International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking
Vol. 13, No. 3s, (2020), pp. 469–477
Analysis of Canvas Concrete For Canal Lining Over Conventional
Techniques.
Yash Ghotane#1, Saurabh Deshmukh#2, Roshan Dhage#3 , Ashish Singh#4, Ankush Kohale#5
#1-4UG Students, Civil Engineering Department, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune
#5
Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune
1
[email protected]
2
[email protected]
3
[email protected]
4
[email protected]
5
[email protected]
Abstract
Water resource is most important natural resource needed for survival and progressiveness of mankind.
Canal lining is the process of reducing seepage loss of irrigation water by adding an impermeable layer
to the edges of the trench. The conventional methods use for lining can cause seepage which result in
losses of 30 to 50 percent of irrigation water from the canals. The Concrete Cloth is a unique property
material because of which its fire and water proof. Concrete Cloth (CC) is a flexible cement impregnated
fabric that hardens on hydration to form a thin, durable water proof and fire proof concrete layer. The
Babulgaon dam canal is earthen canal had a water loss of over 0.33 m³ per sec. The concrete canvas
proposed for the site helps in controlling the seepage loss and only the initial cost of construction is more
than earthen lining and concrete lining
I. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Canal Irrigation is the most important and cheaper irrigation in India. About 85lakh hectare land was
irrigated by canals during 2008-2009 survey. The seepage losses from unlined canals in India have been
found to vary 106 m² of land in 1 second about 0.3 to 7 m³ i.e. 30%. According to analysis cement
concrete lining is more feasible than stone masonry and burnt clay tile lining. The drawbacks of concrete
lining is that it needs 28 days for curing and for gaining its full strength and a need of skill labour. To
overcome all this drawbacks an innovative versatile construction material “CONCRETE CANVAS” can
be implemented.
1.2 Concrete Canvas
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ISSN: 2233-7857 IJFGCN
Copyright ⓒ2020 SERSC
International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking
Vol. 13, No. 3s, (2020), pp. 469–477
Concrete Cloth is a unique proprietary material because of which its fire and water proof. Concrete
Cloth (CC) is a flexible cement impregnated fabric that hardens on hydration to form a thin,
durable Water proof and fire proof concrete layer. CC has a number of applications in the civil
and construction sectors. Other applications for CC include Roofing, Asbestos Containment, Water
Tanks, Flood Defenses, Shot Crete Replacement, Tunnel Lining, Retaining Walls, culvert, weed
inhabiting, basement lining, Erosion Control, Building Cladding, and Etcetera CC consists of a 3-
dimensional fiber matrix containing a specially formulated dry concrete mix. A PVC backing on one
surface of the cloth ensures the material is completely waterproof. The material can be hydrated either by
spraying or by fully immersed in water.
1.3 Case Study of Hingoli Village
Hingoli is situated at the northern part of Marathwada in Maharashtra. Borders of Hingoli are surrounded
by districts Washim and Yavatmal in northern side, Parbhani in western side, and Nanded at south-eastern
side. The Babulgaon Dam is located in the Sengaon Taluka on Hingoli district. The dam is handled by the
Purna Irrigation Division Hingoli. The dam was built in the 1979 and the cost required for construction of
the dam was 30.47 lakh. The Gross Command Area of this dam is around 576 hectare, Cultivable
Command Area is 533 hectare. The total storage of this dam is 2.448 TMC, the Live and Dead storage of
the dam are 0.302 TMC and 2.146 respectively. The length of dam is 900m and the height of the dam is
1176m. The canal is unlined earthen typed and trapezoidal cross section. The length of the canal 25km
and the opening from the dam to the canal is of 0.9x0.9m.
II. OBJECTIVES
1) To study irrigation canal at Hingoli, Maharashtra.
2) To study the discharge in irrigation canal.
3) Cost analysis of different canal lining.
4) To built a prototype of canvas concrete canal lining, earthen canal and cement concrete canal
lining.
5) To compare the three prototype of canal lining.
