OPEN-FILE REPORT 2011-1093

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Prepared in cooperation with the SHEET 1 OF 2

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF PAKISTAN
66°30'
31°0' 67°0' 67°30' 68°30'
68°0'
M ý
M Qao p
60
p 20 C È
m Tsm
Tnp 40

M
p 30 F 31°0'
M
p

?
M
F
p 60
p

F
E 70

p p

F
Qb? Qao NG Qao 35
@
FM
35
MF

p
70

F
LT
80
RA @
@ p p45

FAU
Qao
F
p p p 60

FM
35 F

M
t

p
TABINA PLATEAU 30
60 Tsm
Qay @ Tsm
30
10
p Tn CORRELATION OF MAP UNITS
MF

p
t M È Tn 60

MAN
m 45

p
55

F M

o$
SURFICIAL DEPOSITS

o
INTRODUCTION
p p 30

M
26 50

F
@ @ ( ( Tn Nisai Formation (lower Oligocene to lower This generalized digital geologic map of west-central
p Parh Limestone (Upper Cretaceous)—Light-
CHA

(( Muslim Bagh Ophiolite Complex (Late Cretaceous)—

M
M
SPE Qay

p
40 Kmo Holocene

F
PAK
p

p
p
50 25

M
30
( HAM QTm Eocene)—Predominately gray and grayish- gray, white, green, and olive-green, thin- to Complex is divided into sheeted dikes (Kms), Pakistan (fig. 1) is a product of the Balochistan Coal-Basin Synthesis

F
t ( ((

F
È Tn 70

p
pM ( (

M
m brown massive limestone interbedded with Study, which was part of a cooperative program of the Geological
(
p Qao medium-bedded, lithographic and argillaceous

?
t mafic cumulates (Kmc), a mixed cyclic sequence

p
(
p GHAR

p
40 50

F
35
t 60 80
( ( ( Tn QTm QUATERNARY minor light-gray marl and gray, green, Survey of Pakistan and the United States Geological Survey. The
p pp o limestone intercalated with subordinate gray of mafic and ultramafic cumulates (Kmm),

x
45 Tn QTm ( ( ( (
$

t t 70

F
p 50
35

p M p 60 35
30

(
( Qb
30
(
( (
( ( Kmo?
(
(
((
Tsm
GHAZABAND-ZHOB 60(
( o
p 45 I. MOLASSE DEPOSITS
Pleistocene maroon, yellow, and brown shale and gray,
green, brown, and white sandstone and
calcareous shale and greenish-gray marl.
Limestone is characterized by porcellaneous
ultramafic cumulates (Kmu), and ultramafic
tectonites (Kmt) (Ahamad and Abbas, 1979;
original nondigital map was published by Maldonado and others
(1998). Funding was provided by the Government of Pakistan and

N
t p
80
( FAUL Qb Qd

RA
t ( ? ( T conglomerate. Limestone is highly the United States Agency for International Development through

F
A ( ( texture and concoidal fractures and contains Mengal and others, 1993). Locally, complex
^

( (

M
E
G ( (
MF
(

A
AN Kmo
70
Tsm
p
30
QTm
(( ( ( ii. FLYSCH DEPOSITS fossiliferous, reefoid, shelly, brecciated, Globotruncana sp. and other foraminifera. is shown undivided (Kmo). Age of emplace- Project 391-0478: Energy Planning and Development Project (Coal
?
o
t R
(

M
M
Tsm (
M QTu Pliocene
( ( Qao ( ? ( (PISHIN FLYSCH PROVINCE) QTm and locally argillaceous. Marl is well bedded Lower contact with the Goru Formation is ment is thought to be middle Paleocene to Resources Exploration and Assessment Project) component 2A;
p

M
(
t p
30 MF ( 20
o Ts
and grades into limestone or shale. Shale is Participating Agency Service Agreement No. IPK-0478-P-I-1-

p
( ( ( 30 Miocene transitional. Exposed predominantly around early Eocene (Allemen 1979; Otsukie and
v
30
80 t

p
fissile and locally calcareous, lateritic and (or) flanks of the Sibi-Urak trough. Thickness 5068-000. The sources of geologic map data are primarily
KH Shelabagh @
p
50
KA
KAR
p
65
t (
ZHOB È
m Tsm
carbonaceous. Sandstone is calcareous, fine 300–600 m (Fatmi, 1977)
others, 1989) and age of the rocks was
1:253,440-scale geologic maps obtained from Hunting Survey

p
O
È t III. PREDOMINANTLY MARINE SHELF Oligocene thought to be Early Triassic (Otsukie and
t JA
K
m 10

ýp M VALLEY SEQUENCE (SULAIMAN FOLD AND to coarse grained, poorly to well sorted, Goru Formation (Upper and lower Cretaceous)— others, 1989). It is now thought that age Corporation (1961) and the geologic map of the Muslim Bagh

M
70
M p 60

o (
Muslim Bagh Qay quartzitic, thick-bedded, and cross-bedded. Light-gray to medium-gray, and olive-gray, Ophiolite Complex and Bagh Complex area (Mengal and others,

M
THRUST BELT) of emplacement onto continental margin

M
50
t

F
Qay Nisai
t F TERTIARY Conglomerate contains angular to rounded 1993). The geology was modified based on reconnaissance field
F t Tn thin-bedded limestone interbedded with greenish- of the Indo-Pakistan tectonic block is
PA A Tk
OB Tkg pebbles and boulders of limestone, marl, jasper, gray and locally with maroon siltstone and shale. Late Cretaceous to early Paleocene (Kajima and work and photo interpretation of 1:250,000-scale Landsat

!
SS t T

!
t Kmt IV. INTRUSIVE ROCKS
Tg Eocene sandstone, and igneous rocks. Defined as the Lower contact with Sembar Formation is others, 1994). Age of complex is Late Thematic Mapper photo image (Maldonado and others, 1998). The

!
t t

T
(AFGHANISTAN BLOCK)
Nisai Group by Hunting Survey Corporation, descriptions and thicknesses of map units were based on published

UL

!
conformable. Exposed mostly along flanks of

!
t Cretaceous, based on K-Ar age of 82-67 Ma

FM

!
!

!
!
t

M
Tn

FA

!
Limited (1961) and redefined as Nisai the Sibi-Urak trough and near and east of Gogai (Sawada and others, 1992). Complex contains and unpublished reports (mainly Hunting Survey Corporation,
A

!
M
AJ

!
!
) Formation by Cheema and others (1977). (fig. 2, loc. 13). Thickness 60 m in the Quetta 1961; Fatmi, 1977; Cheema and others, 1977; and Shan, 1977)

!
chromite, magnesite, and magnetite deposits.

!
!
)
W

!
e)

)
) Kmm
KH

Near southwest corner of map area, the and converted to U.S. Geological Survey format. In the nomencla-

)
area (Fatmi, 1977) Exposed in northeastern part of map area south

!
p ) @
75 Kmt

!
Paleocene

!
p

!
!
V. OPHIOLITE, MELANGE, AND INTRUSIVE
t t OB

!
Kmu Nisai Formation includes the Wakabi and ture of the Geological Survey of Pakistan, there is both a Urak

!
TKu Sembar Formation (Lower Cretaceous and

!
of the Shob Valley (fig. 2, loc. 2)

)
p
H
D-Z Kmc

!
t

!
F !
AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
45 K^b
( Naimargh Limestones of Hunting Survey Upper Jurassic)—Black silty shale with inter- Group and an Urak Formation.

) )
Muslim Bagh Ophiolite Complex, undivided
F
N 40 TKc Kmo

x
!
(

)
F M
60
BA

!
) 55
Qila
o

!
)

!
!
Tn (
M

R
A Corporation (1961), which are too thin to beds of black siltstone and gray argillaceous The cross sections were constructed using a passive
AZ
!

HA

)
@
T ( Kms
@ GH K^b FAUL

!
(F
( Kms show separately at the map scale. Lower roof-thrust duplex model that was first applied in the Sulaiman and

G
limestone; generally glauconitic and pyritic, and
!

(
!

( Kms Sheeted dike—Light-gray, dioritic, fine- to

!
R
$

!
t ( ( TO Kmc H

!
Kmu

SE
)
contact is an angular unconformity above Kirthar Ranges (fig. 1) by Banks and Warburton (1986). Humayon

)
BAG (in the basal part) locally contains phosphatic
F M

!
Kmc Kb medium grained; composed of feldspar and
! !

AL- (
F
Qila Saifullah
p

PI
50 Kmu
)

GH
)

!
GW ( Mesozoic sedimentary rocks and rocks of nodules and gray to green shale. Belemnites and others (1991) and Jadoon and others (1994) showed cross
) Kmt hornblende with minor amounts of pyroxene

AI
K^b
t

!
(

!
Kmm Kmu Kmm

!
(

!
Kmo

AR
( Upper Cretaceous

(
the Muslim Bagh Ophiolite complex. sections for parts of the map area and areas contiguous with the

)
) ) Kmo TKJd are commonly present. Locally, lower part of and quartz. Main rock types are hornblende

TO
t K^b
!
F

)
Qao )
) ) (
!
Exposed in northeastern and southwestern map area. Bannert and others 1992) also showed cross sections in

!
)

R
Tn ( unit may contain some Upper Jurassic rocks
F diorite, quartz diorite, and amphibolite. Intruded
K^b
! !
Qao Kmu CRETACEOUS

)
J^a Kdd
p

t JANG TOR
^kg
) (
t )
p
!

