ISSN 2278-4500

A Research Awareness E-Journal By IPRH

Creating Avenues | Spreading Truth

2020 | Volume 9, Issue 2,3 | Page: 19 – 54

www.researchinhomeopathy.org
 Research Updates – Homeopathy by IPRH. Creating Avenues | Spreading Truth

Conceptualized, edited, designed and published by Dr. Saurav Arora

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 Contents
Editorial 19

Studies to Read
Fundamental Research
The Complexity of the Homeopathic Healing Response Part 1: The Role of the Body as a Complex Adaptive
System in Simillimum-Initiated Recovery from Disease 20
The Complexity of the Homeopathic Healing Response Part 2: The Role of the Homeopathic Simillimum as a
Complex System in Initiating Recovery from Disease 21
Evaluation of the efficacy of isopathic immunotherapy in the treatment of allergic asthma in BALB/C mice.
22
Dilution-Induced Physico-Chemical Changes of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Due to Homeopathic Preparation
Steps of Trituration and Succussion 23
Fibronectin Gene Up-regulation by Arnica montana in Human Macrophages: Validation by Real-Time Polymerase
Chain Reaction Assay 24
The Effect of Iodium 30c on Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis 25
Preparation and Standardization of Escherichia coli Nosodes Sourced from Select E. coli Strains 26
Characterization of Nanoparticles in 2X, 4X and 6X Potencies of Ferrum Phosphoricum 27
Ultra-diluted Folliculinum 6 cH impairs ovine oocyte viability and maturation after in vitro culture 28
Effects of Highly Diluted Drugs on Experimental Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi In Vivo: Systematic Review
29
Characterization of Antimonium crudum Activity Using Solvatochromic Dyes 30
Interaction between Solvatochromic Dyes and Water Sampled from a Natural Source Treated with High Dilutions
of Phosphorus 31
In Vitro Assessment of Homeopathic Potencies of Hydrastis canadensis on Hormone-Dependent and
Independent Breast Cancer 32
Verification of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Traditional Homeopathically Manufactured Metal
(Cuprum metallicum) and Plant (Gelsemium sempervirens) Medicines and Controls 33
Daily consumption of a homeopathic product decreases intestinal damage and stool bacterial counts in mice
challenged with Escherichia coli 34
Super continuum generation in water doped with Homeopathic medicines 35
The Influence of Ultra-High Diluted Compounds on the Growth and the Metabolites of Oriza sativa L.
35
Evaluation of Antihyperglycemic potential of homeopathic medicines Insulinum, Pancreatinum and Uranium
nitricum in Streptozotocin Induced diabetic Rats. 36
Extreme dilutions of mercuric chloride produce longer binding interaction with ?-amylase as compared to blank
solvents 37

Clinical Research
Development of a Prognostic Factor Prediction Model in Patients with Musculoskeletal Pain Treated with
Homeopathy: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of Three Randomized Clinical Trials 38
Individualized Homeopathic Medicines in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled
Trial 39
Recommendations for Designing, Conducting and Reporting Observational Studies in Homeopathy 40
Outcomes and effects of homeopathic treatment of malaria in Kenya, a multi-centre study 41
A systematic review on the efficacies and therapeutic interventions of homoeopathic medicines in combating viral
disorders with implications in the currently undergoing homoeopathic treatment efforts of SARS-CoV-2 infection
(COVID-19) 42
 Contents
Review
The Need for Multidisciplinary Research within the History and Theory of Homeopathy 43
A Review of Preclinical Research on the Effects of Photodynamic Therapy and Homeopathic Medicine on Cancer
Cells 44
The Hydra-Headed Coronaviruses: Implications of COVID-19 for Homeopathy 45
What Future for Hahnemann's Therapeutic System? 45

Case Reports
The Experience of an Italian Public Homeopathy Clinic during the COVID-19 Epidemic, March-May 2020
46
My best case: homeopathic management of adverse effects of tamoxifen 47
Two Case Reports of Integrated Management of Antibiotic-Resistant Urinary Tract Infection 48
Thlaspi Bursa Pastoris in Treatment of Urinary Stones: A Case Series 49
Homeopathic Clinical Features of 18 Patients in COVID-19 Outbreaks in Hong Kong 50
Pituitary Microadenoma Treated with Individualized Homeopathic Medicine: A Case Report 51

Veterinary
[Effects of a homeopathic medication on clinical signs of canine atopic dermatitis] 52
Anxiolytic activity of ultra-diluted Aconitum napellus on Wistar rats 53

Drug Proving
A Qualitative Investigation of Provers' Experiences of Participation in Homeopathic Pathogenetic Trials
54

Survey
An online cross-sectional survey on knowledge, attitudes, practices and perspectives of homoeopathic practitioners
towards COVID-19 55

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 Research Updates – Homeopathy by IPRH. Creating Avenues | Spreading Truth

Research takes a new turn every moment. It is us who need to keep a pace
between the kind of research we undertake and the purpose of doing it.

The Covid has put a lot of challenges before us, including accepting the new
digitization and rational use of resources and time. Research is not far from this.
Research is something which not everybody undertake but many of us wants to
keep ourselves updated without leaving our comfort zone. To keep the pace of
research understanding, now onwards, you would be able to listen the important
research updates in homeopathy as Podcast too! The option is aimed to sensitize
more people regarding the latest developments in research in homeopathy. In an
era where many things have been changing, time management becomes a key
factor. Many a times it happens that we do not wish to engage too much on
screen yet want to keep ourselves updated. Podcast is the key!

It would be a sincere endeavor to let the readers of IPRH and Research Updates to
keep abreast with latest in research in homeopathy both via regular electronic
issues as well as Podcast of each issue. Starting this issue you can listen updates as
Podcast on major podcast channels like
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Etc.

The move is to bring the motivation, clarity and accepting challenge for a new
journey. I would like to receive your feedback for this initiative. Please write your
thoughts at [email protected]

Have a great, safe and healthy day.

Regards,
Dr Saurav Arora

(c) IPRH | Research Updates – Homeopathy | Read Online at www.researchinhomeopathy.org | Vol 9 Issue 2,3 Page 19
 Research Updates – Homeopathy by IPRH. Creating Avenues | Spreading Truth

Studies to be Read
Abstracts of peer-reviewed studies published during May – Sep 2020. The original links are provided
with each article. For citations, original links, authors and journals should be referred.

