Abstract of ASTM B63 1985, eas a ae ~ MATERIALS ELECTRODEPOSITED COATINGS OF ZINC _ ON IRON AND STEEL | tF1 Notes: 1. ASTI 9623 fs 2 spect 8693. 8699-85. 1. Scope. 44 This specification covers requirements {for electrodeposited zinc coatings applied to iron or steel articles to protect them from cor- rosion. It does not cover electrodeposited . zinc-coated steel wire or sheets (see ASTM ‘A591 for sheets). Ui 12. The coatings are provided in four stan- dard thickness classes (4.1), In the as-plated ‘condition of with one of three types of supple: mentary finish (4.2) 1.8. This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use, 2, Applicable Documents. (Refer to complete specification, see page M-28.) 3. Definitions. 3.1. Definitions of the terms used in this spe- ‘ification are in accordance with ASTM B374 tion developed through the procedures of ASTM. 8694 ia under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B-8 on Metall organic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of its Subcommittee 1808.04 on Zinc and Cadmium Coatings. Fa and In- 2. 8633 covers electrodeposited coatings of zinc on all forms of iron and stool products, including fasteners. This abstract omits those require- ments dealing with quality assurance and inspection, and 2 listing of applicable documents. For the omitted information, refer to the complete Values in 8639 are given in metric units. As a convenience, where ap- propriate, soft converted inch-pound equivalents have been added. Tho paragraph numbers throughout this abstract are those of ASTM 3. ASTM 8633-85 {s abstracted, with permission, from the Annual Book of ‘ASTM Standards, copyright American Society for Testing and Materials, 4916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19703 U.S.A. 4, Classification. 4A Thickness — The coating shall be pro- vided tn the four thickness classes defined in Table 1. 42. Finish — The coating shall have one of the finish types defined as follows: Type Deserption 1 Asplated without supplementary treatment |i With colored chromate conversion coatings i With coleieas chromate conversion coatings NY With phosphate conversion coatings 5. Ordering Information. 6.1 When ordering the electroplating of arti- cles, the purchaser shall state the designa- tion number, the date of issue, the class or service condition number, and the type. (See 4A, 42, and 7.1) 5.2 I necessary, the purchaser shall include ‘on his part drawings or purchase order the following: 5.24 Electroplating application to high strength steol, if specified (6.4), 62.2. Thickness, if other than specified (4.1, 7A),Abstract of ASTM BG33 1985 Table 1 Thickne: ELECTRODEPOSITED COATINGS OF ZINC ON IRON AND STEEL 188 Classes for Coatings [Classtieation® Wumber and ‘Comersion Coating St i Thickness, min Service Gondition®.© oe Folza 25 FelZn 13 Ferzn 8 Felza 5. 30 4 (very severe) 530 3 (savers) 50 2 (moderate) SO 1 (mild) % 3 3 5 ‘iron or steel with zine elec micrometres, See Appendix X2 roplato, Numeral indicates thieknees In Where service conditions are valid only for coatings with chromate conversion coating, Type Il for andse t 62.3 Location of significant surface (7.1.1, 74.2), 6.24 Luster (7.3), 6.2.5 Corrosion resistance test, if specified 3, 103), 5.2.6 Hydrogen quired @.4, 10.4), embrittlement test, if re- 627 Sample size for inspection, if other than specified, and 5.28 Supplementary requirements, if appli cable (Supplementary Requirement). 6 Materials and Manufacture. 6.1 The coatings shall be essentially pure zine produced by electrodeposition. 62 Defects in the surface of the basis metal, such as scratches, porosity, pits, inolu- sions, cracks, roll marks, and die marks, may advorsely affect the appearance and perfor: mance of coatings applied thereto despite the observance of the best electroplating prac tices. Accordingly, the electroplater's respon sibility for defects in the coating resulting from such conditions shall be waived, except when he is the prime contractor supplying electroplated parts. In this event, the basis metal shall be subjected to such polishing or buffing operations as are necessary to yield deposits with the desired final luster and ap- pearance. To minimize problems of this sort, the specifications covering the basis material on the item to be electroplated shall contain appropriate limitations 10 such basis metal conditions. ‘SC 4-and SC 8 and Type Ill for SC 2 63. Cleaning of Basis Metal — Proper prep- aratory procedures and thorough cleaning of the basis metal are essential to ensure satis- factory adhesion and corrosion resistance performance of the coating. It is recom: mended that the following appropriate ASTM Recommended Practices be used: B183, £8242, B254, B320, and B322. 