)
p part of map area. North of Nisai (fig. 2 loc. their report on the western fold belt of Pakistan, which includes part

(
t È
Bagh KJm( (Fatmi and others, 1986). Lower contact by plagiogranite and trondjhemites dikes not
!
TKJd
(

!
GHAR

)
t IN ) m 40
(
25 S
) ( Kmt
KJm 16) thickness about 1,200 m (Cheema and with Chiltan Limestone (Jc) in western part of shown on map. Identified as sheeted dikes of the map area at a scale of 1:500,000. The thrust faults are
FM

BA Tn
t ( 70

F
Kmu J^a(

)
( ( ( ( others, 1977) map area and the Loralai Formation (Jal) in shown as high-angle faults (reverse faults) whose angles decrease
^kg
Tn
M p
10 K^b
(
J^a
p
60
GHAR (
by previous workers (Rossman and others,

)
with depth. Some of the faults have been folded, so their original

)
( eastern part is discomformable. Mostly exposed
p Lash ) PI TOR SAGAI F ^kw
M ()
( TKJd
( Jal D ( ( 1971; Ahmad and Abbas, 1979). Estimated
geometry is not known. Cross section B-B’ represents a change in

)
5 p ) ( ( AIN ( Jal ( III PREDOMINANTLY MARINE SHELF SEQUENCE around flanks of the Sibi-Urak trough and near thickness 2,000 m (Mengal and other, 1993)

x
P
(

)
Lower Cretaceous
( ( (
30
Qb? tt ) )Tn (
QTu ( ( (
10
(M ( ( ( ( ( ) ( Qay
( J^a (
M F M (
M
Jal
Jas ( F Jas Tk Kirthar Formation (middle and lower
and east of Gogai (fig. 2, loc. 13). Thickness Kmc Mafic cumulates—Gabbroic; gray to dark green apparent thrust fault vergent direction from east-southeast to
o

)(
M F Jal ( south-southwest. This change in apparent vergent direction
FMM
60
at the type section in the Marri-Bugti area,
) Tn
(
M when fresh and dark brown to black when
( ( ( ( ( ( (
( (( ( (
Khanozai
) F Tn È
p Tn
FM Jas Eocene)—Light-gray and pale-brown, thick-
È probably reflects subsequent bending (folding) or rotation of the

(
m (
F ( KJm Qao KJm approximately 30 km east of map area, is weathered; fine, medium, and coarse grained.
Qay
)
M
t
m 30

t
e
M ( MF
Jas
F M p
60 (
F
TKJd
( (
ZHI
ARA
MF
( ýp 60 Upper Jurassic bedded to massive, highly fossiliferous lime-
stone interbedded with gray and light-brown
approximately 135 m but thickness Composed of hornblende gabbro in upper part terrane containing these thrust faults. The thrust faults prior to the
subsequent deformation probably had similar vergent directions.
( (( (
is less near Quetta and Ziarat (fig. 2, loc 8)
Jal (
F Jal and pyroxene gabbro in lower part. Characterized
( (
F M
30
Qay Jas ( o KJm Jas Qay marl and olive, brown, and dark-gray shale.
M
KJm
p

(
(
F (Fatmi, 1977) by compositional banding. Estimated thickness
( Jas
F

$
Jal
Kmu
) ( M ( GW
( AKA 60 Jc Middle Jurassic Marl and shale make up approximately 50

o
30
Qb
Pishin
Khosoe )
) KJm
( 45
p o 50
AL-B
(AGH
( FAU
Jas
(
M
Jal

FF $ p
FM 40 Jas S p 60
10
o p F S ANZ
AR
M
F
Jas
K^b
Jal
JURASSIC
percent of the formation. Shale is calcareous
and highly fossiliferous. Unit previously called
TKJd Dungan Formation and Mona Jhal Group, un-
divided (Eocene to Lower Cretaceous and Kmm
400–1,500 m (Mengal and others, 1993)
Mafic and ultramafic cumulates—Composed of
STRUCTURAL NOTE
The map area is divided into five major structural domains

t
F
Jal
)

(
(
M ( LT ( (
pM Upper Jurassic)—Includes the Dungan dunite, pyroxenite, and gabbro. Rocks are (fig. 2) (Maldonado and others, 1993). Except for the surficial
(
F o QTu KJm
F
Jal 20 GHA
R
p 30
J^a the Brahui Limestone by Hunting Survey

t
15
Qb ( Kmu ( SO
R KJm o
25
45
( M
M Chinali
o F
50
F Js Lower Jurassic Corporation, (1961), but later changed to
Formation of the undivided Tertiary and repeated several times; basal part is dunite deposits, the map units are largely described with the various
o
10
TKu ( Cretaceous units (TKu) and the Mughal Kot that grades to upward into wehrlite, then structural domains, beginning with the youngest domain (I) and

)
( ( Kb Jas the Kirthar Formation by Cheema and others
( Kb
(
M
) F Formation, Parh Limestone, Goru and Sembar ending with the oldest (V) (see “Description of Map Units”). The
p
20
( Gwal
)
40
KJm Jal
p 40 (1977). Locally includes the Spintangi
pyroxenite and finally gabbro. Dunite contains
$ GW
Qao (
( p GHAR Kb KJm Kb KJm Jal
p 45 KJm TKu KJm 20
o F
p Formation of the Mona Jhal Group (KJm). pods of harzburgite. Dunite is dark green to five domains are as follows: I, the Sibi-Urak trough (molasse

pp
p

p
40 KJm Limestone of Hunting Survey Corporation
( Jc (
IN

AL (

(
( 50 20
Unit is present in northeastern part of map area
M pF deposits); II, the Pishin flysch province (flysch deposits); III, the
( 30
black when fresh and weathers brown to dark
M
KJm
( 40
-BA
SH

(1961). Lower contact is mostly transitional

GH QTu
o p F p Upper Triassic southeast of Bagh (fig. 2, loc. 9)

$
Sulaiman fold and thrust belt (predominantly marine shelf sequence);
(
p KJm brown. Chromite deposits are present in the

(
? Jal
PI

(
30°30' (
FA
UL
60

pp 60 TKu TKu Qay

50
40 30

pF Qay 40 p 45
TRIASSIC
with Ghazij Formation, but where the
Kb Bibai Formation (Upper Cretaceous)—Divided into dunite. Pyroxenite is coarse grained, dark IV, the Afghanistan block (intrusive rocks); and V, the Muslim Bagh

(
T (Base not exposed)
F
Kb
(
v ( 60
( ( ( Kb
( p (
p Jal 30
30°30' formation overlies Mesozoic rocks is
upper and lower zones. Upper zone is a thick yellowish orange, olive black, and brownish Ophiolite Complex and the Bagh Complex (ophiolite, melange, and

(
MA
) (
20
( ( ( ( Ahmadum
( ( ) F ( (
LIK 45 unconformable. Exposed mainly along the

)
( ^kw sequence of volcanic-boulder conglomerate, black when fresh and yellowish green and intrusive and sedimentary rocks).

)
TKu
(
Gogai
(
p
Qao J^a
p ( Kb )? ?
F p M ( Jas
p 40
Qao
p 30
Middle Triassic edge of the Sibi-Urak trough. Thickness
interbedded with ash beds and tuff units. Ash dark green when weathered. Estimated The map area contains two types of thrust faults: faults that

o
M 45 TKu
F Lower Triassic 1,270 m (Cheema and others, 1977) in
)
M
Jal 40 ^kg
p Tg
p

)
QTu 45

F
TKu
) 60
Tn TKu KJm beds contain various amounts of volcanic and predominately place older strata on younger strata and faults that
(
40
KJm
) )
)
)M
) ?
p o F ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (
^_u
PERMIAN the Gaj River area, south of map area, but
thickness 4,000–6,000 m (Mengal and others,
FM F

30
( ) ()
p Kb
p SA terrigenous material. Tuff units also interfinger place younger strata on older. The older-on-younger strata may

)
p
? ? 1993)

)
60 ?
M

30
Pl

o
45 LAR
p
o
30

pM
20
much less in map area

p
F ) ) )
)
M (
( TKu
F F 30

ý ý Qao
v M 60

o p ( ( ( Qay
FM
? 45
(
F Qay PENNSYLVANIAN with a sequence of coarse sandstone, argilla- Kmu Ultramafic cumulates—Composed of intercalated represent deformation that resulted from collision of the Indo-

(
(
Qb
( Js
oo p M 45
) 20 F
( Ghazij Formation (lower Eocene)—Divided
^
R

45
M

(
) TKu TO CAMBRIAN Tg ceous tuff, and mudstone. Lower zone is Pakistan tectonic block with the Eurasian tectonic block during the
( sequence of dunite, harzburgite, wehrlite, and

)
TKu 50
) ) 20

(
HA

? (
M 70 Kach

p Tg
p M
M o )
F p 45
into upper, middle, and lower zones by composed of interbedded agglomerate, tuff, and
)
( ý o Eocene (Powell, 1979). Some of the younger-on-older strata may
G

minor pyroxenite. Dunite resembles those rock

p p (
40 Tg 50
p
M

(
25
( ? 15

p M
20
( (
Jal ?
F

Zs

)
Qb È

(
Jc ( Hunting Survey Corporation (1961). basalt lava flows. Basal part of lower zone is represent (1) obduction of the Muslim Bagh Ophiolite Complex onto
^
Tsm 10
types in the mafic and ultramafic cumulates unit
t $ o 45
(
m 20
30
F F ( F ( ( KJm LATE PROTEROZOIC

(
M

Qay Jal
R ( Formation predominantly exposed around
M interbedded with the Parh Limestone of the the rocks of the Bagh Complex during the Late Cretaceous to early
TKu
80
KJm
F GHA
p BASEMENT ROCKS (Kmm). Harzburgite is dark green when fresh
)
Qay