Fundamental Research

The Complexity of the Homeopathic Healing Response Part 1: The Role of the Body
as a Complex Adaptive System in Simillimum-Initiated Recovery from Disease
Homeopathy, 2020 May;109(2):42-50.

Abstract
Background: The concepts of complex systems science enhance the understanding of
how people develop and recover from disease. Living systems (human beings, animals,
and plants) are self-organizing complex adaptive systems (CAS): that is, interconnected
networks. CAS maintain life by initiating and carrying out non-linear dynamical changes to
optimize survival fitness and function in the context of an ever-changing environment.

Aims: In Part 1 of this two-part paper, we relate concepts from complex systems science to
homeopathic healing. The systemic changes of homeopathic healing involve adaptive
patterns of responses to salient signals (similia) for reversing disease patterns and
generating emergent multi-symptom healing over time.

Methods and results: This narrative review relates homeopathic clinical practice theory to
complex systems and network research. Homeopathic medicines communicate
individually salient environmental information to the organism, with effects that are multi-
system and indirect. The body's defense mechanisms recognize the self-similar information
that the correctly chosen simillimum medicine at low dose conveys as a weak
external/internal environmental stressor or danger signal (hormetin) to mobilize neural and
cellular defenses. The body networks then use endogenous cell to cell signaling and
amplify the small magnitude signal information. The results are disproportionately large:
that is, non-linear, adaptive, modifications across the inter-connected self-organized
biological networks/sub-systems of the body. CAS amplification mechanisms for small or
weak signals include stochastic resonance, time-dependent sensitization, and hormesis.

Conclusions: The body as a complex system has the capacity for self-organization,
emergence and self-similarity over global (overall health and wellbeing) and local (organ)
levels of organization. These features are key for future research on the systemic healing
that evolves over time during individualized homeopathic treatment.

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785596/

(c) IPRH | Research Updates – Homeopathy | Read Online at www.researchinhomeopathy.org | Vol 9 Issue 2,3 Page 20
 Research Updates – Homeopathy by IPRH. Creating Avenues | Spreading Truth

The Complexity of the Homeopathic Healing Response Part 2: The Role of the
Homeopathic Simillimum as a Complex System in Initiating Recovery from Disease
Homeopathy. 2020 May;109(2):51-64.

Abstract
Background: Evidence indicates that homeopathic medicines are complex self-
organizing nano-scale systems that generate unique low-intensity electromagnetic
signals and/or quantum coherence domains. In Part 1, we reviewed relevant
concepts from complex adaptive systems science on living systems for the nature of
homeopathic healing.

Aim: In Part 2, we discuss the complex-system nature of homeopathic medicines.

The aim is to relate the evidence on the nature and properties of homeopathic
medicines to the complex systems model for homeopathic healing.

Methods and results: The work is a narrative review, with complexity model
development for the nature of homeopathic medicines. Studies suggest that
homeopathic manufacturing generates nano-structures of source material, silica
and silicon quantum dots if succussed in glassware or including botanical source
materials; or carbon quantum dots if succussed in plastic or including any organic
source materials, as well as solute-induced water nano-structures carrying medicine-
specific information. On contact with physiological fluids (e.g., blood plasma), there
is evidence that nano-structures additionally adsorb individualized patterns of the
recipient's own proteins on to their surfaces to create a unique protein corona coat
(shell). Thus, the simillimum may generate a personalized biological identity upon
administration. Consequently, a medicine can serve as an individually salient, self-
similar information carrier, whose protein corona constituent pattern reflects the
individual's current internal state of health/disease. Homeopathic medicine
complexity emerges from interactions of the component parts from source, silica
from glassware or carbon from plastic containers, solvents (lactose, water, ethanol),
adsorbed biomolecule layers from plant or animal sources, and adsorbed
biomolecules of the recipient. Low doses of these complex medicines can act as
biological signaling agents to initiate hormesis via a network-wide pattern of
adaptive responses by the recipient complex adaptive system, rather than as
conventional pharmaceutical drugs. Biological mediators of adaptive responses
include inter-connected network elements of the cell danger/damage defense
system: for example, gene expression, reactive oxygen species, heat shock proteins,
cytokines, macrophages, T-cells, and associated brain-immune system mediator
pathways.

Conclusions: Every homeopathic medicine is a complex nano-scale system involving

multiple inter-connected, interacting components, and emergent properties.
Simillimum individualization derives from formation of a unique personalized protein
corona shell adsorbed to the reactive surface of the homeopathic nano-structures
on contact with the recipient's body fluids. Low doses of such complex nano-
structures initiate the adaptive processes of hormesis to mobilize endogenous
healing of a disease state. The capacity for self-organization and self-similarity in
complex systems is the key to future research on the nature of homeopathic
medicines and systemic healing during individualized homeopathic treatment.
Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31785597/

(c) IPRH | Research Updates – Homeopathy | Read Online at www.researchinhomeopathy.org | Vol 9 Issue 2,3 Page 21
 Research Updates – Homeopathy by IPRH. Creating Avenues | Spreading Truth

Evaluation of the efficacy of isopathic immunotherapy in the treatment of allergic

asthma in BALB/C mice.
J Asthma 2020 Jun;57(6):670-679.

Abstract

Introduction: Homeopathy is a therapeutic method based on the fundamental

principle of "like cures like." Homeopathic remedies are extremely dilute but
involve vigorous shaking at each dilution. Isopathy is one approach of
homeopathy, in which the causative agents or products of a disease are used
to treat the same disease. Allergen immunotherapy is the only potential disease-
modifying treatment for allergic patients. Subcutaneous immunotherapy is more
effective than sublingual immunotherapy. However, subcutaneous
immunotherapy is ineffective at a low dose, whereas at high doses it can result
in an unacceptably high frequency of systemic reactions. In the current study,
we evaluated the efficacy of isopathic immunotherapy with highly diluted
ovalbumin (HD OVA) in the treatment of OVA-induced allergic asthma in BALB/c
mice.

Methods: BALB/c mice were sensitized with OVA and alum. Two weeks later, the
mice received HD OVA on days 21, 22, 32 and 41 (8 h after the last challenge) of
the treatment. The mice were challenged with OVA (5%) aerosols on days 35, 38
and 41 for 20 minutes using an ultrasonic nebulizer and sacrificed the next day.

