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Equilibrium of Colanar Non Concurrent Force System: 0, 0 - No Translation

A rigid body is in equilibrium when the external forces acting on it sum to zero, resulting in no net translation or rotation of the body. For a system to be in static equilibrium, the sum of the forces in the x-direction, sum of the forces in the y-direction, and sum of the moments must all equal zero. A structure is statically determinate when it has three or fewer unknown support reactions, and statically indeterminate if there are more unknowns than equations of equilibrium.

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Subhajyoti Das
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83 views5 pages

Equilibrium of Colanar Non Concurrent Force System: 0, 0 - No Translation

A rigid body is in equilibrium when the external forces acting on it sum to zero, resulting in no net translation or rotation of the body. For a system to be in static equilibrium, the sum of the forces in the x-direction, sum of the forces in the y-direction, and sum of the moments must all equal zero. A structure is statically determinate when it has three or fewer unknown support reactions, and statically indeterminate if there are more unknowns than equations of equilibrium.

Uploaded by

Subhajyoti Das
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© © All Rights Reserved
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EQUILIBRIUM OF COLANAR NON CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM

A rigid body is said to be in equilibrium if the external forces acting on it form a


system of forces equivalent to zero. i.e. a system which has no resultant force or
resultant couple.
Hence the necessary and sufficient condition for a rigid body to be in equilibrium are:
 Fx = 0 ,  Fy = 0 ------------- No Translation.
M = 0 ------------ No rotation.
In other words, the forces acting on a rigid body if in equilibrium, do not impart
to the body , any translation or any rotation.

Translation: Motion from one point to another point is called translation.

Rotation: Motion about a point is called rotation.

Alternate form of equilibrium condition:


• A
•B
Consider three non-collinear points A, B and C. •
C
If  M A = 0, Resultant may be a force through A.
Now if  M B = 0, resultant if still exists must be a force along the line AB.
M C = 0 implies that the system is in equilibrium.
Hence  M A = 0,  M B = 0, M C = 0 where A, B C are any three points not on a straight
line.

Statically Determinate Structures:


For a system to be statically determinate, there must be no more unknowns
than there are independent equations of static equilibrium.

In a planar system, number of independent equations available are three, namely:


Fx = 0, Fy = 0,  M = 0

Hence the maximum number of unknowns for a planar system to be determinate is


three.

Statically Indeterminate Structures:


If the number of unknowns are more than the number of available equations of
equilibrium, the structure is statically indeterminate.

The unknowns are generally the support reactions.

R=T

Types of Supports and Reactions:


T
(i) Flexible cables, ropes etc. T
Tensile force directed along the cord and directed
away from the body.
W
One unknown force of known direction.

(ii) Action of smooth surfaces: W


A force normal to the surface of contact directed towards the body.
One unknown force of known direction.

(iii) Smooth roller supports:


Reaction force perpendicular to the surface on which the roller can move.
One unknown force of known direction.

(iv) Smooth pin or hinge support:


Prevents translation in any direction but allows rotation.
Two unknowns ; a force of known magnitude and unknown direction.

(v) Fixed supports:


It prevents translation and rotation:
Three unknowns; an unknown force of unknown direction and a couple.

o oo
o 90o M
RX
RX
R RY
R RY
R
Roller Support Hinge (pin) Support Fixed Support
Two Special Conditions of Equilibrium:

1. Two Force System

Statement: If a body is in equilibrium under the action of only two forces, then the
two forces must be equal in magnitude, opposite sense and collinear.
F2
Proof:
Consider a body in equilibrium under the action of two forces F 1 and F2 Ao
Since the system is in equilibrium,
 MA = 0 Bo
The line of action of F1 must pass through A
i.e. Line of action of F1 must be along AB. F2 F1
Also  M B = 0 since the system is in equilibrium. o
 The line of action of F2 also must be along AB. A
Hence the two forces must be collinear.
oB
Also  Fx = 0 ( x-axis along AB)
 F1 – F2 = 0 i.e. F1 = F2 F1
Hence the two forces have the same magnitude, opposite sense and same line of
action.

2. Three Force System.

Statement: If a body is in equilibrium under the action of three non-parallel forces,


then they must be concurrent.

Proof:
Consider a body in equilibrium under the action of three non parallel forces F1 , F2 and
F3 .
Since the forces are non parallel, let the two forces , F1
F2
say F1 and F2 meet at D. oA
o
Since the system is in equilibrium, B
o
M D = 0 i.e. the line of action of F3 must pass through D o D
Hence the three forces are concurrent. C
F3

Type of Loading (Applied Forces) on Structures:


(1) Concentrated load or point load. W
Assumed to act at a point.
R1 R2
(2) Uniformly distributed load (udl) or rectangular load
The intensity of the applied load is same throughout.
Equivalent point load W = Total load = wL
This equivalent point load acts through the C.G of the rectangle.

wL
w/m w/m L
2
L L L
(a) (b) (c)

Representation of uniformly distributed load Equivalent point load

(3)Uniformly varying load (Triangular load)


1
w/m 2 wL
L 2
3
L L

Representation of triangular load Equivalent point load


(4) Trapezoidal load w1L ½(w2 -w1 )L
w2/m L/2

w1/m

L (2/3)L
Representation of Trapezoidal load Equivalent point load

This can be considered as two loads. A udl of intensity w1/m and a triangular load of
intensity (w2-w1 )/m. Hence may be replaced by two point loads acting through their
respective C.G.

Example (13)
Determine the reactions at the supports A and B for the beam loaded as shown.
50kN 50kN (202)=40kN
20kN/m RBX RBsin35
A B
1m 1m 2m A 1m 2m 1m B
35o RBY RB
RBcos35
Free Body Diagram of the
Beam
 M A + = 0 i.e. 501 + (202)3 – RB cos354 = 0 RB = 51.9kN
 Fx = 0 i.e. RAx – 51.9sin35 = 0 RAx = 29.8kN→
 Fy = 0 i.e. RAy – 50 – 202 + 51.9cos35 = 0 RAy = 47.5kN

Example (14)
Determine the reactions at A and B for the beam loaded as shown.
34.64kN

40kN 6kN/m
RAX 5kN/m 8kNm
A 20kN B
4m 2m 2m 2m 3m
RAY

 M A + = 0 i.e. (54)2 + 34.646 + 8 – RB10 + ½(63)12 = 0  RB = 36.38kN


Fx→+ = 0 i.e. RAx – 20 = 0 RAx = 20kN→
 Fy+ = 0 i.e. RAy – 54 – 34.64 – ½(63) + 36.38 = 0  RAy = 27.26kN
Total reaction at the hinge A
RA
RA = 20 + 27.26 = 33.81kN
2 2

 27.26  27.26kN
 = tan –1   = 53.73o
 20  
20kN

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