M
M
Mp
p o p 50
N GE
40
t x M
p 60 ) ? p 45 PIL

F
KJm ) )
) ( (
Jal
pQay
F 45
TKu M Qao
Jal
Zr
the flanks of the Sibi-Urak trough Mona Jhal (KJm) Group. Formation is mapped and dark brown to black when weathered. Paleocene (Kijima and others, 1994) and (2) formation of the
M

60 F 60
@

(
(
Qao ? Upper zone—Predominantly composed of reddish-
60
RA (
p )
Tg northeast of Quetta, but in eastern part of map Wehrlite is dark green when fresh and brown- roof-thrust fault as a possible result of the collision of the Indo-
A

)
M
KJm
45 (

pp
QTu

pop
JR

Jc 20 TKu KJm? Qao

Jc (
( ( )
?
M weathering claystone and minor conglomeratic area it is included in the lower part of the Pakistan tectonic block with the Eurasian tectonic block. The

M
ish green when weathered. Pyroxenite is yellow-
(
o
A

70 10

p o o
( ( (
(

Tk
KU
45 ( Tg M ? p 30
( (
5
( mJal TKu sandstone containing clasts of limestone and Mughal Kot Formation of the Mona Jhal ish to dark green. Estimated thickness 4,000 structure of the map area has been summarized by Maldonado and
Dinar
) 20

p M M M 30
( ( È(
(

) )
( TKu
F

p
50
TA 10

F (
( p M F 50 chert. Locally, upper zone contains thin layers Group. The Bibai Formation was named by m (Mengal and others, 1993) others (1993).
(
(
M
F
( ( )
) Ziarat
(
p p M
(

60
(
(
40 Tk ) )
F Jal KJm DESCRIPTION OF MAP UNITS of bog iron. Lower contact is conformable and Kazmi (1970) after Bibai Peak in the Gogai Kmt Ultramafic tectonites—Composed of dunite and
(
(

)
45
x

Tn TKu
M

(
(
Js
o
35

p$ p
40
o ( Js
(
KJm
( 20 ( 60
CH
p 30 ) )
) ) ?
MF
p 40 30
Jal 20
p p p 60
60
where the Gaj and Nari Formations are absent, the
locally unconformable (E.A., Johnson, oral area (fig. 2, loc. 13). Approximately 3,000 m harzburgite. Dunite is greenish black, or dark REFERENCES CITED
(

commun., 1994). Thickness from about 215

x
Tg AP TKu SURFICIAL DEPOSITS thick in the Ziarat region (Kazmi, 1979) green when fresh and light brown when weathered;

F( p
Tg Ahmad, A.S., and Abbas, S.G., 1979, Ophiolites in Pakistan: an
M
M F
F

)
KJm
PA )

)
)
(
(

45
80 20
( 20

)
R KJm KJm conglomerate between the Uzdha Pasha Formation and m in the Mach area (fig. 2, loc 7) to about 300
)
?
M F MURDAR Qay Young alluvium (Holocene)—Includes gravel, sand, Jc Chiltan Limestone (Middle Jurassic)—Predominately fine grained and dense. Protolith mainly consists introduction, in Farah, A., and De Jong, K. A., eds, Geody-
)
M
p ( (
x

M
Tsm M ) KJm Jal
F
(

40
)
o o F the overlying Kirthar Formation (Tk), older Tertiary units,

p ox

p
m near Harnai (Hunting Survey Corporation,
(
p p F ( )
GHAR TKu silt, and silty clay derived from the surrounding light- to dark-gray, black, brownish- to bluish- of olivine and minor pyroxene; partially or namics of Pakistan: Quetta, Pakistan Geological Survey, p.

?
p Jc 15
È
t
(

p
(

TKu
^
(

F
m
M
30
45 60 GH KJm and Mesozoic rocks is in angular unconformity and discon- 1961) (fig. 2, loc. 18) and as much as about
p M ( ( p mountains and older alluvium; present in areas of gray and in places white, massive to thick- completely serpentinized. Harzburgite is dark 193–213.
) FM
60
( Tg AR 40

M
Tk ( 30 Qay formity (Hunting Survey Corporation, Limited, 1961). 535 m in the Sor Range (S.R. Roberts, oral
p low relief in intermontane valleys and along bedded limestone; fine grained, oolitic, reefoid,
(

( KHALIFAT Qao green when fresh and dark brown to black when Allenmann, F., 1979, Time of emplacement of the Zhob Valley
M Qay
45
The equivalent Nagri Formation is approximately 600 m

(F ( (
( commun, 1994) (fig. 2, loc. 19)
o present-day channels. Deposits show little dis- and shelly. Veins and nodules of chert present

p
fresh and dark brown to black when weathered; ophiolites and Bela ophiolites, Balochistan (preliminary report),
F
Qao Jc
30
È
pM
30
) Jc NIS 60 TKu Qao KJm
M
HPA
30
M p m 30 F TKu 30
section thick in the Urak area (fig. 2, loc. 3) (Cheema and others Middle zone—Medium- to dark-gray sand- locally. Lower contact is transitional with Shirinab medium to coarse grained. Both olivine and
TKu

)M )
)
( ( F F ( Qay in Farah, A., and De Jong, K.A., eds Geodynamics of

p
Tg 30 TKu
Tk A
Qao 20
(
( ( Qao Old alluvium (Holocene to upper Pleistocene)— (1977) stone, gray to brownish-gray shale, minor Formation (Js). Exposed predominately in western pyroxene are serpentinized, but to a lesser Pakistan: Geological Survey of Pakistan, p. 215–242.
(
o

40 p KJm
( Jal
F

)
p ot t Urak

( ( ( M
p Gaj Formation (Miocene? to Oligocene?)—Greenish- calcareous siltstone and brown-weathering

p
part of map area and on northwestern end of
) p M
45 Gravel, sand, silt, and silty clay locally derived degree than in the dunite. Thickness not known Asrarullah, A.Z., 1967, Geology of the Krewra Dome [abs.]:
o

) 45 ZARGHUN
(
o o 20 10
(

Qb
M

@ Tg
F

)
35 75 45 Tg 5 KJm gray, variegated, gypsiferous shale and subordinate shelly limestone, and locally minable coal. the Sibi-Urak trough. Approximate thickness
(

70 KJm MOUNTAINS Qao KJm and deposited as valley fill. Locally covered by K^b Bagh Complex (Upper Cretaceous to Upper Pakistan Science Conference, 18th and 19th, Jamshoro,
) )
( FM
)
F

) KJm
? )
)

greenish-gray and brown, calcareous, ferruginous, Sandstone is thick bedded, mostly coarse
TKu Tg
p loess. Deposits are semi-consolidated and are 1,800 m in the Quetta area (Hunting Survey

M
Triassic)—Composed of eight major fault- Proceedings, Part III, p. F3–F4.
v

)
70 p ) ) ) ) 20 Sanjawi )
(

grained, pebbly, poorly sorted, and

M
(
? p ) ) ) presently being dissected by streams crossbedded sandstone and brown, yellowish-brown, Corporation, Limited, 1960) bounded lithologic units (Mengal and others, Banks, C.J., and Warburton, J., 1886, “Passive-roof” duplex
(
(

QTu 50

p
(

(
@

Tg
F (
)

Jc 45 30 Qay and white, argillaceous and fossiliferous limestone. commonly crossbedded. Lower contact Js Shirinab Formation (Middle and Lower Jurassic)— 1993). These units, which were not mapped geometry in the frontal structures of the Kirthar and Sulaiman
o

KJm 60 KJm
o o

10

( ( ( (
?

t 25 Qao 30
Qay
) p F
p Qao TKu ýp I. MOLASSE DEPOSITS Lower contact is transitionally conformable with the is conformable and transitional (E.A., Predominately gray to dark-gray and black, separately, are, in structurally descending order: mountain belts, Pakistan: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 8,
p

F ?
M
F

25

M
)
(

) ) )
Tk Tg Qay Nari Formation. Thickness 90 m (Williams, 1959; Johnson, oral commun., 1994). Thick- thin- to medium-bedded limestone interbedded
Qay ) KJm
TKu
p M
)
p 45 45 Qb Bostan Formation (Pleistocene)—White, light-gray, serpentine melange, mudstone melange, ultra- no. 3/4, p. 229–237.
(

p
Khost
) ?

p
40
)
R
p ( ( Mp( ( M
M ness from 30 m (S.R., Roberts, oral
o

Cheema and others, 1977) in the Sor Range (fig. 2,

)
10 Jc ) ) ) HA red, maroon, and light-green clay, conglomerate, with gray to dark-gray, and black shale; locally mafic and mafic rock, basalt-chert, hyaloclasite-
)
(

Qao Qao KJm x G 10 Bannert, Dietrich, Cheema, Amjed, Ahmed, Abrar, and Schaffer,
35

p Js
60

p ) ) p 20 p10

F
?
) Tg ) AM
and gray, brownish-gray and maroon sandstone. loc.19) (Cheema and others, 1977) commun., 1994) to about 90 m (Hunting contains white interbedded sandstone towards mudstone, ophiolite rock, upper sedimentary Uwe, 1992, The structural development of the western fold
(

Qao KJm
(

15 30 p
UL
) F
Tk ?
( F M
60
KJm Survey Corporation, 1961) in the Sor
^

Quetta p Clay is poorly consolidated, silty, and gypsiferous Nari Formation (Miocene? to Oligocene?)—Upper base. Limestone is fine to coarse grained, shelly, rock, and lower sedimentary rock. The complex
o