Results: Isopathic immunotherapy significantly reduced lung tissue inflammation,

the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar fluid, allergen-specific IgE and
interleukin-4 production. It also insignificantly increased the production of
transforming growth factor-beta and proliferation of regulatory T cells against
the allergen.

Conclusion: Isopathic immunotherapy may be a good candidate treatment for

allergic asthma.

Keywords: Asthma; allergy; homeopathy; immunotherapy; inflammation;

isopathic immunotherapy.

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30943821/

Image Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/7tTQ6oRXRHbRswr38

(c) IPRH | Research Updates – Homeopathy | Read Online at www.researchinhomeopathy.org | Vol 9 Issue 2,3 Page 22
 Research Updates – Homeopathy by IPRH. Creating Avenues | Spreading Truth

Dilution-Induced Physico-Chemical Changes of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Due

to Homeopathic Preparation Steps of Trituration and Succussion
Homeopathy, 2020 May;109(2):65-78.

Abstract

Background: Although the presence of starting materials in extreme dilutions of

homeopathic medicines has been established, the physico-chemical changes
of these materials induced by the manufacturing steps-that is, solid-solid mixing
involving grinding (trituration) and slurry mixing involving impact (succussion),
followed by dilution-are still unknown.

Methods: We subjected cupric oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) to the
homeopathic processes of trituration and succussion, followed by dilution up to 6
cH. Particle image velocimetry was employed to analyze the fluid motion during
succussion and its effect on the NPs. The resulting microstructural and chemical
changes at different dilution steps were determined by X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron
microscopy.

Results: The succussion triggered multi-sized bubble generation and turbulent

fluid motion up to a duration of 400 ms, with maximum average velocity of 0.23
m/s. Due to 1% transfer of kinetic energy from a moving eddy with this velocity,
upon collision, the rate of temperature change in a particle of size 1 µm and 1
nm was predicted to rise by approximately 102 K/s and 106 K/s respectively.
During trituration, the oxide NPs reduced to metals and did not aggregate by
remaining within lactose, but they converted to oxidized finer NPs after impact.
Silicate chains leached from the vial cross-linked after third dilution, forming large
macro-particles and encapsulating the NPs that were retained and carried at
higher dilution steps.

Conclusion: The results showed that the NPs sustained significant rate of
temperature change due to energy transfer from moving eddies during
succussion. Different physico-chemical changes, such as size reduction,
successive reduction and oxidation of NPs, and morphological changes, were
achieved through trituration and succussion. The retention of NPs within cross-
linked poly-siloxane chains reveals the importance of both the borosilicate glass
vial and the ethanol solution during preparation of homeopathic medicines.

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31652463/

Image Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/6TDGJ8frmiCvvcBD9

(c) IPRH | Research Updates – Homeopathy | Read Online at www.researchinhomeopathy.org | Vol 9 Issue 2,3 Page 23
 Research Updates – Homeopathy by IPRH. Creating Avenues | Spreading Truth

Fibronectin Gene Up-regulation by Arnica montana in Human Macrophages:

Validation by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay
Homeopathy, 2020 Aug;109(3):140-145.

Abstract
Background and aim: Arnica montana L. (Arnica m.) is a popular traditional
medicine, used for its therapeutic properties in healing traumas, but little is
known about its biological action on tissue formation and repair. This new work
tested the effects of Arnica m. homeopathic dilutions on human macrophages,
key cells in tissue defence and repair.

Materials and methods: Macrophages derived from the THP-1 cell line were
differentiated with interleukin-4 to induce a 'wound-healing'-like phenotype, and
treated with various dilutions of Arnica m. centesimal (100 times) dilutions (2c, 3c,
5c, 9c, and 15c) or control solvent for 24 hours. RNA samples from cultured cells
were analysed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in five
separate experiments.

Results: Arnica montana at the 2c dilution (final concentration of sesquiterpene

lactones in cell culture = 10-8 mol/L) significantly stimulated the expression of
three genes which code for regulatory proteins of the extracellular matrix,
namely FN1 (fibronectin 1, % increase of 21.8 ± standard error of the mean 4.6),
low-density lipoprotein-receptor-related protein 1 (% increase of 33.4 ± 6.1) and
heparan sulphate proteoglycan 2 (% increase of 21.6 ± 9.1). Among these genes,
the most quantitatively expressed was FN1. In addition, FN1, unlike other
candidate genes, was upregulated in cells treated with higher
dilutions/dynamisations (3c, 5c, and 15c) of Arnica m.

Conclusion: The results support evidence that the extracellular matrix is a

potential therapeutic target of Arnica m., with positive effects on cell adhesion
and migration during tissue development and healing.

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32311747/

Image Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/oVonc7DKLquc1QWv5

(c) IPRH | Research Updates – Homeopathy | Read Online at www.researchinhomeopathy.org | Vol 9 Issue 2,3 Page 24
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The Effect of Iodium 30c on Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis

Homeopathy, 2020 Aug 21.

Abstract

Background: Leishmaniasis is one of several neglected tropical diseases that

warrant serious attention. A disease of socio-economically poor people, it
demands safer and cheaper drugs that help to overcome the limitations faced
by the existing anti-leishmanials. Complementary or traditional medicines might
be a good option, with an added advantage that resistance may not develop
against these drugs. Thus, the present investigation was performed to evaluate
the anti-leishmanial efficacy of an ultra-diluted homeopathic medicine (Iodium
30c) in experimental visceral leishmaniasis (VL).

Methods: Compliant with strict ethical standards in animal experimentation, the

study was performed in-vivo in inbred BALB/c mice which were injected
intravenously with 1 × 107 promastigotes of Leishmania donovani before
(therapeutic) or after (prophylactic) treatment with Iodium 30c for 30 days. In
other groups of mice (n = 6 per group), amphotericin B served as positive
control, infected animals as the disease control, while the naïve controls
included normal animals; animals receiving only Iodium 30c or Alcohol 30c
served as sham controls. The anti-leishmanial efficacy was assessed by
determining the hepatic parasite load and analysing percentages of CD4+ and
CD8+ T cells. Biochemical analysis and histological studies were performed to
check any toxicities.