64 High-Tensile Strength Metals — Uniess otherwise specified, high strength steals having a tensile strength greater than 1,700 MPa (245 ksi) shall not be electroplated. 6.5 Stress Relief — All steel parts having an ultimate tensile strength of 1,000 MPa (148 kl) and above, and that have’ been machined, ‘ground, cold formed or cold straightened, shall be heat treated at a minimum of 190°-G for 3h or more for stress relief before cleaning and electroplating. 66 Hydrogen Embrittlement Reliel — All electroplated parts having a tensile strength of 1,200 MPa (174 ksi) or higher shall be baked at a minimum of 190° C for 3h or more within 4 f after electroplating to provide hy- drogen embrittlement relief. Electroplated springs and other parts subject to flexure shall not be flexed before the hydrogen em- brittlement rellef treatment. The baking treat- ment shall be done before the application of the supplementary treatments. Baked parts shall not crack or fail by fracture when tested In accordance with 10.4, 6.7. Reactivation Treatment — Electroplated surfacos passivated as a result of the baking operation shall be reactivated before recelv- Ing @ supplementary treatment. Surfaces in- B61MATERIALS tended for supplementary treatments (Types and Il) mnay be reactivated by Immersion in fa dilute aoid solution, Surfaces should be activated as soon as possible following bake ing and should be handled carefully to avoid contamination. 6.8 Supplementary Treatments — The sup plemontary film treatment for Types. Il and It Shall be in accordance with ASTM B201. The treatment required for conversion to Type IV shall be in accordance with ASTM D2092. NOTE — the zino surface Ja attacked by supplemantary toetmants, thereby diminishing the amount of metalle ‘ine present. With Clasees Forzn26 and Faiznt, thie re Brun i Tealgalteant; but Ht 1s significant with Pend ag Foznb. Trorefore, itis recommended that supple frontary treatments not be applled to zine coatings Fave Inga eminal thickness Tees than Sym (.0002 in) 7. Coating Requirements. 7A Thickness — The thickness shall bo specified in accordance with 4.1 and 5.1, 7.2. Significant Surfaces — Significant sur faces are areas where minimum thicknesses to be met shall be designated on the appli- ‘cable drawing or by the provision of a suitably marked sample. Significant surfaces may be defined as those normally visible, directly or by reflection, which are essential to the ap- pearance or serviceability of the article when Sssombled In normal position; or which oan be the source of corrosion products thet deface visible surfaces on the assembled article. 7.4.2 Surfaces on which the specified thick- ross of deposit cannot readily be controlled, ‘Such as threads, holes, deep recesses, bases of angles, and similar areas, are normally ex- ‘Smpt from minimum thickness requirements, unless they are specially designated as not exempt. When such areas are designated, and thus made subject to minimum thickness fequirements, the purchaser and the manu: facturer shall recognize the necessity for cither thicker deposits on other areas or for special racking. NOTE 2 — The dimensional tolerance of most threaded Miislee, euch as nuts, bots, sorevs, and similiar fas, fanere wlth complementary Uiroads, normelly doos not KRimit the apolation of a coating. thickness much ‘Broater than 80 pn (0.0003 I). If heavier costings are re tired, allowance for the depost bulidup must be made ring the manufacture of the threaded articles. ELECTRODEPOSITED ON IRON AND STEEL COATINGS OF ZINC 7.2. Adhesion — The adheston of the coating ‘shall be such that when examined in accor dance with 10.2, the coating shall not show ‘separation from the basis metal at the inter- face. . 