Tg
M

GH belt, Pakistan: Hanover, Geologisches Jahrbuch Reihe B, Heft

(

p
Qao 20
)
TH
KH

Qao 30 10

MF p Tg
(

40
F )
M M M
O 10
and of lacustrine origin. Conglomerate contains part is composed of grayish-brown sandstone Range and about 300 m in the Mach area oolitic, pisolitic, and pellitic. Shale is calcareous was originally mapped as part of the Parh and
o

50 Qay
)
p p Shahrig 80, 60 p.
LA

M
R
)
Tk 20
20
Tg
( (
)
p

40 Tk KJm
M
o

30
(Hunting Survey Corporation, 1961).
)
(

TA subrounded pebble- and boulder-size clast of interbedded with medium-olive-gray calcareous and typically fissile. Base of formation is not Alozai Groups (Hunting Survey Corporation,
E

^ Cheema, M.R., Raza, S.M., and Ahmad, Habib, 1977, Cenozoic,

)
p

M
40 20
SH

Tg KI
SO

30

p
F

pM

30

p
60 ^
claystone and lenticular, arenaceous and clastic Possibly as much about 2,440 m thick in
o

M exposed. Originally included the Anjira, Loralai,

KJm limestone, sandstone, and volcanic and ultra-
p

(
Limited, 1961) as melange (Gansser, 1979;
M

in Shah, Ibrahim, S. M., eds, Stratigraphy of Pakistan:

pF
(

20 25

@ )
G
)(

R
MA

M
50 40 10
F

HA

p
B
p F
F

40 mafic rocks. Sandstone is fine to coarse grained, limestone beds. Lower part is white gray-brown, the Bahlol area (Hunting Survey Corporation, and Spingwar Formations as members (Williams, Ahmad and Abbas, 1979), and as the Triassic
pv ( o p Ts Qay
F ( ( F R Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoirs, v. 12, p. 57–98.
(

QTu 45
1961), approximately 100 km east of map
20
)
shelly and nodular, thin- to thick-bedded and
^

30 p45 KJm ? and has salt and pepper texture; sandstone beds 1959; Fatmi, 1977); the Loralai and Spingwar Parh Group by Otsuki and others (1989). Farah, A., Lawrence, R.D., and De Jong, K.A., 1984, An overview
M TKu
Tg
)
Qao Jc
)

25
Qay

)
B p are widely spaced and interbedded with boulder massive limestone with thin dark shale and brown area now have formational status and are considered Redefined as the Bagh Complex by Mengal
o

o
F

Qao 30 o of the tectonics of Pakistan, in Haq, B.U., and Milliman, J.D.,

RA
QUETTA

)
MURDAR GHAR
)
GE

p
È
20
p pM M
35

( ( )
conglomerate. Upper contact is unconformable sandstone stringers. Lower contact with the Kirthar Lower zone—Olive-green, calcareous shale to be part of the Alozai Group. Exposed mainly and others (1993, 1994) for a complex of
N
(

eds., Marine geology and oceanography of Arabian Sea and

m
F
v 15
TKu
p

)
RAN

Tk
G
(

M ) M
)

45
interbedded with thin, buff, medium-grained,
E

) or transitional with alluvial deposit. Lower Formation (Tk) is conformable. About 200 m thick in southwestern part of map area. Thickness igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks
)
(

Js Jc Tg coastal Pakistan: New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company,

)
Ts KJm )
F p

Qao
?

20 Tg
?
Qao ) in the Sor Range (fig. 2, loc. 19) (Cheema and calcareous sandstone. Lower contact has
( F p M F
45 Tg contact unconformable with Multana Formation greater than 1,500 m in the Quetta Valley area
F )
10
) p 20 ) )
exposed near the village of Bagh (fig. 2, loc.9). p. 161–176.
p

? 10
Js
)
)
(

been generally interpreted as an unconformity

(

others, 1977)
)
(Khan and others, 1986)
ý p Tk ) and forms an angular unconformity on older The complex is bounded on the north by the

)
Fatmi, A.N., 1977, Mesozoic, in Shah, Ibrahim, S. M., eds,
È
MF 15 ?
Tsm
m Tk Tk
p
M

TKu Multana Formation (Pleistocene to Oligocene?)— with the Dugan Formation, a unit that has
10
Qay
p strata [(Shaigalu Sandstone, Murgha Faqirzai QTm Jal Loralai Formation (Middle and Lower Jurassic)— overlying Muslim Bagh Ophiolitic Complex Stratigraphy of Pakistan: Geological Survey of Pakistan
Qao
ý (

)
( 60 20
Tg Shale, Nisai Formation, Shirinab Formation (Js), Consists of conglomerate, gray-green sandstone, been included with the undivided Tertiary and Predominately dark-gray to black thin- to medium-
(

KAMAN GHAR and on the south by the Gwal-Bagh fault. Memoirs, v. 12, p. 29–56.
o
(

20 Harnai

x
(
F
p

30

(
Tk and light- to dark-green, and maroon shale. Cretaceous units (TKu) and, locally, as an
p bedded limestone and minor gray, red, and green
o

p
and Loralai Limestone (Jal)]. Exposed mainly in Approximate exposed thickness 500 m
10
)
KJm Tk Tg 20
Fatmi, A.N., Hyderi, I. H., Hyderi, Anwar, Muhammad, and
KJm FF
(

Qao
)
p

60
(45 30
?
)
Conglomerate contains well-sorted, rounded to angular unconformity where the formation
M
^ 30 p 60 northern part of map area in the Pishin Basin splintery and calcareous shale. Limestone is fine Serpentine Melange unit (Upper and Lower Mengal, J. M., 1986, Stratigraphy of "Zidi Formation" Feroz-
t p
(
(

45 30
)
?
e F

((
overlies Paleocene, Cretaceous, and Jurassic
p

20
and north of the Zhob Valley (fig. 2 locs. 1 and subrounded pebble- and boulder-size clasts of grained, argillaceous, and contains algae and
( 30

p p Cretaceous)—Composed of blocks of various abad Group) and "Parh Group" (Mona Jhal Group) Khuzdar
M F
M

p
o

60
AN

Jc Qao
M
(

10
rocks (Hunting Survey Corporation, 1961).
Qay
p sandstone, limestone, marl,diorite, gabbro, and
(

oolites in upper part. Lower contact is transitional

M

( 2). Cheema and others (1977) report thickness types of mainly ultramafic, mafic rocks, and District, Balochistan, Pakistan: Ministry of Petroleum and
)
M
)
?)
v 20
p

)
p p

Tg
)
Jc TKu
)
)
ILT

Qd
) )
^

p
Lower contact has also been interpreted as
(

jasper in a calcareous sandy matrix. Locally, lower

^

50
of 750 m in the Pishin Basin with Spingwar Formation. Exposed in northeastern
)
F M metamorphic rocks widely distributed in a scaly
pp
o

Js 5
p o ) Natural Resources, Geological Survey of Pakistan Records,
(

? 60 ?
F
CH

40 Qao 80
Jc Tg 10 20 Qao KJm Qd Dada Conglomerate (Pleistocene)—Conglomerate contact is unconformable on the Nisai Formation a thrust fault by Banks and Warburton (1986), part of map area (fig. 2, loc. 9). Thickness 130-650 serpentine matrix. Metamorphic rocks include Stratigraphy and Paleontology, v. 75, 32 p.
(

Qay
(

p
M

(
F
F
pM F

Ts
M 30

ý
p o

45
which we have incorporated into the geologic

)
5 Qao
Jc ( and minor green-gray and brown sandstone. (Tn). Exposed north of the Zhob Valley in north- m (Hunting Survey Corporation, Limited, 1961)
M amphibolite, garnet-hornblende schist, and Gansser, Augusto, 1979, Reconnaissance visit to the ophiolites in
?

M F
(

(
p ?
o

x
)
t t M) F
25
) ) p
Jc
) )
)
) map. Thickness from about 915 m in the Sor
o

40
eastern part of map area. About 6,770 m report Spingwar Formation (Lower Jurassic)—Gray to dark-
45
M ( Conglomerate consists of limestone boulder and Jas greenschist. Other rock types are basalt, chert, Balochistan and the Himalaya, in Farah, A., and De Jong, K.
)
p
^
(

10
80

p
(

60 ? 45 pebble in a sandstone matrix interlayered with thick near the town of Naweoba (Hunting Survey Range to about 1,220 m in the Mach area gray, thin- to thick-bedded limestone interbedded limestone, and shale (Mengal and others, 1994).
(

Muhammad Kheli A., eds, Geodynamics of Pakistan: Geological Survey of

p
p

70 Qao
30 Jc Qay Tg (
F
Js 30

)
25 KJm 25
) ) (Hunting Survey Corporation, 1961). As
o

Corporation, Limited, 1961), approximately 110

)

with greenish-gray to dark-gray shale. Limestone

?

subordinate sandstone lenses. Sandstone is Unit is exposed structurally below the Muslim
@

Pakistan, p. 193–213.
20 60
GHAR
p p
(

F
)

KJm KJm ( much as 2,225 m thick in the Johan area

(

TARIKH coarse grained, pebbly, and cross-bedded. km northeast of map area is more abundant than shale in upper part of
(

30°0' Bagh Ophiolite Complex. Age of unit is Late Gee, E.R., 1945, The age of the saline series of the Punjab and
(