Results: Iodium-treated animals showed a significantly reduced parasite load (to

1503 ± 39 Leishman Donovan Units, LDU) as compared with the infected controls
(4489 ± 256 LDU) (p < 0.05): thus, the mean therapeutic efficacy of Iodium 30c
was 66.5%. In addition, the population of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was significantly
increased (p < 0.05) after treatment. No toxicity was observed, as evidenced
from biochemical and histopathological studies of the liver and kidneys. Efficacy
of Iodium 30c prophylaxis was 58.3%, while the therapeutic efficacy of
amphotericin B was 85.9%.

Conclusion: This original study has shown that Iodium 30c had significant impact
in controlling parasite replication in experimental VL, though the effect was less
than that using standard pharmaceutical treatment.

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32823292/

(c) IPRH | Research Updates – Homeopathy | Read Online at www.researchinhomeopathy.org | Vol 9 Issue 2,3 Page 25
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Preparation and Standardization of Escherichia coli Nosodes Sourced from Select

E. coli Strains
Homeopathy, 2020 Jul 29.

Abstract

Background: The nosodes are well-known preparations in homeopathy that are

sourced from organisms and diseased materials. More than 40 known nosodes
have been used in homeopathic practice for over a century. Having identified
the need for scientifically developed new nosodes sourced from organisms that
are currently prevalent, the preparation of Escherichia coli nosodes from
different strains of the bacterium is presented in this article.

Materials and methods: Escherichia coli strains (E. coli ATCC 11775E, ATCC 25922,
and ATCC 8739) were identified, cultured, and tested for purity, and 20 billion
cells were processed following the nosode preparation method given in the
Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia of India, group N1. Serial dilution and
potentization for liquid potency were done up to 30c potency. Nosodes were
prepared by two methods: from cell-free extract (endotoxin) and from entire-cell
extract.

Result: Six nosodes were developed in total. Three univalent nosodes were
prepared using individual endotoxins, one from each of the three E. coli strains;
those three univalent nosodes were also combined as "Trivalent nosode-I".
"Trivalent nosode-II" was prepared by mixing entire cells of the three E. coli strains.
A mix of both Trivalent nosode-I and Trivalent nosode-II was labeled "EC-
Polynosode". The safety profile of the potentized nosodes was documented by
the non-detectability of traces of source material (absence of contamination,
live organisms, or DNA material) through a culture test, sterility test, and
molecular testing (polymerase chain reaction).

Conclusion: Different variants of E. coli nosodes were systematically and

scientifically prepared and standardized using the cultures. Homeopathic
pathogenetic trials, in-vitro efficacy studies, and clinical evaluation of E. coli
nosodes (single, trivalent, or polyvalent nosodes) will be required in future.

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32726813/

(c) IPRH | Research Updates – Homeopathy | Read Online at www.researchinhomeopathy.org | Vol 9 Issue 2,3 Page 26
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Characterization of Nanoparticles in 2X, 4X and 6X Potencies of Ferrum

Phosphoricum
Altern Ther Health Med, 2020 Aug 20.

Abstract

Context: Nanomedicine is a rapidly expanding field in which nanoparticles play

an integral part. They have 2 distinct characteristics, namely a small size and
large surface area, which influence a drug's permeability, solubility, and
bioavailability. The trituration technique used in the preparation of certain
homeopathic remedies is similar to some processes used to manufacture
nanoparticles. New research has confirmed the presence of nanoparticles in
homeopathic remedies. The majority of these studies use transmission electron
microscopy (TEM), alone or in combination with other methods, to characterize
the nanoparticles.

Objectives: The study intended to evaluate the use, efficacy, and application of
5 characterization techniques for investigating the presence and size of
nanoparticles in Ferrum phosphoricum (iron phosphate) in 2X, 4X and 6X
potencies.

Design: Quantitative experimental study.

Setting: The study took place in the Department of Biotechnology and Food
Technology, and the Department of Chemistry (Central Analytical facility and UJ
Spectrum facility) at the University of Johannesburg in Johannesburg, South
Africa.

Outcome measures: The study analyzed 2X, 4X, and 6X potencies of Ferrum
phosphoricum using: (1) ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), (2) Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), (3) dynamic light scattering (DLS), (14)
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
(EDX), and (5) transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Data were generated
through imaging and the software programs of the equipment.

Results: All 5 procedures confirmed the presence of Ferrum phosphoricum

nanoparticles and nanofibers for all 3 potencies. Using all 5 techniques permitted
characterization of different aspects of the particles, such as functional groups,
elemental iron, concentration base, and size distribution.

Conclusions: Although all 5 techniques used in the study showed the presence
of iron phosphate nanoparticles in the 2X, 4X and 6X potencies of Ferrum
phosphoricum, making them essential tools in determining the presence of
nanoparticles, UV-vis, FTIR, and TEM analysis were best suited for the analysis of
nanoparticles in high-dilution preparations such as homeopathic remedies, due
to the limitations of DLS and EDX.

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32827409/

(c) IPRH | Research Updates – Homeopathy | Read Online at www.researchinhomeopathy.org | Vol 9 Issue 2,3 Page 27
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Effects of Highly Diluted Drugs on Experimental Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi

In Vivo: Systematic Review
J Altern Complement Med, 2020 Jun 17.

Abstract

Objective: To investigate, through a systematic review, the effects of the use of

highly diluted drugs in the treatment of experimental infection with Trypanosoma
cruzi. Design: The authors searched for scientific publications in the databases
PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, LILACS, and the Google Scholar search
system, from 2000 to 2018, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic
Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. According to the criteria
established, a total of 22 studies were included. Settings/Location: The study took
place at the State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil. Subjects: Male mice
(Mus musculus) or rats (Rattus norvegicus).

Interventions: Highly diluted drugs.

Outcome measures: The parameters evaluated in the studies were

parasitological, clinical, immunological, histopathological and hematological.

Results: The studies demonstrated that the effects of highly diluted drugs are
related to their dynamizations, treatment regimen, and host susceptibility to T.
cruzi infection, and depend on the initial information transmitted to the treated
organism, making this information the "model" of how the treated organism will
react. Regardless of the mechanism of action, these drugs provide a decrease
in inflammation, which is one of the central phenomena of the pathogenesis of
T. cruzi infection.

