NERVOUS SYSTEM Facial nerve – both
Vestibulocochlear nerve – sensory
o Control centre of the body
Glossyopharyngeal nerve – both
ORGANS AND DIVISONS Vagus nerve – both
Accessory nerve – motor
1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
Hypoglossal nerve – motor
o Brain - 85 billion neurons
o Spinal cord – 100 million neurons DIVISIONS OF PNS
o Processes many different kinds of 1. Sensory/ afferent division
incoming sensory information (pain, o Conveys input into CNS from
smell, vision, hearing, balance, etc.) sensory receptors in body
o Source of thoughts, emotions and 2. Motor/ efferent division
memories o Conveys output from the CNS to
o Most signals that stimulate muscles effectors (para kanino)
to contract and glands to secrete
originate in CNS TYPES OF SENSES IN SENSORY DIVISION
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) 1. Somatic
o Pathway to brain o Tactile, thermal, pain receptor,
o Consists of all neuron tissue outside balance
CNS 2. Special
o Equilibrium, smell, taste, hearing
COMPONENTS OF PNS
a. Nerve SUBDIVISIONS OF MOTOR/ EFFERENT
o 12 pairs of cranial nerves 1. Somatic Nervous System
o 31 pairs of spinal nerve o Conveys output from CNS to
b. Sensory receptor skeletal muscles
o ex. Touch receptor in skin, o Includes voluntary actions
photoreceptors in the eye and 2. Autonomic Nervous System
olfactory in nose o Conveys output from CNS to smooth
o monitor outer/inner environment muscles, cardiac muscles and
glands
Hypothalamus- sensitive when it o Involves involuntary actions
comes to temperature
DIVISIONS OF AUTONOMIC NERVOUS
12 CRANIAL NERVES SYSTEM
Olfactory nerve - sensory 1. Sympathetic Nervous System
Optic nerve – sensory o Fight or flight response
Oculomotor – motor
o Ex. Increased heart rate
Trochlear nerve – motor
2. Parasympathetic Nervous System
Trigeminal nerve – both
o Rest and digest
Abducens nerve – motor
o Ex. Decreased heart rate
1
3. Enteric Nervous System o Tumor produced in glia cells
o Deglutition and mastication o Ex. Digodendroglion
o Extensive network of over 100 o Highly malignant
million neurons confined to the wall
TYPES OF GLIA CELLS
of the gastrointestinal tract
1. Astrocytes
FUNCTIONS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM
o Star-shaped cells that anchor small
1. Sensory function blood vessels to neurons
o Internal or external stimuli o Largest of all neuroglia
o Sends/ detects stimuli
TYPES OF ASTROCYTES
o Sends signal to brain
2. Integrative function a. Protoplasmic
o Making decisions in brain o Found in gray matter
o Processes info b. Fibrous
3. Motor function o More branching
o Illicit appropriate motor response o Found in white matter
o Either stimulate muscles to contract
FUNCTION OF ASTROCYTES
or secrete in glands
Support neurons
CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Creates blood brain barrier
1. Neurons ( isolate neurons from potentially
o Classified according to function and harmful substances in blood by
direction separating blood from interstitial
a. Sensory fluids)
o Respond in afferent Secrete chemicals to regulate
o Conduct impulses to spinal cord growth hormones and connection of
and brain neurons
b. Motor Maintain appropriate chemical
o Impulse away from brain and environment for the generation of
spinal cord nerve impulses (Ex. K+)
o Efferent Take up excess neurotransmitter
Play role in learning and memory
c. Interneurons
Influences formation of neural
o Impulse from sensory to motor
synapses
neurons
o Central/conducing neuron
2. Microglia
2. Glia/neuroglia
o Small cells that move in inflamed
o Supporting cells
brain tissue carrying on
o Smaller than neurons
phagocytosis
o Destroy foreign bodies in brain by
Glioma
eating them (similar to WBC)
2
3. Oligodendrocytes
o Form myelin sheaths around CNS
axons
Myelin sheaths
o Increase travel or conduct of impulse
o cause higher response rate
o known as Schwann cells in PNS