? 20 10
Tk 50 Jc Tg Qay
Tg TKu KJm (Hunting Survey Corporation, 1961),
F

Sibi Group (Pliocene and Oligocene)—Green, grayish-

(

Js TKu 50
30°0' Upper contact is commonly gradational into Ts formation and approximately in equal proportions and Early Cretaceous (Sawada and others, 1992). Kohat: India National Academy Science Proceedings, sec. B.,
p
LT

p
(

p ( Jc
p orange, and maroon sandy shale interbedded with approximately 20 km south of map area

p
TKu older alluvial deposits; lower contact is conform- with shale in lower part. Shale is fissile and Thickness not known
p v. 14, pt. 6, p. 95–193.
FAU

30
x
)
(

60 15
( È
(

M Kirthar and Ghazij Formations, undivided

p

m gray, green, and red sandstone and subordinate Tkg

(

able or discomformable. Exposed in the Sibi- calcareous in upper part of formation. Diabase Mudstone melange unit (Upper and Lower

p
p

30 TKu 45 60
F 10 Humayon, Monsoor, Lillie, R.J., and Lawrence, R.S. 1991,

x
(
)

Qay
$

p (
$(

(middle to lower Eocene)—Isolated

FM
)
pebble conglomerate, and minor brown limestone. sills locally intrude unit. Formation was originally
N

Qay Urak trough in southern part of map area. Cretaceous)—Consists of blocks of various
M Structural interpretation of eastern Sulaiman fold belt and
F

p p
O

30
Tk 10
B

30
(

(
ý
M

M
Qao outcrop about 12 km east of Shah
DG

20
About 1,000 m for Urak area (Hunting Survey Sandstone is poorly sorted, coarse grained, gritty, named by Williams (1959) and designated as the
M p )
types of rocks surrounded by scaly mudstone.
ZHO

foredeep, Pakistan: Tectonics, v. 10, p. 299–324.

p

(
KJm
VALLE
F

? p
)
HA

KJm 10 25
Muhammad (fig. 2, loc. 17) in southwestern
F Corporation, Limited (1961) pebbly, and cross-bedded. Conglomerate contains lower member of the Shirinab Formation by Fatmi
) Blocks are as long as 100 m and composed
)
p

Hunting Survey Corporation, Limited, 1961, Reconnaissance

o F ) 10
KUM

)
F
)
t
R
-

?
M
Qb 65
( È
AND

( 30
Qd Qd well-rounded to sub-angular clasts of chert, limestone, part of map area (1977), but is now considered to be the lower
M

Urak Group, undivided (lower Pleistocene to

(

KJm ) QTu of mixed basalt and radiolarian chert, foliated geology of part of west Pakistan, a Colombo Plan Cooperative
(

F
15 Qao m Jc
F
(

F )
p

p
Y
p

)
10 80
and sandstone. Limestone is found only in the lower TKu Tertiary and Cretaceous units, undivided (lower formation of the Alozai Group. Exposed in north-
p Oligocene?)—Include in descending order Urak,
BEL

20
limestone, interbedded limestone and shale, Project—A report published for the Government of Pakistan

x
) ) )
p
ZAB

( m
( 40

p Qao
) )
?
F

5 20
È Eocene to Upper Cretaceous)—Includes
(

part of group. Lower contact is discomforable with

F
o

Shin Matai, and Uzdha Psha Formations (Kazmi central part of map area south of Muslim Bagh and massive limestone. Age of unit is Late by the Government of Canada: Oshawa, Ontario, Maracle
)
p

)
AN

35
) ) Tg
(

F
GHA

?
)
TKu Spintangi Formation which is not mapped separately six geologic units that are shown as undivided
(

)
M and Reza, 1970). These three formations were (fig. 2). Base not exposed. Approximate exposed and Early Cretaceous (Sawada and others, 1992).
Qay Tg 35
F GA Press, 550 p.
?
)

)
TKu LU but is included with Kirthar Formation (Tk). Equivalent, because lack of geologic detail. Includes the
Tg Ts ) ) ) ) not mapped separately. The basal part of the thickness 1,300-2,000 m (Hunting Survey Corporation, Thickness not known Jadoon, I.A.K., Lawrence, R.D., and Khan, S.H., 1994, Mari-Bugti
KJm SH
p
(

Qay
)
t Tk
F

Js ? TKu ) 80
TKu A ) ? Urak Group as mapped by Hunting Survey in part, to the Urak Group, Shin Matai, and Uzdha Siazgi Limestone, Rodangi Formation, Sanjawi Limited, 1961) Ultramafic and mafic rock unit—Consists of pop-up zone in the central Sulaiman fold belt, Pakistan:
(

Jc )
F
50
o p

M
p ) KJm 60 Jc
?
)
)

Limestone, Dungan Formation of Cheema

) HIL
KJm o 60 20 Qay 65 30 L Corporation, Limited (1960), also contains basal Psha Formations of the Urak Group (QTu). Exposed J^a Alozai Group, undivided (Middle and Lower ultramafic cumulate and mafic cumulate that Journal of Structural Geology, v. 16, no. 2, p. 147–158.
p

F
p

p
UT

Qao )
^

(1971), Karkh Group, and Brewery Limestone

x
mostly in the southern part of the Sibi-Urak trough,
F

10 p Jurassic and Upper Triassic)—In descending

(

ferruginous-argillaceous shelly limestone beds of

(

occur as tectonic slices. Typically, unit forms

)
Japanese-Pakistan Research Group, 1989, Preliminary report of
F
35 F F p
F
KJm
)
PALK M

15 )
M
o

Qd Tk the Gaj and Nari Formations. These two forma- southeastern part of map area. Hunting Survey (Hunting Survey Corporation, 1961). order, consists of the Loralai Formation and
) )

higher ridges than other units in the Bagh

M general survey on the geology of Balochistan, in Okimura, Y.,
)
p

?
80
60
) )
) )
Corporation, Limited (1961) report 7,190 m thickness Exposed around the flanks of the Sibi-Urak Spingwar Formation. Present in northeastern
)
tions are included as part of the Urak Group in Complex. No age data available for unit
M
40
and Fatmi, A.N., eds., Tectonics and sedimentation of the
p

45 Qd Mach
(

F
p F Qd ?
F in the Urak Synclinorium area (fig. 2) trough, but predominantly exposed on part of map area and south of Gwal (fig. 2, loc.

F
Tk 70 the study area because of scale and lack of Basalt-chert unit (Upper and Lower Cretaceous)— Indo-Eurasian colliding plate boundary region and its influence
pF
MF

F 10

)
DUNGAN ?
F )
Qb
F ) northeast side of trough
?

Qao Jc ) mapping information. In the Salt Range area, 10). The group was originally defined by Found on southeastern periphery of the Muslim

)
on the mineral developments in Pakistan: Hiroshima, Japan,
p M
TARAKH
p

10 TKu
20 Tk È
m TOR GHAR
about 350 km northeast of map area (fig.1), the II. FLYSCH DEPOSITS Siazgi Limestone (lower Eocene and Paleo- Hunting Survey Corporation, Limited (1961) Bagh Ophiolitic Complex. Unit is characterized

?
15
M Hiroshima University, p. 1–31.
(

F p 10
KJm
M

Qd
p ) p ) M Soan, Dhok Pathan, and Nagri Formations in the Tsm Khojak Group, undivided (Miocene to Eocene)— cene)—Light-gray limestone. Lower contact and included the Triassic Wulgai Formation of mainly by thick basaltic lavas and bedded chert, Kazmi, A.H., 1979, The Bibai and Gogai Nappes in the Kach-
F
$

)
30 F )
Tg 45 TKu
F
(
F

t is conformable with Moro Formation [locally

)

50 ? Contains the Shaigalu Sandstone and Murgha Fagirzai Williams (1959); the formation is now included
o

upper part of the Siwalik Group (Cheema and

)
TKu Tg micritic limestone, and hemipelagic mudstone. Ziarat area of Northeastern Balochistan, in Farah, A., and De
o o )
p

M
p Qay
F

15 ?
((

20
(

8
)
10 15
) ? others, 1977) are equivalent to the Urak, Shin Shale included with the Mughal Kot Formation, with the Khanozai Group Basalt is mainly pillow lavas, some massive lavas, Jong, K. A., eds, Geodynamics of Pakistan: Quetta, Pakistan
KJm
M )

)
15
p

)
Qay
^

M
Tk
p
40
)
upper most part of the Mona Jhal Group
(

Shaigalu Sandstone (Miocene and Oligocene)—Mainly

M
Matai, and Uzdha Psha Formations, respectively. Khanozai Group (Triassic)—Composed of the and volcanic breccia; contains a few limestone Geological Survey, p. 333–339.
Mastung
p
30
o
p

) ) ) ) )
F

(KJm)]. Exposed in northeastern part of

(( ((

Qb ) ) The Siwalik Group of the Urak Group represents light-gray, and greenish-gray sandstone interbedded Wulgai Formation and the underlying Gwal
F
5
Js beds. Pillow lavas are closely packed; individual Kazmi, A.H., and Reza, S.Q., 1970, Water supply of Quetta Basin,
(

20
Ts Qay ? ?
p )
@

Tsm 40
Jc
p o a different basin of deposition from that of the with green, gray, and pale-green shale. Sandstone map area, west and south of Chinali (fig. Formation. Rocks of these units were previously

)
Qd F ? pillows range from 10 cm to as much as 1 m in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan, in Records of the Geological
GE
25
(

Tn 25 10
M

KJm
p

is fine to coarse grained, locally gritty to pebbly, 2. loc. 15). Maximum thickness 310 m
MF F

included in the Parh and Alozai Groups by the

M F

Qd RI
D Urak Group; therefore, the Urak Group nomen- diameter. Basalt is considered to be tholeiitic Survey, vol. 20, part-2, Geological Survey of Pakistan, p.
(M (ý

^
KJm
F
Jc
F
(

^
thick bedded to massive, calcareous, micaceous, (Hunting Survey Corporation, 1961)
p p

Hunting Survey Corporation, Limited (1961)

(

15 clature is preferred for the map area. The Urak and shows mid-ocean-ridge basalt characteristics 95–140.