Conclusions: This systematic review brings out the importance of the T. cruzi
infection model as a reliable and valid model for studying different effects
produced by highly diluted drugs. Considering the findings and in a broader
perspective, this study contributes to considering these drugs as a possible way
of dealing with "treatment" in general, presents the need to reexamine the
biochemical model and develop a model for the effect of high dilutions in
general, as well as for the treatment of parasitic infections.

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32551918/

(c) IPRH | Research Updates – Homeopathy | Read Online at www.researchinhomeopathy.org | Vol 9 Issue 2.3 Page 28
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Characterization of Antimonium crudum Activity Using Solvatochromic Dyes

Homeopathy, 2020 May;109(2):79-86.

Abstract

Background: The mechanism by which highly diluted and agitated solutions

have their effect is still unknown, but the development in recent years of new
methods identifying changes in water and solute dipole moments is providing
insights into potential modes of action.

Objective: The objective of the current study was to compare the biological
effects of Antimonium crudum (AC) previously obtained by our group and
already described in the literature with now measurable physico-chemical
effects on solvatochromic dyes.

Methods: Different dilutions of AC and succussed water have been

characterized with respect to their effect on the visible spectra of the
solvatochromic dyes methylene violet (MV), a pyridinium phenolate (ET33), and
a dimethylamino naphthalenone (BDN) compared with in-vitro action against
Leishmania amazonensis-infected macrophages.

Results: Dye responses varied according to the dye used and the level of AC
dilution and results were found to corroborate previously published in-vivo and
in-vitro effects of AC. In addition, a very significant enhancement in the
absorbance increase of MV was seen using the supernatant from AC 200cH-
treated cells (15%; p < 0.0001) over that seen with AC 200cH itself (4%; p = 0.034),
suggesting the amplification of ultra-high dilution effects by biological systems.
Furthermore, supernatants from AC-treated cells increased the range of dilutions
of AC that were capable of producing effects on the spectra of MV. The effect
of AC dilutions on dye ET33 was eliminated by a weak electric current passed
through potency solutions.

Conclusion: The data confirm a correspondence between the biological effects

of dilutions of AC in-vitro and physico-chemical effects on solvatochromic dyes
as measured by changes in their visible spectra. Results also indicate high
dilutions of AC are sensitive to exposure to electric currents and biological
systems.

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31604351/

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Interaction between Solvatochromic Dyes and Water Sampled from a Natural

Source Treated with High Dilutions of Phosphorus
Homeopathy, 2020 Aug;109(3):126-132.

Abstract
Background: Highly diluted and succussed solutions interact with solvatochromic
dyes, indicating that changes in solvent and solute polarity could be related to
their mechanism of action. It is not known, however, how the activity associated
with succussed high dilutions is transferred to untreated water and what the limits
of this process are.

Aims: The aims of the present study were to ascertain whether a succussed high
dilution of phosphorus (1.5 × 1-59 M; Phos 30cH) seeded into a natural water
source that fed a fjord and two connected lakes could propagate itself through
the lake system (total volume 2200 m3) and, moreover, whether the process
could be tracked using solvatochromic dyes.

Methods: Samples of water were collected before and after seeding, at different
times and places throughout the lake system. Controls comprised water taken
from an untreated and adjacent, but independent, lake (1385 m3).
Results: Water samples taken up to 72 hours after the source treatment
produced significant increases (p ≤ 0.03) in the absorbance of the
solvatochromic dye methylene violet (MV), while samples from the control lake
produced no changes.

Conclusions: The study indicates that activity associated with Phos 30c can
propagate itself through large volumes of water, causing changes throughout a
whole connected lake system, and that these changes can be tracked using
the solvatochromic dye MV. This in turn means the use of homeopathic
medicines in large volumes of drinking water, in farming and ecological
contexts, now has the potential to be assessed with physico-chemical
monitoring.

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32052392/

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In Vitro Assessment of Homeopathic Potencies of Hydrastis canadensis on

Hormone-Dependent and Independent Breast Cancer
Homeopathy, 2020 Jul 1.

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related

deaths in women. Conventional treatment such as chemotherapy, hormonal
therapy and radiotherapy has decreased the mortality rate among cancer
patients but has also revealed long-term side effects. Drug resistance and
toxicity to normal cells compound the problems associated with the use of
modern medicines. Hence, complementary or alternative treatment options are
being explored. The current study, using different homeopathic potencies of
Hydrastis canadensis, was conducted to distinguish between any effects they
might have on hormone-dependent and independent breast cancer.

Materials and methods: The cytotoxic effect of homeopathic medicine Hydrastis

on hormone-dependent (MCF 7) and hormone-independent (MDA-MB-468)
breast cancer cells was assessed using viability and colony-forming assays after
48 or 72 hours of treatment. Flow cytometry-based Annexin V-PI (propidium
iodide), caspase 3 and cell cycle analysis was performed following treatment of
cells with mother tincture or various potencies of Hydrastis (1C, 2C, 30C, 200C).

Results: Different potencies of Hydrastis displayed selective cytotoxic effects

against MCF 7 cells, but only marginal effects against MDA-MB-468. The
maximum cytotoxicity was established in the case of 1C following 72 hours of
treatment. Treatment of breast cancer cells revealed an increase in the G0/G1
cell population, along with an increase in the caspase 3 levels and induction of
apoptosis.

Conclusion: Hydrastis may have a selective cytotoxic effect against hormone-

dependent breast cancer MCF 7 cells, leading to cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1
phase, which could be the plausible reason for the induction of apoptosis. The
results need to be validated in vivo.

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32610349/

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Verification of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Traditional

Homeopathically Manufactured Metal (Cuprum metallicum) and Plant (Gelsemium
sempervirens) Medicines and Controls
Homoeopathy 2020;Jul 2

Abstract
Background: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) proton relaxation is sensitive to
the dynamics of the water molecule, H2O, through the interaction of the spin of the
proton (1H) with external magnetic and electromagnetic fields. NMR relaxation
times describe how quickly the spin of 1H, forced in a direction by an external
electromagnetic field, returns to a normal resting position. As a result, such
measurements allow us potentially to describe higher structuring of water in
homeopathic medicines.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to verify whether specific NMR
relaxation times could be measured in full lines of cH dynamizations of a metal
(copper) and of a plant substance (Gelsemium sempervirens), compared with a
solvent control, a potentized lactose control and a control prepared by simple
dilution, in three production lines. It is aimed at verification of a previous publication
(2017) on two new manufacturing lines of the same starting material and controls.

