GREEN UNIVERSITY OF BANGLADESH

DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING

CT#02 - ASSIGNMENT

ASSIGNMENT TITLE: QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM OF WET PROCESSING

INDUSTRIES.

COURSE CODE : TEXTILE TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL I

COURSE TITLE : TEX -207

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 12-09-2020

SUBMITTED TO:

MD. FAISAL MAHMUD

DESIGNATION: LECTURER
DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING
GREEN UNIVERSITY OF BANGLADESH

SUBMITTED BY:

MD. TAUFIKUL ARIF

ID: 192014011
DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING
GREEN UNIVERSITY OF BANGLADESH
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INTRODUCTION:
In the textile industry technology is changing all the time, bringing modified materials or
different methods of production. Before any modified product reaches the market place it is
necessary to test the material to check that the properties have been improved or have not been
degraded by faster production methods. In this way an improved product or a lower-cost
product with the same properties can be provided for the customer. A large organization will
often have a separate department to carry out research and development; otherwise it is part of
the normal duties of the testing department. Quality controls is a process by which entities
review the quality of all products in an industry. It refers to ways of ensuring the quality of a
service or product. Actually quality control is a system for verifying and maintaining a desired
level of quality in an existing product or service by careful planning, use of proper equipment,
continued inspection, and corrective action as required. Textile wet processing is the process
that use in any finishing treatment. Where, this process is applied on textile in form of liquid
with involves some for chemical action on the textile. Quality Control section is the most
important section in Textile and Garment industries. Most of the Textile and garment
industries in Bangladesh are 100% export oriented. The buyers who deal with the
manufacturers in Bangladesh always want quality. So to maintain quality, quality control
section is necessary. Quality control is defined as the set of procedures intended to ensure that
an end product adheres to a defined set of quality criteria or meets the demand of the customers.
QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM IN WET PROCESSING INDUSTRIES:
Machineries used in QC lab:
Colorfastness test to Perspiration:
The garments which come into the contact with the body reference where perspiration is heavy
(like neck, underarm, etc.), may suffer from serious local discoloration. Colorfastness to
perspiration is the resistance to color of textile against the discoloration effect of acidic or
alkaline perspiration.

colorfastness to perspiration
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Instruments And Materials Needed For Perspiration Test:

 Acrylic glass plate (11.5 cm X 6.0 cm X 0.15 cm)
 Pressure weight
 Oven (Incubator)
 MMF: To meet AATCC standard colorfastness tests to washing, perspiration and others.
The multi-fibre fabric is offered in multiple forms such as rolls that are 4.5” sold by
yard or meter.
 Grey scale: Two types of grey scales.
 Color matching cabinet
 Sewing machine
 Dryer
 Thermometer

Reagents Required For Perspiration Test:

 L – histadine mono-hydro chloride mono-hydrate
 Sodium chloride
 Di-sodium hydrogen orthophosphate
 Distilled water

Recipe:
 L – histadine mono-hydro chloride mono-hydrate: 0.5gm (for Soln A), 0.5gm (for Soln
B)
 Sodium chloride: 5gm (for Soln A), 5gm (for Soln B)
 Di-sodium hydrogen orthophosphate: 2.5gm (for Soln A), 2.5gm (for Soln B)
 Distilled water: 1000ml
 PH (adjusted NaOH): 8 – 5.8

Preparation Of The Test Specimen

A sample of dyed fabric size 10cm X 4cm is taken and placed between two undyed fabric
piece (5cm X 4cm) and sewing both sides. This is called composite test sample.