)
Jc
AL
F
p

È
p
M

Rodangi Formation (lower Eocene and upper

p rarely ferrugenous or carbonaceous, and exhibits
)

SIP Group is exposed mostly in northern part of the Wulgai Formation (Upper and Middle Triassic)— (Sawada and others, 1992). Locally, pillow lavas
x
(

m 45
p ^kw Khan, S.N., Younas, Mohammad, Kazim, M.A., and Hussain, S.A.,
Js
p 65
F

Qay 40 70 TKu 40
x

pp

15 15
Sibi-Urak trough (fig. 2) in central part of map cross-stratification and ripple marks. Shale is Paleocene)—Pale-gray sublithographic and Purple, olive, and brownish-gray to greenish-gray, are overlain by a 30- to 50-m-thick limestone
(

5 1986, Environmental geology, mineral, raw material and

( (

Qd
(

TKu
o

F
(

Ts
p

predominantly calcareous, in places arenaceous, marly limestone; marl, interbedded grayish-

F area well-bedded, argillaceous, noncalcareous, fissile and chert sequence. Bedded chert is red,
p

aggregate resources of Quetta Valley, Balochistan, Pakistan:

)
Tk 25 Jc
?

M
F
p

Tk
p
(

60
)

15 TKu green shale, and subordinate sandstone.

p and fissile to flaky, but locally blocky; locally shale interbedded with limestone and siltstone.
F

?
Urak Formation (lower Pleistocene and tuffaceous, rich in radiolarian fossils, and
F

50 p Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources, Geological

(

Qay
F F

Ts
( (

M
p 15
(

Qay
15 ) Pliocene)—Conglomerate, interlayered with sub- carbonaceous, containing lenses of lignite. Thin Upper and lower contacts not exposed. Gray to dark-gray, micritic, tufaceous, thin- to characterized by alternating thin chert and Survey of Pakistan, Records, Environmental Geology, v. 76,
M
BA

30
( (

5
Qay Js 30
Qao ordinate varicolored sandstone, siltstone, and beds of gray sandy limestone are locally present in Exposed west of Shan Muhammad (fig. 2, medium-bedded limestone at base. Upper
)

mudstone beds. Age of unit is Late and Early 44 p.

pp
MA

M p
)
Qay
(

60
(

t 20
KJm Tk Tg claystone. Conglomerate contains poorly sorted the lower part and conglomerate in the upper part. loc 17). Thickness 150–250 m. (Hunting contact is a fault contact and lower contact is Cretaceous based on radiolarian fossils in the
( (

Kojima, Satoru, Naka, Talahito, Kimura, Katsumi, Mengal, J.M.,

È
F
(

Tg 50
F M
m

)
Tk
p

Thin beds of gray sandy limestone are present locally Survey Corporation, 1961) a disconformity. Exposed in northeastern part
T

40
45 to well-sorted, subangular to well-rounded limestone and chert sequence (Kojima and Siddiqui, M.R.H., and Bakht, M.S., 1994, Mesozoic radiolar-
HA

Tn
)

p F
M

in lower part of unit. Limestone is argillaceous (rarely Sanjawi Limestone (lower Eocene and
M of map area southwest of Muslim Bagh (fig. 2).
(

t Jc boulder- and pebble-size clast of limestone, others, 1994). Thickness not known ians from the Bagh complex in the Muslim Bagh area,
(

M
IG

?
p Tk KJm
( (

Qao
(

20
p

Qay

)
Js
HR

30
25
sandstone, chert, and igneous rocks in a sandy- sandy) and fossiliferous. Conglomerate contains Paleocene)—Cream-white and light-brown Approximate thickness 180 m Hyaloclastite-mudstone unit (Upper and
MF F

Pakistan—Their significance in reconstructing the geologic

p
(
AR

p p 20
M
o
(

45
p
ZA

( Tkg 25 45 Qao Qd pebble-, cobble-, and boulder-size clasts of sandstone, limestone. Lower contact is conformable Gwal Formation (Lower Triassic)—Dark-gray
clay matrix. Lower contact is gradational with ^kg Lower Cretaceous)—Composed mainly of history of ophiolites along the Neo-Tethys suture zone:
KH

50
F

Ts
(

20 KAZANA TER
on rocks of the Mona Jhal Group (KJm).
o

Shah Muhammad Shin Matai Formation. Cheema and others limestone, marl, jasper, and igneous rocks in a sandy to olive, maroon, and greenish-gray, silty, non- basaltic volcanic rocks interbedded with siliceous
(

KJm Geological Survey of Japan Bulletin, v. 45, no. 2, p. 63–97.

(

F
p )
( Tk
F
60 Qd
(

F
70 5
o F TKu
p
10
(1977) reported that the equivalent Soan matrix. Lower contact is transitional and conformable Exposed in east-central part of map area calcareous, fissile shale interbedded with gray
(

60 mudstone and micritic limestone. Unit is divided Maldonado, Florian, Khan, S.H., and Mengal, J.M., 1993, Struc-
F

M
(

o o

x
p

)
p p
(

80
with Murgha Faqirzai Shale. Unit is 950–1,900 m near Sanjawi (fig. 2, 14). Thickness 60-
p
p

to dark-gray, micritic, platy, thin- to thick-bedded

p

p Qd
o 15
Formation is 1,500-3,000 m thick in the Quetta

p
in three subunits (Mengal and others, 1994):
x F(

( 40
Qao ( 20
45 60 tural elements related to plate convergence of the Quetta
F

pF
?

x
Qd
AR

125 m (Hunting Survey Corporation, 1961)

F

( Jc 25
area (fig. 2). However, a thickness of 470–940 thick in the Khwaja Amran Range (Hunting Survey, limestone. Locally includes diabase lava flows. upper, middle, and lower. Upper subunit is

p
Muslim Bagh-Sibi region, Balochistan, Pakistan: Geological
?

25 ) 20 25
p

)
M

80
Dungan Formation (Eocene and Paleocene)—
(

m may be more accurate Limited,1961) (fig. 2, loc 4); maximum thickness of Crops out in northeastern part of map area
p

siliceous shale with limestone. Middle subunit

p

40
? Society of America Abstracts with Program, v. 25, no. 6, p.
(

KA

Jc
M
(

)
Qb
D

40 30 Qd
) 55
M

6,250 m in the Toba Kakar Range ) (fig. 2, loc 5); Predominately light- to dark-gray and brown southwest of Muslim Bagh. Base not exposed.
(

Tg contains the following volcanic rocks as hyalo-

)
A-482.
AN

70 Shin Matai Formation (Miocene)—Composed of

p

30 o
) )

Jc KJm 65
M

o
N

Tn Tk limestone and minor dark-gray, brown, and

( 10 in the northern part of map area Approximate thickness 480 m clastite: volcanic breccia and minor pillow lava
M

TKu
p
(

a cyclic alternation of gray, light-gray, white, Maldonado, F., Khan, S.H., Mengal, J.M., and Jean-Claude
HB

40
KOHA
x
F

F
(

20
x
pM

olive shale; interlayered with nodular limestone

?

Murgha Faqirzai Shale (Oligocene and Eocene)—Pale- Permian limestone (Permian)—Isolated blocks
p

Pl and lava sheets, basanite, alkali basalt, and

SA

TKu reddish- brown, brownish-gray, greenish-gray, Thomas, 1998, Geologic map and Landsat image map of parts
p
(

30 30 10
) gray, greenish-gray, green, and pale-brown shale; in the lower part of unit. Lower contact with (olistostromes) of shallow-marine fusulinid lime- trachybasalt (Sawada and others, 1992). Lower

p
p

F and buff sandstone and orange, brown, red, of Loralai, Sibi, Quetta, and Khuzar Divisions, Balochistan
30 Qao 25
p
MF
oM

Ts Tk
(

30
o

Ts
WARO

15 TKu contains gray to green sandstone, pale-brown and the Mughal Kot Formation [uppermost
o

stone. Present in northern part of map area,

(

Tk orange, and yellowish-gray, claystone, and subunit is siliceous mudstone and limestone Province, west-central Pakistan: U. S. Geological Survey Map
x( x (

20 20 Jc Qd
^

) F
?

yellowish-brown limestone, and pebble conglomerate. formation of the Mona Jhal Group (KJm)] where enclosed by rocks of the Khanozai and
M
M

and conglomerate. Sandstone is fine to coarse intruded by basalts and dolerite. Age of lower I-2549, scale 1:50,000.
F

)
p

10
)
)

KJm Ts Qd
near the Mach area. Locally, contact with
p

Tk
oo Shale is calcareous and flaky; it is the predominate rock Alozai Groups (Japanese-Pakistan Research subunit is Early Cretaceous (Kojima and others,
p

grained, massive, cross bedded, calcareous, and Mengal, J.M., Kimura, Katsumi, Siddiqui, M.R.H., Kojima, Satoru,

p
F(

70 80
(

Tn Tg 65
(

pp
F F

Qay the Bibai Formation (Kb) is unconformable.