Materials and methods: To monitor dilution and potentization processes,

measurements of 1H spin-lattice T1 and spin-spin T2 relaxation times were used. T1
and T2 relaxation times were measured at 25°C with a spin analyser working at a
frequency of 20 MHz. To account for its possible role as a confounding factor, free
oxygen was also measured in all samples, using a MicroOptode meter.

Results: When the values of the three production lines were pooled, a statistically
significant discrimination of NMR relaxation times between the medicines and their
controls was confirmed. We found for copper cH and Gelsemium sempervirens cH a
highly significant influence of the starting material (p = 0.008), a highly significant
influence of level of dilution (p < 0.001), and a significant influence of the O2
concentration (p = 0.04).

Conclusions: We have evidence of an obvious retention of a specific magnetic

resonance signal when a substance (lactose, copper, Gelsemium) is
diluted/potentized in pure water. This means that homeopathic solutions cannot be
considered to be pure water. O2 is a covariant and not an explanatory variable: this
factor itself is too weak to explain the NMR signal specificities in potentized samples.
Homeopathic dilutions may thus have a specific material configuration governed
not only by the potentized substance but also by the chemical nature of the
containers, the chemical nature of dissolved gases and even by the
electromagnetic environment. This sensitivity of homeopathically prepared
medicines to electromagnetic fields may be amplified by the processes routinely
applied during their preparation; because it occurs only when a dynamization has
been performed, we may call this phenomenon "dynamic pharmacy".

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32615611/

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Daily consumption of a homeopathic product decreases intestinal damage and

stool bacterial counts in mice challenged with Escherichia coli
Microb Pathog, 2020 May 18;147:104269.

Abstract
Escherichia coli is a bacterium normally found in the gastrointestinal tract of
domestic animals that can usually control the infection. Nevertheless, some
factors (high exposure, stress conditions, animal category, among others) can
favor the exacerbation of E. coli infection and cause of disease. Because it is a
zoonotic bacterium, it is important to control the infection, avoiding
contamination of home interiors in the case of pets. There are various forms of
treatment for E. coli; nevertheless, there are few options for prevention. In the
present study, we evaluated homeopathy. Thus, the objective of this study was
to determine whether administration of a prophylactic homeopathic in water
would minimize the negative effects of E. coli infection, as well as reducing
bacterial counts in the feces of a experimental model. Forty mice were divided
into four experimental groups (n = 10/group). Groups NC (negative control) and
PC (positive control) were not treated; in group T1, the animals received 0.002
mL/day/animal of the homeopathic in water, and animals in group T2 0.004
mL/day/animal. The experiment lasted 54 days, and on the 31st day, mice of T1,
T2 and PC groups were infected orally a 0.2 mL inoculum of 1.5 × 108 CFU of E.
coli. Euthanasia and sample collection were performed on the 40th and 54th
days of the experiment (n = 5/group/time point). Blood, liver, spleen, intestine,
and feces samples were collected from the final portion of the intestine. There
was no significant difference in animal weight between groups at the end of the
experiment. Neutrophil count was lower in PC group animals on day 40, while on
day 54, the counts were lower in T2 and PC. Lymphocyte counts were lower only
in the PC group than in the NC group on day 54. Globulins were lower in the NC
and PC groups than in T1 and T2 on day 40, remaining lower the PC group and
higher in T1 on day 54; levels of immunoglobulin IgG and IgM were higher in
groups T1 and T2, which differed from PC and NC. TNF-α levels were higher in the
T1 and T2 groups at 40 and 54 days. INF-γ levels were higher in T1, T2, and PC
compared to NC on day 40, remaining higher than NC in groups T1 and T2 on
day 54. Total bacterial count, total coliforms and E. coli counts were lower in
group T1 and higher in NC and PC on days 40 and 54, when they were lower for
T1 and T2. Histologically, no lesions were observed in extra-intestinal tissues;
however the height of intestinal crypts in the PC group was smaller than the
others on day 40. On day 54, villi and crypts of all infected groups were larger in
T1 and T2 than in NC; sizes in the PC group were higher than those of all other
groups. These data suggest that the homeopathic agent in the drinking water
improved health of the mice.

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32439564/

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Super continuum generation in water doped with Homeopathic medicines

Int J High Dil Res 2020;19(1-2)

Abstract
We have carried out systematic studies to investigate the effect on supercontinuum
generation in water using 40 fs laser pulses when doped with Homeopathic
medicines. We perform these studies using five series of medications with different
levels of dilution (10-30 to 10-100000). We measure supercontinuum spectra that span
from 400-1050 nm. We monitor the area under the curve in the range 450-750 nm for
each sample at a fixed incident laser energy. Our observations indicate that the yield
of supercontinuum generation, in water containing Homeopathic medicine is
significantly different from that obtained in water containing plain ethanol. The
measurement for different dilutions shows up to 7 times standard deviation variation in
the yield of supercontinuum generation? Even though linear absorption in the UV-
visible region does not show any significant difference for different Homeopathic
medicines, the supercontinuum yield which depends on the effective nonlinear
refractive index changes with different samples.

Article Link: http://highdilution.org/index.php/ijhdr/article/view/1007

The Influence of Ultra-High Diluted Compounds on the Growth and the Metabolites of
Oriza sativa L.
Int J High Dil Res 2020;19(1-2)