Working Procedure:
The sample size (10cm X 4cm) is taken. The sample is placed between two un-dyed fabric
pieces (5cm X 4cm). One of the two pieces of un-dyed sample, if available, one should be
multi-fibre fabric. The fabric has different fibre side by side. Three pieces are held together by
stitching sound edges having 5cm X 4cm exposed. Now the composite specimen is wetted in
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perspiration solution A and is kept for 30 minutes at a room temperature. The liquor is poured
off. The specimen is then placed between two glass plates (acrylic glass plates – 11.5cm X
6.0cm X 0.15cm) and 4.5kg pressure is applied by weight for 4hrs at over (Incubator)
temperature (370C). Then pressure is released and un-dyed fabrics and specimen are separated,
and then dried in air at 600C temperature. The procedure is repeated with solution B.The
change of color and staining are then assessed with grey scales for each test. Minimum 10
samples can be tested at a time.
Precaution:
 Stock solution should be prepared carefully.
 Time and temperature should be maintained carefully.
 Neutralization should be done properly.

Color Fastness Test to Light:

The purpose of Color fastness to light test is to determine how much the color will fade when
exposed to a known light source. It is an off line quality assurance system. Generally man
wears the fabric and goes outside of the home for doing their job. In day; sun light fall on the
fabric surface. So it needs to know how much protection ability have a fabric to sun light. It is
determined by an experiment called color fastness to light. To measure the color fastness a
blue scale is used. After completing the test, sample is compared with the blue scale.

Fig: Light fastness tester

Principle of Color Fastness to Light:
This test measures the resistance to fading of dyed textile when exposed to day light. The test
sample is exposed to light for a certain time which is about 24 hours to 72 hours or by
customer/buyer demand and compare the change with original unexposed sample the changes
are assessed by Blue Scales.
Color Fastness to Light with the Microsol light Fastness Tester:
The testing is done step by step. Following step is maintained during measure the color fatness
to light.
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 Cut the four pieces of test specimens according to the length & width wise and attached
with the specimen holder.
 Then the holder set in to the Microsol light fastness tester.
 Then the experiment continued at 72 hours according to the buyer’s requirement.
 After 72 hours later the specimen taken from the light fastness tester
 Then the test specimen compare with the Blue scale or computer color matching system
(CCMS).

Rubbing fastness:
A fastness is a place, such as a castle, which is considered safe because it is difficult to reach
or easy to defend against attack. This test is designed to determine the degree of color which
may be transferred from the surface of a colored fabric to a specify test cloth for rubbing
(which could be dry and Wet).
There are two test methods for rubbing fastness.
1. ISO-105-X12
2. AATCC-08
In ISO-105-X12 the wet pickup of the rubbing cloth is 100% .While in AATCC-08 the wet
Pickup of the rubbing cloth is 65%.We check rubbing by Dry and Wet methods. In wet rubbing
we wet the rubbing cloth according to test method and give rating by comparing the Staining
with the gray scale.
Similarly for dry rubbing we check the rubbing with dry rubbing cloth and compare the
staining With gray scale for ratings .Color Fastness to rubbing is a main test which is always
required for every colored fabric either it is Printed or dyed.
If the color fastness to rubbing is good then it’s other properties like washing fastness and
durability etc. improves automatically because the rubbing is a method to check the fixation
of the color on the fabric. So if the fixation is good it’s washing properties will be good.
Rubbing Fastness depends on:
1. Nature of the Color
2. Depth of the Shade
3. Construction of the Fabric Nature of the color each color either it is pigment, Reactive,
Disperse or direct has its own fastness properties to rubbing. There are some colors like black,
Red, Burgundy, Navy blue which have poor Color fastness properties because of their
chemical structure.
4. Like Black color is a carbon base color and the particle size of carbon is large than the
other colors that’s why its rubbing properties are poor. Similarly red and blue are in the same
case. So to improve the color fastness we add more binder to improve the fastness properties
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of these colors. It doesn’t mean that we can not achieve the best results with these colors. The
required results can achieve but production cost will be increase. On the other hand the
construction of the fabric also effects the fastness properties.
Rubbing fastness test:

Fig: Rubbing fastness test

If the rubbing fastness on 100.80/40.40 is 3 on the gray scale it will be 2-3 on 52.52/22.22 with
the same printing parameters. So always keep in mind these effects during finalize the required
parameters with your customer.
Always Check
1. Quality construction
2. Color
3. Depth of the Color
4. End Use of the product
Results which we can achieve in Normal Conditions are:
1. Dark Shade
2. Medium shades
3. Light Shades
Dry wet
3-4 2 -2.5
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4 3
4-5 3.5-4

Washing Fastness Test:

The property of a dye to retain its color when the dyed (or printed) textile material is exposed
to conditions or agents such as light, perspiration, atmospheric gases, or washing that can
remove or destroy the color. A dye may be reasonably fast to one agent and only moderately
fast to another. Degree of fastness of color is tested by standard procedures. Textile materials
often must meet certain fastness specifications for a particular use.

