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Lecture 12 - Design Analysis of Mat - Raft Footing

This document discusses mat foundations, which consist of thick continuous concrete slabs that support multiple columns. Mat foundations are used when soil conditions present challenges like low bearing capacity, uneven settlement, or high groundwater. Different types of mat foundations are described, including flat-plate, plate thickened under columns, waffle-plate, and those with walls or pedestals. The design process involves calculating loads, soil reactions, punching shear capacity, dividing the mat into strips, and designing reinforcement spacing. Mat foundations control settlement and are suitable for difficult soil environments.

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Asnil Prakash
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856 views19 pages

Lecture 12 - Design Analysis of Mat - Raft Footing

This document discusses mat foundations, which consist of thick continuous concrete slabs that support multiple columns. Mat foundations are used when soil conditions present challenges like low bearing capacity, uneven settlement, or high groundwater. Different types of mat foundations are described, including flat-plate, plate thickened under columns, waffle-plate, and those with walls or pedestals. The design process involves calculating loads, soil reactions, punching shear capacity, dividing the mat into strips, and designing reinforcement spacing. Mat foundations control settlement and are suitable for difficult soil environments.

Uploaded by

Asnil Prakash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MAT /RAFT FOOTING
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➢ These types of footings consist of large concrete slabs of (0.75m to
2m) thick and continuous two-way reinforcing at top and bottom that
support several lines of columns or walls.

➢ Mat foundation may be supported by piles in situations such as high


groundwater table to control buoyancy or where the base soil is
susceptible to large settlements.

➢ In general, the critical point to design a mat foundation is the total


settlement but not the bearing capacity failure.

➢ Hence, as a rule for rafts, the maximum permissible total settlement is


about (2.0 inches) and the maximum permissible differential
settlement is about (1.5 inches).
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USES OF MAT FOUNDATIONS
➢When the base soil has a low bearing capacity.

➢The column loads are so large such that the use of conventional
spread footings covers more than 50% of the total area.

➢When the soil strata are erratic or there is a soft layers of soil within
the subsoil profile.

➢When there is a large differential settlements expected to occur, and

➢If there is a basement and groundwater table problems and there is


a need to eliminate water infiltration into basement-type installations.
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TYPES OF MAT FOUNDATIONS

(1) Flat-plate: this type is most


common, less labour effort,
easy to construct, more
economical, and has a constant
thickness for all the raft; see
Figure below.
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(2) Plate thickened under the


columns: this is to increase the
punching shear capacity, without
increasing the thickness for the
entire mat; see Figure below.
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3) Waffle-plate: this type is


designed as a grid of beams and
slabs in one or two directions to
provide rigidity with a
minimum concrete thickness;
see Figure below.
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(4) Wall-plate: this type consists


of slab-wall interaction resulting
in a stiffer mat foundation; in this
case, check wide-beam shear of
walls in each direction; see
Figure below.
9

(5) Plate with pedestals: this


type consists of pedestals as
part of mat; to connect steel
columns with the mat slab;
see Figure below.
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6) Basement walls as part


of mat; see Figure below.
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DESIGN STEPS OF MAT FOUNDATIONS
BY CONVENTIONAL RIGID METHOD
Step 1: Calculate the total column loads
∑ P = (DL + LL)col.1 + (DL + LL)col.2 + (DL + LL)col.3 +………..

Pu1 = [1.2D.L +1.5L.L].col.1 ; Pu2 = [1.2D.L


+1.5L.L].col.2 ; Pu3 = [1.2D.L +1.5L.L].col.3

∑ Pu lt. = Pu1 + Pu2 + Pu3 + …………..


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Fig 1. Conventional
rigid mat foundation
design.
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Step 2: Determine the load eccentricities.

Refer to the diagram on the previous slide.


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Step 3: Determine the soil reactions


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Step 4: Compare the Soil pressure


Compare the values of the soil pressures determined in
step (3) with the allowable net soil pressure to
determine whether q ≤ qall (net).

Step 5: Determine the Depth


Determine the depth (d) of the mat by checking the
punching shear failure at (d/2) from faces of various
columns.
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Depending on the location of the column, calculate bo


(punching perimeter)

Punching area for mat foundation design


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Step 6: Divide the mat into several strips in x and y directions.
For example, referring to Fig.(1) mentioned previously, take 4
strips in y-direction with B1, B2, B2, and B1 widths,
respectively, and 3 strips in x-direction with B3, B4, and B3
widths, respectively.
Step 7
Draw shear, V, and moment, M, diagrams for each individual strip
using the modified loading (in the x and y directions).

Step 8
From the moment diagrams of all strips in one direction (x or y),
obtain the maximum positive and negative moments per unit
width (i.e., M = M / B3 ).
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Step 9: Design the Longitudinal and Transverse Reinforcement

Compare As with As,min and take the larger value for design.

Step 10: Design spacing for steel distribution.


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