III. LITERATURE REVIEW
1. Article Name: Concrete Canvas: Solution Of Pavement
Author: Mr. Rajan Pandey, Dr D. Jegatheeswaran
Description: Certain test were conducted on the specimen like impact test, tensile strength test,
and flexural strength. For the impact test Energy absorption of the specimen was 8.8291J which
is more than 2 times of the conventional pavement slab.
2. Article Name: The Use Of Canal Lining Available Materials and its Comparative Study.
Author: Mr. Amrut Sangale, Dr. S.S Valunjkar
Description: Comparative study of irrigation canal lining by use of existing material. This study
reveals why irrigation canal lining and describes a number of various lining and their analysis.
There are various material which are adopting canal lining. However in our country as per
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Copyright ⓒ2020 SERSC
International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking
Vol. 13, No. 3s, (2020), pp. 469–477
environmental condition mostly cement concrete lining is popular, cost of each lining is different
than others.
3. Article Name: Effect of vegetation growth in drainage canals on water management
Author: Mr. Wilgert Veldman, Mr. Fredrik Huthoff
Description: In 2002 a new regulation was adopted in the Netherlands to protect flora and fauna.
As a consequence mowing of drainage canals will be restricted during the growing season leading
to vegetated canals that may hamper the discharge of water. In the summer of 2006 a field
experiment has been executed in combination with a model study to investigate the effects of
vegetation growth in the Fliert, a drainage canal located in the central part of the Netherlands
4. Article Name: A critical study of water loss in canals and its reduction measures
Author: Mr. Bikram Saha
Description: Water is a very precious natural resource. When this precious resource moves
through the canals certain part of the water is lost by seepage, evaporation etc. This loss is known
as conveyance loss. The conveyance loss was calculated experimentally by different researcher
on different canals around the world. In this paper author have tried to review some of the
research work and recommend an average water loss from the canal irrespective of the soil and
other environmental condition
IV. METHODOLOGY
4.1 Design of model:
Since the length of the river is too long and the depth is too short, so it is not feasible to develop
undistorted model and therefore, the prismatic distorted model was prepared. Since the model is distorted
model the ratio for depth and width will be same whereas the ratio for length will be different. The type of
model selected for analysis of project is undistorted type. By using the plans provided by The Irrigation
Department of Hingoli district the length and other parameters of the prototype are decided. The scale of
model is taken to be 1:4 for width and depth and with the scale 0f 1:1 length of 1km canal the 1m length
is taken as to actual section selected. With the help of giving adequate slope the actual site condition are
created. As given in table below we decided the suitable scale of 1:4 as it is feesible to make model.
Sr. Scale Depth(mm) Bottom Top
No. Ratio Width(mm) Width(mm)
1 1:1 700 1200 2800
2 1:2 350 600 1400
3 1:3 233.33 400 933.33
4 1:4 175 300 700
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Copyright ⓒ2020 SERSC
International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking
Vol. 13, No. 3s, (2020), pp. 469–477
5 1:5 140 240 560
6 1:6 116.67 200 466.67
7 1:7 100 171.43 400
8 1:8 87.5 150 350
9 1:9 77.78 133.33 311.11
10 1:10 70 120 280
Table 1: Scale ratios
Figure 1: Scale dimensions 1:4
4.2 Model Setup:
The base skeleton of the prototype is formed by the use iron rod. The steel sheet of 5mm is of size 1m X
1m is used to form base surface of canal .the sheet is molded into the desired shape as per dimensions
decided. This sheet is welded on the skeleton. At adequate distance holes are provided for the collection
of seepage losses in canal.
Image 1
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International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking
Vol. 13, No. 3s, (2020), pp. 469–477
Image 2
4.3 Cost Analysis:
The cost analysis is concerned with determining money value of inputs (labor, raw material), called as the
overall cost of production which helps in deciding the optimum level of production.