Washing Fastness Test

It is always useful and interesting to test the dye which is to be used on a sample of the yarn
or fabric to be dyed. The outcome will depend on the fabric, the mordant that has been used
and dye that has have been chosen. Testing is best carried out on a series of Groundnuts marked
(for identification) samples, which have been mordant with a number of different mordents.
Tests can be carried out for light, water and washing fastness using simple standard test
methods.
To Test for Washing Fastness Follow these Steps:
 Take two pieces of fabric about 5cm by 5cm, one of which is undyed cotton and the
other undyed wool. Stitch them together along one side.
 Take some sample strips of the dyed yarn and spread them evenly between the two
pieces of cloth so that they overlap both sides. If dyed fiber is being tested a combed
sample can be used in place of the yarn.
 Sew around all four sides of the cloth so that the yarn is held in place.
 Prepare a similar specimen with dyed materials that has satisfactory properties and place
them in two jars with screw lids containing a solution of 5gm per liter soap or detergent
solution at 30oC.
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 Agitate the two jars gently for 30mins, then remove the fabrics and wash them gently in
clean water for 5mins. Open the stitching and separate the pieces to dry in air.
Examination:
 Place the dyed yarn next to a sample of the same material which has not been tested,
and compare the change which has taken place. Compare also with the control sample
with satisfactory properties. If the dyeing being tested shows equal or less change than
the satisfactory sample, then it is as good as the satisfactory sample.
 Place the wool and cotton cloths next to samples of the same material which have not
been tested and compare them with the cloths that have been tested with a satisfactory
dyeing. Equal or less staining shows equal or better fastness.

Washing Fastness Test:

Color Fastness:
Color fastness is the ability of fabrics to retain the dyes used to color them. Some fabrics hold
dye within their fibers extremely well – like denim – while others do not (mostly synthetic or
artificial non-natural fabrics) and tend to “bleed” when they are washed. The denim would
therefore be more “color fast” than the other fabric.
The resistance of a material to change in any of its color characteristics, when subjected to
washing is called color fastness to washing.
General Principle:
A specimen of the textile to be tested, with the adjacent fabric attached is subjected to washing
under specified conditions. to extent of any change in color and that of the staining of the
adjacent fabric are assessed and the rating is expressed in fastness numbers.
There are two types of adjacent fabrics; (1) single fiber fabric and multiple fiber fabric. In the
case of multi fiber fabric only one specimen is required and in the of single fiber fabric two
adjacent fabric are required.
There are various colorfastness tests. Details of washing fastness tests are given below.
Fastness to Washing:
In the test, change in color of the textile and also staining of color on the adjacent fabric are
assessed. A 10 x 4 cm swatch of the colored fabric is taken and is sandwiched between two
adjacent fabric and stitched, The sample and the adjacent fabric are washed together. Five
different types of washing are specified as different washing methods.
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Washing fastness testing by Gyro wash:

The solution for washing should be prepared to the required temperature of washing. The
liquor material ratio is 50:1. After soaping treatment, remove the specimen, rinse twice in cold
water and then in running cold water under a tap. Squeeze it and air dry at a temperature not
exceeding 60°C. The change in color and staining is evaluated with the help of grey scales.

Conclusion:
There are many quality parameters in quality control lab. And there are also many different
faults in different types of fabric, which are effect in quality of fabric. If we control those faults
and effects, we can get the good quality of fabric. So quality control is very important for all
types of fabric and textiles.