STUDY GUIDE 1: MATHEMATICS 10
GRADE LEVEL GRADE 10
TOPIC/TITLE NUMBER SEQUENCE AND SERIES
WEEK/S: WEEK 1
Introduction
Sequence and series are very important concepts because of its many applications in different
fields, like in sciences, business, arts, medicine and even in our simple daily lives. Patterns are present in
nature and in the pandemic that we are facing. We use the tools of mathematics to solve many real-life
problems, like this COVID 19 or the simple problem of coming to school late or to avoid sequence of
unfortunate events in our lives.
For your performance task, I will give 3 tasks in which you will choose only 1. You are expected to
formulate and solve problems about sequence and series.
Learning Competency: The learner generates pattern.
At the end of the chapter, you are expected to answer the essential questions:
1. Where are sequences and series found?
2. How important are sequences and series?
3. How can outcomes of real-life problems be predicted?
Objectives : In this lesson, you are expected to
1. find the next number in the number sequence,
2. find the nth term of a number sequence.
Discussion of the Topic and Self - Check
A sequence is a succession of numbers in specific order. Each number in the sequence is called term.
In the number sequence 2, 5, 8, 11, 14,…, 2 is the first term a1, 5 is the second term a2, 14 is the 5th term
a5. The nth term of a sequence is denoted by an. The first and the last terms of a sequence are the
extremes. All terms between the extremes are the means.
A sequence can be finite or infinite sequence. A finite sequence is a sequence in which the first and
the last terms can be identified. The number of terms is definite. We can tell how many terms there are
in a finite sequence. The last term cannot be determined nor the number of terms of an infinite
sequence.
The sequence 2, 5, 8, 11, 14 is a finite sequence, where the first term and the last term are 2 and 14,
respectively. There are 5 terms in this sequence.
The sequence 2, 5, 8, 11, 14,… is an infinite sequence, where the first term is 2 and the last term
cannot be determined. The number of terms of this sequence cannot be determined.
1. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10,….. ------------------- infinite sequence
2. 18, 14, 10, 6, 2, -2 ------------------- finite sequence
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3. 3, 6, 9, 12, …..90 -------------------finite sequence
4. … 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 -------- infinite sequence
Go to this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0HzXapUel5Y. Read the process questions before
watching the video.
Process Questions:
1. How are the designs from around the world formed?
2. How are patterns formed?
3. Where can we see patterns?
4. How will you complete a shape or a number pattern?
( Source: PEAC DepEd Learning Module 2017)
For more information about sequence and its types, click this link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-rc5mTDt9E, then answer these questions.
1. When is a list of numbers called a sequence?
2. When is a sequence finite or infinite?
3. In what ways can you express a sequence?
( Source: PEAC Deped Learning Module 2017 )
Find the next three terms of each sequence.
To find the next terms of a number sequence, search for a pattern.
1. 4, 7, 10, 13,… The next three terms are 16, 19 and 22. Consecutive terms of the sequence
differ by 3. To find the next term, add 3 to the previous term. The pattern is add 3.
4 7 10 13 16 19 22
+3 +3 +3 +3 +3 +3
2. 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 16, 22,… The next three terms are 29, 37, and 46. The difference between the first
and the second term is 1, the 2nd and the 3rd term is 2, the 3rd and the 4th term is 3, the 4th and
the 5th term is 4 and so on.
1 2 4 7 11 16 22 29 37 46
+1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 +9
3. 4, -12, 36,…… The next three terms are – 108, 324 and - 972. The pattern is multiply by – 3.
4 - 12 36 - 108 324 - 972
x (-3) x (-3) x (-3) x (-3) x (-3)
4. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13,…. The next three terms are 21, 34 and 55. The next term is obtained by
adding the 2 previous terms.
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a1 + a2 = a3 (1+1=2)
a2 + a3 = a4 (1+2=3)
a3 + a4 = a5 (2+3=5)
a4 + a5 = a6 (3+5=8)
a5 + a6 = a7 ( 5 + 8 = 13 )
a6 + a7 = a8 ( 8 + 13 = 21 )
a7 + a8 = a9 ( 13 + 21 = 34 )
a8 + a9 = a10 ( 21 + 34 = 55 )
1. 5, 8,…an = 3n + 2 The next three terms are 11, 14 and 17.
From the formula an = 3n + 2 , where n is the number of term, use n = 1 to find a1, n = 2 to find
a2, n = 3 to find a3 and so on.
an = 3n + 2
n = 1, a1 = 3 (1) + 2 = 5
n = 2, a2 = 3(2) + 2 = 8
n= 3, a3 = 3(3) + 2 = 11
n = 4, a4 =3(4) + 2 = 14
n = 5, a5 = 3(5) + 2 = 17
For more examples, refer to your textbook, Next Century Mathematics on pages 3 – 4 .
As practice exercises, answer all odd-numbered exercises on Written Math A on page 14, and Written
Math B, # 11 and 16 on page 14 of the textbook. Write your answer in the answer Sheet.
Evaluation Activities
Answer all even – numbered exercises on Written Math A , Written Math B # 12 and 14 on page 14,
and Math Challenge A # 1 on page 16. Write your answer in the answer sheet.
References
Orines, Fernado B. , et al., (2019) Next Century Mathematics, Phoenix Publishing House Inc
Chua, Simon L. Et. Al.,(2017),Phoenix Math for the 21st Century Learners, Phoenix Publishing House Inc
PEAC DepEd Learning Modules 2017
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0HzXapUel5Y
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-rc5mTDt9E
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