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Electric Circuit Variables

This document defines key terms and concepts in electric circuits including charge, current, direct current, alternating current, voltage, power, and energy. It discusses units of measurement in the International System of units and provides examples of calculating current, charge, power, and energy in various circuit scenarios.

Uploaded by

Cyril Jay G. Ortega
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© © All Rights Reserved
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45 views18 pages

Electric Circuit Variables

This document defines key terms and concepts in electric circuits including charge, current, direct current, alternating current, voltage, power, and energy. It discusses units of measurement in the International System of units and provides examples of calculating current, charge, power, and energy in various circuit scenarios.

Uploaded by

Cyril Jay G. Ortega
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electric Circuit Variables

George Bernard E. Carlos , MEng

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering


College of Engineering and Design
Silliman University

(SU EE/Comp Eng) EE 22: Electrical Engineering 1 GB Carlos, M.Eng 1 / 18


Outline

1 Electric Circuits and Current Flow


Definition of Terms
Examples

2 Systems of Units
SI - International System of Units
SI Prefixes
3 Voltage
Polarities of Voltage

4 Power and Energy


Power Received or Supplied by an Element
Examples

(SU EE/Comp Eng) EE 22: Electrical Engineering 1 GB Carlos, M.Eng 2 / 18


Electric Circuits and Current Flow Definition of Terms

Definition of Terms
Electric Circuit or Electric Network
an interconnection of electrical elements linked together in a
closed path so that an electric current may flow continuously.

(SU EE/Comp Eng) EE 22: Electrical Engineering 1 GB Carlos, M.Eng 3 / 18


Electric Circuits and Current Flow Definition of Terms

Definition of Terms

Charge (q)
is the quantity of electricity responsible for electric phenomina
unit is coulombs (C)
can be expressed in terms of the charge of one electron

−1.602 x 10−19 coulombs

(SU EE/Comp Eng) EE 22: Electrical Engineering 1 GB Carlos, M.Eng 4 / 18


Electric Circuits and Current Flow Definition of Terms

Definition of Terms

Current (I)
time rate of flow of electric charge passing a given point
espressed as
dq
i=
dt
unit is amperes (A)
C
A=
s

(SU EE/Comp Eng) EE 22: Electrical Engineering 1 GB Carlos, M.Eng 5 / 18


Electric Circuits and Current Flow Definition of Terms

Definition of Terms

Direction of Current

current i1 is the rate of flow of electric charge from terminal a to b.


current i2 is the rate of flow of electric charge from terminal b to a.
i1 and i2 have the same magnitude(value) but have different
directions
i1 = −i2 or i2 = −i1

(SU EE/Comp Eng) EE 22: Electrical Engineering 1 GB Carlos, M.Eng 6 / 18


Electric Circuits and Current Flow Definition of Terms

Definition of Terms

Direct Current (dc)


current of constant magnitude

(SU EE/Comp Eng) EE 22: Electrical Engineering 1 GB Carlos, M.Eng 7 / 18


Electric Circuits and Current Flow Definition of Terms

Definition of Terms

Alternating Current (dc)


non-constant current magnitude and phase angle

Figure: a) ramp b) sinusoid c)exponential

(SU EE/Comp Eng) EE 22: Electrical Engineering 1 GB Carlos, M.Eng 8 / 18


Electric Circuits and Current Flow Examples

Examples
1 Find the current in an element when the charge entering the
element is
q = 12t C
2 Find the charge that has entered the terminal of an element from
t = 0 s to t = 3 s when the current entering the elements is as
shown in the figure.

(SU EE/Comp Eng) EE 22: Electrical Engineering 1 GB Carlos, M.Eng 9 / 18


Electric Circuits and Current Flow Examples

Examples

1 Find the charge q(t) and sketch its waveform when the current
entering a terminal of an element is as shown below. Assume
q(t) = 0 at t = 0

2 The current in a circuit element is i(t) = 4sin3t A when t ≥ 0 and


i(t) = 0 when t < 0. Determine the current in the circuit element
when t ≥ 0

(SU EE/Comp Eng) EE 22: Electrical Engineering 1 GB Carlos, M.Eng 10 / 18


Systems of Units SI - International System of Units

SI BASE UNIT

(SU EE/Comp Eng) EE 22: Electrical Engineering 1 GB Carlos, M.Eng 11 / 18


Systems of Units SI - International System of Units

Derived Units in SI

(SU EE/Comp Eng) EE 22: Electrical Engineering 1 GB Carlos, M.Eng 12 / 18


Systems of Units SI Prefixes

SI Prefixes

(SU EE/Comp Eng) EE 22: Electrical Engineering 1 GB Carlos, M.Eng 13 / 18


Voltage

Voltage

voltage across an element is the work required to move a unit


positive charge from the negative(-) terminal to the positive(+)
terminal
unit of voltage is volt V
equation for the voltage across the element

dw
v=
dq

(SU EE/Comp Eng) EE 22: Electrical Engineering 1 GB Carlos, M.Eng 14 / 18


Voltage Polarities of Voltage

Polarities of Voltage
value of a voltage may be positive or negative.
direction of voltage is given by its polarity (+, −).

voltage Vba is the proportional work required to move a positive


charge from terminal a to terminal b.
voltage Vab is the proportional work required to move a positive
charge from terminal b to terminal a.
V ab and V ba have the same magnitude but different polarities.
Vab = −Vba Vba = −Vab
(SU EE/Comp Eng) EE 22: Electrical Engineering 1 GB Carlos, M.Eng 15 / 18
Power and Energy

Power

is the time rate of expending or absorbing energy


expressed as
dw
p=
dt

p = power in Watts W
w = energy in Joules J
t = time in seconds s
power as product of voltage and current

p = vi
dw dq
= x
dq dt

(SU EE/Comp Eng) EE 22: Electrical Engineering 1 GB Carlos, M.Eng 16 / 18


Power and Energy Power Received or Supplied by an Element

Power Received or Supplied by an Element

(SU EE/Comp Eng) EE 22: Electrical Engineering 1 GB Carlos, M.Eng 17 / 18


Power and Energy Examples

Examples
When v = 4V and i = 10A. Find the power absorbed by the
element and the energy absorbed over a 10s interval.

Consider the element shown below with v = 8e−t V and


i = 20e−t A for t ≥ 0 . Find the power and energy supplied by the
element over the first second of operation.

(SU EE/Comp Eng) EE 22: Electrical Engineering 1 GB Carlos, M.Eng 18 / 18

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