Formula:
Volume of Total Excavation = Area of trapezoid * 1,000m (length of canal)
= {[(B+b)/2] * h} *1000
Rate of Excavation = 300 Rs per m³
Total cost of Excavation = vol. of excavation * rate of excavation
Concrete lining:
Grade of Cement M20 (ratio 1:2:4).
Perimeter of trapezoidal section (P) = 2a+b
Total area over entire span = Perimeter * Length (1000m)
Total volume of concrete = Total area * Thickness of Concrete (15cm to 30cm)
Total cost of concrete = Total volume of concrete * cost of concrete per m³
Canvas Concrete Lining:
Size of CC sheet required = 1m * 3.4m
Number of sheet required = 1000
Number of bolts required = 4 bolts per sheet
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ISSN: 2233-7857 IJFGCN
Copyright ⓒ2020 SERSC
International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking
Vol. 13, No. 3s, (2020), pp. 469–477
Number of J hooks required = 2 J hook per sheet
Binding solution = 1L per 10 sheets
Total labour cost = approx. 35% of total material cost
Contractors profit = approx. 15% of total construction cost
V. Calculation and results
Calculation of costing:
Volume of Total Excavation = Area of trapezoid * 1,000m (length of canal)
= {[(B+b)/2] * h} * 1000
= 2 * 0.7 * 1000
= 1400 m³
Rate of Excavation = 300 Rs per m³
Total cost of Excavation = vol. of excavation * rate of excavation
= 1400 * 300
= 4,20,000/- Rs
Perimeter of trapezoidal section (P) = 2a+b
= 2(1.06)+1.2
= 3.32m
Total area over entire span = Perimeter * Length (1000m)
= 3.32 * 1000
= 3320 m²
Total volume of concrete = Total area * Thickness of Concrete (15cm to 30cm)
= 3320 * 0.3
= 996 m³
Cost of concrete per m³ = 4000/- Rs
Total cost of concrete = Total volume of concrete * cost of concrete per m³
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Copyright ⓒ2020 SERSC
International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking
Vol. 13, No. 3s, (2020), pp. 469–477
= 996 * 4000
= 39,84,000/- Rs
Therefore, total material cost = 39,84,000/- Rs
Cost of CC sheet of size (1m * 3.4m) = 5900/- Rs
Total cost of CC sheets = 5900*1000
= 59,00,000/-Rs
Cost of each bolt = 5/- Rs
Total cost of bolt = 5*4000
= 20,000/- Rs
Cost of each J hook = 15/- Rs
Total cost of J hook = 15*2000
= 30,000/-Rs
Cost of binding solution = 150/-Rs per liter
Total cost of solution = 150*100
= 15000/- Rs
Total cost of material = 59,65,000/- Rs
Observations of cost analysis:
Sr. No. Parameters Concrete lining C.C lining
1. Excavation cost 4,20,000/- 4,20,000/-
2. Material cost 39,84,000/- 59,65,000/-
3. Water required More Less
4. Completion time More Less
5. Ready to use 7 days 1 day
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International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking
Vol. 13, No. 3s, (2020), pp. 469–477
6. Total cost 44,04,000/- Rs 63,85,000/- Rs
VI. CONCLUSION
This study provides the detail of construction cost of variant of lining and its durability. Compare cement
concrete and canvas concrete. According to analysis in this topic canvas concrete lining is more felicitous
than the cement concrete lining. Cost analysis in the topic cement concrete lining more cost efficient than
the canvas concrete. Other parameters of canvas concrete make its easily useable material than cement
concrete.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This research is supported by my Guide Mr. Ankush A. Kohale. I thank my faculty members
from the Institute SITS, Narhe who provided insight and expertise that greatly guided study.
I would also like to show my gratitude to my HOD Mr. I. M. Jain for sharing his pearls of
wisdom with me during the course of this research. I am also immensely grateful to Dr. R. S. Prasad for
his comments on an earlier version of the manuscript, although any errors are my own.
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International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking
Vol. 13, No. 3s, (2020), pp. 469–477
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