F

20 25
in unit and is more abundant in lower part. Sandstone
p

KJm moderately cemented. Claystone is calcareous Group, 1989). Interpreted to be of seamount 1994) based on radiolarian assemblages. K-Ar Naka, Talahito, Bakht, M.S., and Kamada, Kotaro, 1994, The
)

Qao Qao 60
p

25
Js 60

)
)

KJm Tk North of Quetta, contact is unconformable

is calcareous, fine grained, and present in widely spaced origin
(

dates of amphibole and biotite from volcanic

)

and sandy. Lower contact is transitional. Chee- lithology and structure of a Mesozoic sedimentary-igneous
p

25

p 25
Qay Sibi on Cretaceous and Jurassic rocks. Exposed
(

Qao 15
TKu ma and others (1977) indicated that the equiva- beds throughout the shale sequence, but it is more ^_u Triassic to Cambrian rock units, undivided rock range from 68 to 81 Ma (Sawada and others, assemblage beneath the Muslim Bagh ophiolite, northern
)

45
(

Tg Tg Tk Tg
p

Qao
(

40
)
(

30
along western and eastern flanks of Sibi-Urak
p

)
Tg abundant in the upper part. Limestone is shaley, (Triassic to Cambrian)—Shown only in cross
)

1992) indicate a Late Cretaceous age. Thick-

p Jc
p lent Dhok Pathan Formation is 120–300 m Balochistan, Pakistan; Geological Survey of Japan Bulletin, v.
F

Jc
?

25 ?
o
)

M
?

10
Jc thick in the Quetta area (fig. 2) argillaceous, and fossiliferous near base of unit. trough. More than 310 m (Hunting Survey sections. Thickness of units not known ness not known 45, no. 2, p. 51–61.
p

F(F
)?

)
p

5
?
(

TKu
Tg
F
(
p

p
)

Conglomerate contains pebbles of limestone and igneous Corporation, 1961) Salt Range Formation? (Late Proterozoic)—Shown
?

30 Uzdha Pasha Formation (Miocene? to Oligo Zs Ophiolite rock unit (Lower Cretaceous)— Mengal, J.M., Siddiqui, M.R.H., and Khan, S.H., 1993, Geology
(

Jc
FF
)

20
F

pF
M

50
KJm KJm 30 KJm 5 C Qd 55 p cene)—Greenish-gray, bluish-gray, red, sand- rocks near base of unit. Locally, igneous pebbles present Karkh Group (lower Eocene and Upper only in cross sections. Composed of gypsiferous Contains blocks of the basalt-chert unit and and tectonics of Muslim Bagh ophiolite complex, in 39/B2
M

KJm
p
(

85
stone contains interbedded and pale-brown, at base of unit. Parts of unit have been pervasively Cretaceous)—Dark-gray, brown, and black marl, salt, gypsum, and shale (Gee, 1945; the ultramafic and mafic rock unit, melange quadrangle, Zhob Valley, Balochistan, Pakistan: Ministry of
29°30'
)

(
)
(

Qao
(

Tk Jc
)

limestone, yellow-weathering marl,

)
FM

29°30' reddish-gray, and pale-orange claystone and metamorphosed to chlorite-sericite slates, schist, and Asrarullah, 1967). Exposed along southern with limestone blocks, plagiogranite, and Petroleum and Natural Resources, Geological Survey of
66°30' 67°0' Digital map version from Maldonado and others (1998). quartzite. Lower contact is conformable with Nisai conglomerate with clasts of limestone and end of the Salt Range (fig.1)
67°30' 68°0' 68°30' conglomerate. Sandstone is calcareous, medium sheeted dike rocks embedded in a mudstone Pakistan, Information Release 541, 11 p.
GIS datebase created by Lyndsay Hazen and Paco to coarse grained, massive, cross-bedded, and Formation (Tn). The Shaigalu Sandstone and Murgha chert, and marl-pebble conglomerate and matrix. Dolerite dikes locally intrude unit. Oldham, R.D., 1890, Special report on the most favorable sites for
VanSistine in 2010. Faqirzai Shale form a thick flysch sequence that filled a olive shale interbedded with sandstone and IV. INTRUSIVE ROCKS
moderate to poorly cemented. Claystone is Age of unit is Early Cretaceous (Komija and petroleum explorations in the Harni district Balochistan (with a
SCALE 1:250000 sandy and silty. Conglomerate contains Eocene trough. Unit is 468–625 m thick in most areas (Hunting minor mafic lava flows. Lower contact is TKc Chagai Intrusion (Eocene to Late Cretaceous)— others, 1994). Thickness not known plan): India Geological Survey Records, v. 23, pt. 2, p. 57-59.
limestone pebble clasts. Lower contact is Survey Corporation, 1961), but is about 1,250 m for the conformable with the Moro Formation Shown only in cross section A-A’, northwest Upper sedimentary rock unit (Upper to Otsuki, Kenichiro, Hoshino, Kenichi, Anwar Muhammad, Mengal,
5 0 5 10 15 20 MILES Khojak Pass area (fig. 2, loc.6) [included with the Mughal Kot Group of Chaman fault. Composed mainly of quartz-
variable and transitionally conformable with the Lower Jurassic)—Composed of green and J.M., Fatmi, A.N., and Okimura, Yuji., 1989, Breakup of
Gaj and Nari Formation. In areas (KJm)] near Mach. Exposed west of Mach. hornblende diorite, diorite, and granite maroon, fissile, siliceous shale interbedded with Gondwanaland and emplacement of ophiolitic complex, in
5 0 5 10 15 20 25 KILOMETERS Thickness 90-375 m (Hunting Survey (Vreenburg, 1901). Forms batholith that limestone. Limestone is gray to greenish gray Muslim Bagh area of Balochistan, Pakistan in Okimura, Yuji,
Corporation, 1961) intrudes the Cretaceous Sinjrani volcanic rocks and brown, micritic, and thin bedded in lower and Fatmi, A. N., eds., Tectonic and sedimentation of the
GHAZABAND-ZHOB

Brewery Limestone (Paleocene and Upper (not shown on map) (Hunting Survey Corporation, part and thick bedded to massive in upper part. Indo-Eurasian colliding plate boundary region and its influence
A A Cretaceous)—Chocolate-brown or dark- Limited, 1961) In upper part, limestone is sandy and conglomeratic on the mineral developments in Pakistan: Hiroshima, Japan,
GHAZABAND-ZHOB

gray limestone. Laterite locally present in

FAULT

KILOMETERS PISHIN BASIN TAKTU RANGE

(calcarenite). Age of unit is Late to Early Jurassic Hiroshima University, p. 33–57.
KILOMETERS
ZARGHUN NISHPA lower part of unit in the Ziarat area (fig. 2, V. OPHIOLITE, MELANGE, AND INTRUSIVE based on radiolarian fauna (Kojima and others, Powell, C.M., 1979, A speculative tectonic history of Pakistan and
5
KHWAJA AMRAN RANGE
5 C C loc.8). Lower contact with the Mona Jhal AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
MOUNTAINS 1994). Thickness about 500 m (Mengal and surroundings—Some constraints from the Indian Ocean, in
FAULT

Js ZHOB VALLEY TOR GHAR MALIK SALAR

FAU AGH

KILOMETERS KILOMETERS Group (KJm) and Jurassic rocks is uncon- Dolerite dike (Late Cretaceous?)—Dark-gray, others, 1994) Farah, A., and De Jong, K.A., eds, Geodynamics of Pakistan:
Tsm Qay QTu ?
Qay Qay Qb 5 5 formable. Exposed in the Chiltan Range greenish-gray, and light-brown. Contains Lower sedimentary rock unit (Upper Triassic)— Geological Survey of Pakistan, p. 5–24.
L-B

T A
LT

? SIBI-URAK TROUGH (fig. 2, loc. 11) southwest of Quetta, and

Tk Kmc ? ? plagioclase, pyroxene, and minor hornblende Characterized by interbedded greenish-gray, dark- Rossman, D.L., Zaki, Ahmad, and Abbas, S.G., 1971, Geology and
A

TKc Qb Js QTm
GW

SEA LEVEL ? Tg Kms K^b TKu Qay southeast of Kach (fig. 1, loc 12) and and ilmenite. Most of the dikes are generally gray, and maroon shale, and greenish-gray, thin- chromite deposits of the Saplai Tor Ghar and Nisai Area, Zhob
SEA LEVEL Qb Kmu TKu KAZANA TER
? Qay Gogai (fig. 2, loc. 13). Thickness 25-60 altered to chlorite, epidote, calcite, magnetite, to medium-bedded limestone. Shale is siliceous
Jc Tn ? Tg Valley complex, Hindubagh, Quetta division, west Pakistan:
TKu Tsm Kmm TKu Qay Qd m (Hunting Survey Corporation, 1961) Kdd
Tsm Qay Qd Qay and hematite. Dikes trend northwestward and and phyllitic, and may be either fissile or blocky; Geological Survey of Pakistan and U.S. Geological Survey
? Jal KJm Mona Jhal Group, undivided (Upper and intrude the Muslim Bagh Ophiolite complex,
TKu SEA LEVEL Ts SEA LEVEL shale is predominant lithology in lower part of Interim Report PK-51, 47 p.
Ts Lower Cretaceous and Upper Jurassic)— mainly the ultramafic tectonites (Kmt) and unit. Limestone is argillaceous or silty (calcilutite).
? KJm Jas Shah, S.M.I., 1977, Stratigraphy of Pakistan: Geological Survey of
KJm Originally defined as the Parh Group by the ultramafic cumulates (Kmu) of the complex. Unit is Late Triassic in age base on ammonites, Pakistan Memoirs, v. 12, 138 p.
5 5
Jc (Hunting Survey Corporation, 1961) but it Mengal and others (1993) indicated that similar Halobia sp., and radiolarian fauna (Kojima and Swada, Yoshiro, Hag, M.R., Khan, S.R., and Aziz, Abdul, 1992,
^_u Jc
T A was renamed and redefined by Fatmi and dikes also intrude the Bagh Complex (Kdb). others, 1994). Thickness about 500 m (Mengal Mesozoic igneous activity in the Muslim Bagh area, Pakistan—
Js TKu
T A Zs Jas Tk others (1986) to include, in descending order, Exposed in northeastern part of map area south and others, 1994) with special reference to hot spot magmatism related to the