Abstract
Background: In the present research, we investigated the effects of the ultra-high
dilutions (UHDs) on Oryza sativa L. (rice), physiological and biochemical variations.
Methods: In order to study the effect of UHDs (Calendula officinalis in the dilution of
3×103X and Arnica montana in the dilution of 2 ×104 X), 28 experiments were
designed and statistically analyzed via the Design Expert 7.0.1 software over the
general factorial design methodology. Three qualitative factors were studied
including the UHDs/placebo usage (A), sterile/non-sterile experimental condition (B)
and the type and timing of the UHDs usage (C). The validated analysis was subjected
into more studies on the variations in physiological growth, carbohydrate, protein
content, pigment production, and amino acid patterns. Results: To evaluate the
effects of UHDs on rice, we formed a desirable response percentage from a number
of healthy seedling production, and studied the height percentage of the aerial parts
and main roots. The statistical analysis resulted in the prediction model which was
more than 97% correlates with experimental results. The results showed that the UHDs
increased the pH variations, carbohydrate, protein and pigment levels by ~2.5, ~1.5,
~1.4, and ~1.4 fold, respectively. Also compared to placebo, the amount and
proportion of amino acids has significantly varied. . Conclusion: Compared to
placebo, the UHDs have statistically validated affected the rice germination and
seedling growth. Also, they can affect the stress conditions caused by the sterilization
process, seedlings entrance into the light and their transition into hydroponic culture
medium. The use of UHDs leads to an increase in the production of chlorophyll, as well
as carbohydrate and protein content. Moreover, they cause significant variations in
the amino acid profile and the production of amino acids along with the
photosynthesis, germination, and metabolism processes.
Article Link: http://highdilution.org/index.php/ijhdr/article/view/1012

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Evaluation of Antihyperglycemic potential of homeopathic medicines Insulinum,

Pancreatinum and Uranium nitricum in Streptozotocin Induced diabetic Rats.
Int J High Dil Res 2020;19(3)

Abstract
INTRODUCTION – Diabetes Mellitus is an emerging endocrine and metabolic
disorder which has affected millions of people globally. Homeopathy a science
of ultra-molecular doses with a holistic approach is used in treatment of Diabetes
Mellitus. Homeopathic medicines are prepared from plant, mineral, sarcodes,
nosodes and animal parts. Insulinum, Pancreatinum and Uranium nitricum is used
in homeopathy for treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. However no any preclinical
studies have been investigated for the anti-diabetic effect and its safety.
METHODS – Homeopathic medicines Insulinum, Pancreatinum and Uranium
nitricum in 6C (1012) dilution factor were used to examine antihyperglycemic
effects in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. After 28 days treatment
bodyweight, Hematology, Biochemistry (serum glucose, urea, creatinine, SGPT,
SGOT, ALP, Triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol), Oral Glucose Tolerance Test,
HbA1C with histopathology of (Liver, Kidney, Pancreas) was measured. RESULTS –
After Streptozotocin induction, the animals have shown significant increase in
the fasting blood glucose level (p<0.01) as compared to normal control animals.
Treatment with homeopathic medicine Insulinum, Pancreatinum and Uranium
nitricum in ‘6C’ potency showed significant decrease in levels of Glucose
(p<0.05), OGTT, Total protein (P<0.001), ALP (P<0.05), Cholesterol (P<0.001), SGPT
(P<0.001), SGOT (p<0.01), Urea, HbA1C as compared to diabetic animal.
CONCLUSIONS – In the present study homeopathic medicine Insulinum,
Pancreatinum and Uranium nitricum in ‘6C’ potency exhibits antihyperglycemic
effects in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Article Link: http://highdilution.org/index.php/ijhdr/article/view/1009

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Extreme dilutions of mercuric chloride produce longer binding interaction with ?-

amylase as compared to blank solvents
Int J High Dil Res 2020;19(3)

Abstract
Background High and ultra low doses of HgCl2 modulate ?-amylase starch
interaction through two different binding sites of the enzyme. Mercurius
corrosivus at ultra high dilution (UHD) is reported to have a long duration of
action for 30-60 days. Objectives (i) To see whether the mother tincture and
UHDs of mercuric chloride could directly act on ?-amylase without intervention
of its substrate starch. (ii) To see whether the MT and UHDs produce longer
binding interaction with ?-amylase than the control. Methods Mercuric chloride
MT (0.15 M) or Merc cor ? and its three UHDs, 30, 200, 1000 cH called potencies
were in 90% ethanol. Blank 90% ethanol and deionised and distilled (DD) water
were used as controls. All ethanol based ligands were diluted with DD water to
reduce EtOH content to 0.09%. Using an ITC instrument each ligand was injected
once at 10 µl into15µM ?-amylase at 25 0C and the reaction was observed for
2000 s. Results While Merc cor ? produced endothermic reaction, all other
ligands did exothermic reaction. Water control and blank ethanol maintained
post injection heat change up to 1200 sec. All other ligands sustained heat
change for the entire period of observation (2000 sec). Conclusions Merc cor ?
and potencies produced exactly the opposite reaction at the protein binding
sites. The reaction was short-lived with water control and blank ethanol, but
prolonged with Merc cor ? and potencies. Merc cor 200 cH and 1000 cH
produced highest heat change (6 µl/sec) during interaction with ?-amylase.

Article Link: http://highdilution.org/index.php/ijhdr/article/view/1015

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Clinical Research

Development of a Prognostic Factor Prediction Model in Patients with

Musculoskeletal Pain Treated with Homeopathy: An Individual Patient Data
Meta-Analysis of Three Randomized Clinical Trials
Complement Med Res, 2020 Jul 20;1-9.

Abstract
Background: Prognostic factor research methodology has not yet been
applied to randomized clinical trial data of homeopathic medicines.
Objectives: To investigate the principle of individualization in homeopathy by
developing a prognostic factor prediction model.

Method: A pooled, in-dividual patient data meta-analysis of 3 randomized

trials -investigating the efficacy of a homeopathic gel (Spiroflor SRL®)
containing Rhus toxicodendron as a key ingredient in osteoarthritis of the
knee and acute low back pain. The prognostic value of a predefined set of 5
typical R. toxicodendron symptoms was investigated by assessing treatment-
by-symptom interactions on pain as an outcome measure in a regression
model.

Results: The pooled dataset consisted of 284 patients in the Spiroflor SRL group
and 275 patients in the control group. Adjusted for pain at baseline, a
statistically significant effect modification for the symptoms "numbness or
tingling of the affected part" (+2.0 mm VAS; p = 0.02), "amelioration by
movement" (-5.6 mm VAS; p = 0.01), and "amelioration of pain by local heat"
(+7.0 mm VAS; p = 0.02) was found.

Conclusions: Investigating aspects of treatment individualization in

homeopathy using randomized trial data and standard meta-analytical
techniques is possible. The symptom amelioration by local heat is of possible
value as a homeopathic symptom (prognostic factor) predicting an
increased likelihood of pain relief following treatment with the homeopathic
product.