7.3. Luster — Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, a bright, sembbright, or dull luster shall be acceptable. 74. Corrosion Resistance — Zine coatings with Types I_and Ill treatments shall show neither corrosion products of zinc nor basis metal corrosion products at the end of the test period, as shown below, when tested by continuous exposure to salt spray in accor dance with 10.3. The appearance of corro- sion products visible to the unalded eye at normal reading distance shall be cause for rajeotion except that white corrosion prod- ucts at the edges of specimens shall not constitute failure. Corrosion Resistance Requirements ‘Woes “Test Perlad, hours i 98 m 2 7.8 Workmanship — The surface of the electroplated article shall be uniform in ap- pearance, free of visible coating defects, Such as ‘blisters, pits, roughness, nodules, burning, cracks, or unplated areas, and other defects that will affect the function of the Coating. The coating shall not be stained or discolored. However, superficial staining {hat results from rinsing or slight discolora~ tion resulting from any drying or baking oper- ation to relieve hydrogen embrittlement, ‘shall not be cause for rejection. On articles Where a visible contact mark is unavoidable, its position shall be that chosen by the pur- chaser. The electroplated article shall be clean aid free of damage. 8. Sampling. (Rofer to complete specification) 9. Speoimen Preparation. 9.4 Electroplated Paris or Separate Spe mens — When the electroplated parts are of Such form, shape, size, and value as to pro- hibit use thereof, or are not readily adaptable Abstract nfAbstract of ASTM B633 to a tost specified herein, or when destruc- tive tests of small lot sizes are required, the test shall be made by the use of separate ;pecimens plated conourrently with the ar- ticles represented, The separate specimens shall bo of a basis metal equivalent to that of the arlicles represented. “Equivalent” basis metal includes chemical composition, grade, condition, and finish of surface prior to eleo- troplating. For example, a cold-rolled steel surface should not be used to represent a hot-olled steel surface. Due to the Imprac- tleality of forging or casting separate test specimens, hot-olled steel specimens may be used to represent forged and cast steel ar- ticles. The separate specimens may also be cut from scrap castings when ferrous alloy castings are being electroplated. These separate specimens shall be introduced into a lot at regular intervals before the cleaning operations, preliminary to electroplating, and shall not be separated therefrom until after completion of electroplating. Condi- tions affecting the electroplating of speci mens, Including the spacing, plating media, bath agitation, temperature, etc. In respect to other objects. being electroplated, shall correspond as nearly as possible to those af- fecting the significant surfaces of the ar- ticles represented. Unless a need can be demonstrated, separately prepared spect mens shall, not be (used in place of produc- tion items for nondestructive and visual ‘examinations. 9.2 Thickness and Adhesion Specimens — If separate specimens for thickness and adhesion tests are required, they shall be panels not less than 26 mm wide, 100 mm Tong, and 1 mm thick (1 In. x 4 in. x'0.040 in), 9.8 Corrosion Resistance Specimens — if separate specimens for corrosion resistance {ests aro required, they shall be panels not less than 160 mm tong, 100 mm wide, and approx: Imately 1 min thick (6 In. x 4 in. x 0.040 in). 9.4 Hydrogren Embrittlement Spoctmens — If specimens are required, the configuration shall be that specified by the purchaser. 10, Test Methods. 10.4 Thickness: ELECTRODEPOSITED COATINGS OF ZINC 1985 ON IRON AND STEEL Ss 10.1.1 The thickness of the coating may be determined by ASTM Methods B487, B499, 18504, or B568, as applicable. 10.1.2 MILSTD-4312, Test 12, may be used for thickness measurements of electroplated fastener hardware. 