?
5 Kmo 5
^_u KJm Mughal Kot Formation, Parh Limestone, of the Shob Valley (fig. 2, loc. 2). Dikes are breakup of Gondwanaland: Symposium on Himalayan Geology
CHAMAN FAULT

Jal ^_u
Goru Formation, and Sembar Formation; 1–15 m wide BASEMENT ROCKS Abstracts, Shimane 92, Japan, p. 42.
10 10 TKjd ? Tg
KJm may include the Bibai Formation below the Zr Late Proterozoic rocks (Late Proterozoic)— Vredenburg, E.W., 1901, A geological sketch of the Balochistan
Jas ?
? ? Jal Zs TKu Mughal Kot Formation in eastern part map Shown only in cross sections. Composed of desert and part of eastern Persia: India Geological Survey
Jc Jas Zs
KJm area. Predominantly exposed along flanks metasediments and igneous rocks Memoirs, v. 31, p. 179–302.
^_u KJm
10 10 of the Sibi-Urak trough
Js ^_u KJm Williams, M.D., 1959, Stratigraphy of the lower Indus Basin, West
Jal Jc Mughal Kot Formation (Upper Cretaceous)—
15 Pakistan: World Petroleum Congress, 5th, New York, Proc.,
^_u 15 Dark gray calcareous mudstone and calcareous
Zs Zs sec. 1, Paper 19, p. 377–390.
Jas shale intercalated with quartzose sandstone and
^_u
TKJd light-gray argillaceous limestone. Lower contact
15
^_u 15 with Parh Limestone is unconformable (Fatmi,
? ?
Zr Basement 1977). The Mughal Kot Formation is exposed
20 20 Zs in northeastern part of map area, southeast of
? ?
1 kilometer=0.62 miles ? Muslim Bagh (fig. 2) and the Ziarat-Kach area
?
Qay thickness exaggerated locally (fig. 2 locs. 8 and 12). Locally, unit includes
? Zr Zr the Moro Formation of (Hunting Survey
20 Zr 20
Corporation, 1961). Thickness 150–300
Zr m in the Kach area (Fatmi, 1077)
GHAZABAND-ZHOB

B 1 kilometer=0.62 miles. Qay and Qao shown as Qay.

65o 70o 75o 66 30’
o o
68 00’
o
68o 30’
CHILTAN RANGE QUETTA VALLEY MURDAR GHAR
Some surficial deposits not shown. TKu is equivalent o 67 00’ 67 o 30’
FAULT

KILOMETERS MASHELAKH SOR RANGE CHINA 31 00’

? ?
ZARGHUN B to parts of KJm. Part of Jal is equivalent to Jc. 4
IV
5
MOUNTAINS TAJIKISTAN KAB
KILOMETERS CHAMAN EXPLANATION
5 MKT FAULT GZ 40
? 2 Contact Showing dip where known
Qay Tk TB KB 35
o o
Js Js Qay 6 5 Muslim Bagh 16 ?
Qay Qay QTu LB Fault of unknown geometry May be thrust, reverse,
Qay II V
Tg GB or normal fault. Dotted where concealed; queried

.
SEA LEVEL Tg
TKu T 1 where existence or location uncertain
Tsm MM 9
SF

? o
SEA LEVEL Kabul Islamabad Normal fault Bar and ball on downthrown side. Dot-
Jc Tk o o
35 HF o Pishin 15 ted where concealed; queried where uncertain
?
TKu MBT
GF

Js SR T Strike-slip fault
o
30 30’ Dotted where concealed; queried
KJm W 10 A where location uncertain. Opposed arrows indi-
5
KJm SR
T 12 13
MKP 8 cate relative movement. In cross sections, T,
TKu Jc Lahore o
CF

Jc 5 movement toward viewer; A, movement away

AB III
KJm
( (
GZF

Js 19 from viewer
AB
GZ

Jc 3
Js ? Thrust fault Older-on-younger strata relationship
Js 30 o
T A SUR 14
10 ^_u TKu Quetta o Dotted where approximately located or concealed;
^_u TKu GB
Zs ^_u
KJm MB queried where uncertain. Sawteeth on upper plate.
10 o 11 Some faults (for example, Ghazaband-Zhob fault)
DI AN

KJm Quetta
Zs Map 18
SI

Jc
ST

TAN have components of both thrust and strike-slip

BI
A

30 o ANIS area o
KI

AFGH 75
-U

Jc movement
PA

Js STAN
IN

RA

I
PAKI o
30 00’ ) ) Thrust fault Younger on older strata relationship.
K

15
TR

^_u Js III
GZF

DF Dotted where approximately located or concealed;

O
PAK

15 Sawteeth on upper plate.

G

Zs MKP 7
H
ONF

^_u
IRA

IPB
IST

KR Anticline Showing trace of axial plane and plunge of

N

17
AN

axis. Dashed where approximately located; dotted

20 ? ? B where concealed
Zr Basement Zr 25 o
1 kilometer=0.62 miles. Qay and Qap shown as Qay. Syncline Showing trace of axial plane and plunge of
20
Some surficial deposits not shown. Js equivalent to parts of Jas. axis. Dashed where approximately located; dotted
o Karachi where concealed; quiered where uncertain
ARABIAN SEA Sibi o
25
o
o
Closely spaced folds Showing strike of axial plane
60 o 65o 70o Modified from Farah 29 30’
and others, 1984
0 50 KILOMETERS Axis of Sibi-Urak trough
Trace of bedding plane Shown schematically in
0 200 400 KILOMETERS
Figure 2. Structural domains and locations of structural, topographic, and cross sections only
geographic features within the map area. Strike and dip beds (Hunting Survey Corporation, 1961)
EXPLANATION
Observed
Eurasian Plate
MBT Main Boundary thrust
EXPLANATION
e Horizontal
Makran-Khojak-Pishin flysch belt MKP
MKT
Makran-Khojak-Pishin flysch belt
Main Karakoram thrust
Structural domains Structural, topographic, and geographic features
o 45
Inclined

x
Bela-Muslim Bagh-Waziristan-Ophiolite II Sibi-Urak trough (molasse deposits) 1 Pishin Basin
belt and Kohistan-Ladakh block MMT Main Mantle thrust Vertical
ONF Ornach-Nal fault II 2 Zhob Valley
Pishin flysch province (flysch deposits) 60
India-Pakistan block SF Sarobi fault 3 Urak Overturned Showing dip where known
SR Salt Range III Sulaiman fold and thrust belts (predominantly 4 Khwaja Amran Range
SRT Salt Range thrust marine shelf sequence) From photo interpretation
AB Afghanistan block 5 Toba Kahar Range
SUR Sulaiman Range IV Afghanistan block (intrusive rocks) È Horizontal
B Bela Ophiolite 6 Khojak Pass
CF Chaman fault
TB Turan block
V Muslim Bagh Ophiolite Complex and Bagh 7 Mach p60
Inclined

x
W Waziristan Ophiolite Complex (ophiolite, melange, and intrusive 8 Ziarat
DF Dalbandin fault ý
GB Gwal-Bagh fault sedimentary) rocks 9 Bagh Vertical
GF Gardez fault 10 Gwal
Ophiolite Thrust fault Sawteeth on upper plate. Opposed Overturned
GZF Ghazaband-Zhob fault 11 Chiltan Range
HF Herat fault Fault arrows show component of strike- 12 Kach CONVERSION FACTORS
IPB India-Pakistan block slip movement. GZ, Ghazaband-Zhob Multiply
Thrust fault 13 Gogai By To obtain
KAB Karakoram block fault; GB, Gwal-Bagh fault 14 Sanjawi centimeters (cm) 0.3937 inches (in)
KB Kohistan block Strike-slip fault
KR Kirthar Range Thrust fault beneath Muslim Bagh Ophiolite 15 Chinali meters (m) 3.281 feet (ft)
LB Ladakh block Concealed tectonic boundaries Complex Dotted where concealed or approximate. 16 Nisai kilometers (km) 0.6214 miles (mi)
MB Muslim Bagh Ophiolite Approximate international boundary Sawteeth on upper plate 17 Shad Muhammad
Strike-slip fault 18 Hamai
Figure 1. Index map showing map area and major tectonic boundaries of Pakistan and adjacent Afghanistan. 19 Sor Range
MAP A. GEOLOGIC MAP
Sibi-Urak trough axis
Fold axis or fault-plane trend
Greatest principal strain direction

DIGITAL GEOLOGIC MAP AND LANDSAT IMAGE MAP OF PARTS OF LORALAI, SIBI, QUETTA, AND KHUZAR DIVISIONS, BALOCHISTAN PROVINCE, WEST-CENTRAL PAKISTAN
By
1 2 2 3
Florian Maldonado, Jan Mohammad Mengal, Shahid Hasan Khan, and Jean-Claude Thomas

1
2011
U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colo. Graphic names and their spellings do not necessarily reflect recognition
2 Geological Survey of Pakistan, Quetta, Pakistan of the political status of an area by the United States Government
3
U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Va.