10.1.3 Other methods may be used If it can be demonstrated that the uncertainy of the measurement with these methods Is tess than 10 percent, 10.1.4 Make thickness measurements of zine electroplating, Types I, Il, and IV, after application of the supplementary ‘treat ments. When ASTM Methods 8504 or B568 fare used, remove the supplementary treat: ‘ment prior to testing. The chromate film may bbe removed from Type Il and Type Ill coat- Ings by using a very mild abrasive (a paste of levigated alumina rubbed on with the finger) The phosphate coating may be removed from ‘Type IV coating by a concentrated (28%) am- monia solution that quickly dissolves the phosphate coating but does not attack the lunderlying zine. 102 Adhesion — Determine adhesion by any suitable procedure in accordance with ASTM BS71. 10.3 Corrosion Resistance — When speci- fied in the contract or purchase order, deter- mine the corrosion resistance in accordance with ASTM B117. Subject the solected sam ples to the salt spray test; the length of time to bo applicable for the type of supple- ‘mentary coating shall be in accordance with the requirements of 7.4. To secure uniformity of results, age Types il and Ill supplementary coatings at room temperature for 24 h before ‘subjection to the salt spray. 10.4 Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief — When specified in the contract or purchase order, prepare and test the satisfactory be- havior of parts to indicate freedom from hydrogen embrittlement. 40.5 Visual Examination — Examine ma- torial for compliance with the requirements of luster (7.3) and workmanship (7.5) after electroplating. MATERIALSELECTRODEPOSITED COATINGS OF ZINC Abstract of TERIALS a ASTM B fe eects ON IRON AND STEEL a : Roe ea — a — 7 11, Rejection ee 443 Preswvalin, pactaciny, ahd. pack 12. Certification. (Refer to complete specification for paragraphs 11 and 12) Ing methods for zincelectroplated parts. or articles employed by a supplier shall be such a8 to preclude damaging during shipment and handling, ‘SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENT The following supplementary requirement shall apply only when spe- ified by the purchaser as part of the purchaser’s order or contract and for all agencies of the United States Government. St. Responsibility for inspection. (Refer to complete specification) APPENDIXES. XC, SERVICE LIFE OF ZINC AAA. The service life of zine coating is a function of its thickness and the type of en- vironment to which It is exposed. While the conditions of exposure and uses of electro- plated metal are so varied that It is not deft nitely possible to predict the exact life of articles protected by a coating of a given thickness, those using zinc coatings can draw ‘on the wealth of practical experience at hand, supplemented by results of corrosion tests carried out over the years. As a result of large scale and long range tests conducted by ‘ASTM and other organizations, there is ex- cellent information on the corrosion behavior ‘of zine and zinc coatings. The following data, based on worldwide testing, may be used to X21 SC 4 — Very Severe — Exposure to harsh conditions, or subject to. frequent exposure to moisture, cleaners, and saline solutions, plus likely’ damage by denting, soratching, or abrasive wear. Examples. are: plumbing fixtures, pole line hardware. X22 SC 8 — Severe — Exposure to conden- sallon, perspiration, infrequent wetting by in, and cleaners. Examples are: tubular fur- niture, insect screens, window — fittings, builder's hardware, military hardware, wash: compare the behavior of electrodeposited coatings of zinc in various atmospheres. The values are only relative, since individual studies in various paris of the world have resulted in figures ‘which vary widely from these averages. Atmosphore Mean Corrosion Rate Industria 56 ymieer Urban ion induatit ‘or marino 15 sriyear Suburban 13 moar ural 28 jivear Indoors Considerably less than 05 wmvesr ‘Note X11 — The mean corrosion rate gven patlns to ino only and does not include @ carosion rate when zine Is Dasevated or in contact with other materials. ing machine parts, bicycle parts. 323 SC 2 — Moderate — Exposure mostly to dry indoor atmospheres but subject to oc casional condensation, wear, or abrasion, Ex- amples are: pull sheives, machine parts. tools, zippers, X24 SC 1 — Mild — Exposure to indoor at- mospheres with rare condensation and sub- Ject to minimum wear or abrasion. Examples are: buttons, wire goods, fasteners. 2. EXAMPLES OF APPROPRIATE SERVICE CONDITIONS AND DESCRIPTION OF SERVICE CONDITIONS | f 8-164