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32690853/

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Individualized Homeopathic Medicines in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Randomized,

Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Homeopathy, 2020 Aug 31.

Abstract

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disorder, with up to an

estimated 134 million Indian sufferers, and having significant impact on quality
of life (QOL) and health costs. Despite the evidence favoring homeopathy in
CRS being inadequate, it is highly popular. This trial attempts to study the
efficacy of individualized homeopathy (IH) medicines in comparison with
placebo in patients with CRS.

Methods: A double-blind, randomized (1:1), placebo-controlled, preliminary

trial (n = 62) was conducted at the National Institute of Homoeopathy, West
Bengal, India. Primary outcome measure was the sino-nasal outcome test-20
(SNOT-20) questionnaire; secondary outcomes were the EQ-5D-5L
questionnaire and EQ-5D-5L visual analog scale scores, and five numeric
rating scales (0-10) assessing intensity of sneezing, rhinorrhea, post-nasal drip,
facial pain/pressure, and disturbance in sense of smell, all measured at
baseline and after the 2nd and 4th months of intervention. Group differences
and effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated on the intention-to-treat sample.

Results: Groups were comparable at baseline. Attrition rate was 6.5% (IH: 1,
Placebo: 3). Although improvements in both primary and secondary
outcome measures were higher in the IH group than placebo, with small to
medium effect sizes, the group differences were statistically non-significant
(all p > 0.05, unpaired t-tests). Calcarea carbonica, Lycopodium clavatum,
Sulphur, Natrum muriaticum and Pulsatilla nigricans were the most frequently
prescribed medicines. No harmful or unintended effects, homeopathic
aggravations or any serious adverse events were reported from either group.

Conclusion: There was a small but non-significant direction of effect favoring

homeopathy, which ultimately renders the trial as inconclusive. Rigorous trials
and independent replications are recommended to arrive at a confirmatory
conclusion.

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32869214/

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Recommendations for Designing, Conducting and Reporting Observational

Studies in Homeopathy
Homeopathy, 2020 Aug;109(3):114-125.

Abstract

Background: Randomized placebo-controlled trials are considered to be the

gold standard in clinical research and have the highest importance in the
hierarchical system of evidence-based medicine. However, from the
viewpoint of decision makers, due to lower external validity, practical results
of efficacy research are often not in line with the huge investments made
over decades.
Method: We conducted a narrative review. With a special focus on
homeopathy, we give an overview on cohort, comparative cohort, case-
control and cross-sectional study designs and explain guidelines and tools
that help to improve the quality of observational studies, such as the STROBE
Statement, RECORD, GRACE and ENCePP Guide.

Results: Within the conventional medical research field, two types of

arguments have been employed in favor of observational studies. First,
observational studies allow for a more generalizable and robust estimation of
effects in clinical practice, and if cohorts are large enough, there is no over-
estimation of effect sizes, as is often feared. We argue that observational
research is needed to balance the current over-emphasis on internal validity
at the expense of external validity. Thus, observational research can be
considered an important research tool to describe "real-world" care settings
and can assist with the design and inform the results of randomised controlled
trails.

Conclusions: We present recommendations for designing, conducting and

reporting observational studies in homeopathy and provide
recommendations to complement the STROBE Statement for homeopathic
observational studies.

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32408374/

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Outcomes and effects of homeopathic treatment of malaria in Kenya, a multi-

centre study
Int J High Dil Res 2020;19(1-2)

Abstract

In Kenya malaria is the leading cause for illness and death; homeopathy is
used for many years to treat this disease. A previous study in Ghana in 1996,
showed comparable effects of homeopathy and chloroquine. Methods: In
three studies we documented homeopathic treatment in a retrospective
qualitative study, a prospective single arm study, and a comparison between
one cohort receiving homeopathic treatment and the other artemether.
Results: In the qualitative retrospective study (2014) (n=54), we related typical
malaria and individual symptoms, with remedy prescriptions and affected
organs. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed, that specific remedies
were prescribed for patterns of affected organs . In the prospective study
(2014) (n=70), the primary outcome was the parasitological status at the first
follow up (median 8 days), secondary outcome was the quality of life
measure with Outcome Related to Impact on Daily Life. In the third study, of
the group (n=79) (b) exposed to homeopathy, n=6 (a) were still parasite-
positive after one week, in the control (co-artem) group of n=35 (c) no
patient was positive (d). The odds ratio was 5.8068 (95% CI 0.3183 – 105.8794),
with z = 1.187 and P = 0.2352. The difference was not statistically significant;
homeopathic remedies and coartem tablets had similar effect for
uncomplicated malaria in that region. Co-morbidity was treated with
different remedies. Conclusion: Homeopathic treatment can be used as a
valuable option, also when other treatments are ineffective by microbial
resistance, not indicated (as in pregnancy) and financially not affordable.
Key words: malaria, homeopathy, artemether, comparative study, cohort
study, plasmodium, ORIDL

Article Link: http://highdilution.org/index.php/ijhdr/article/view/956

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A systematic review on the efficacies and therapeutic interventions of

homoeopathic medicines in combating viral disorders with implications in the
currently undergoing homoeopathic treatment efforts of SARS-CoV-2 infection
(COVID-19)
Int J High Dil Res 2020;19(3)

Abstract

The prevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- Corona Virus-2 (SARS-

CoV-2) has undergone a historic transition from December 2019 to June 2020.
Under the current circumstances, SARS-CoV-2 has become a key problem for
the public health and economic steadiness of the global fraternity. Based on
ample evidences from the global epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-
CoV (Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome- Corona virus) scientists and
physicians strappingly consider these viruses share structural and functional
similarities of selected biologically active enzymes namely, 3CLpro, PLpro and
RdRp. Ultra-diluted homoeopathic medicine has the legacy to combat
infectious as well as viral diseases since last two centuries. Thus, a systematic
review on existing antiviral homoeopathic therapies was done in the current
study and the need of appropriate clinical validation with proper in vitro as
well as in vivo studies prior to make clinical endorsements in treating Covid-19
patients with homoeopathic medicines has been explained. A brief summary
of the currently undergoing or recently completed homoeopathic treatments
of COVID-19 has also been provided to attract many more similar
homoeopathic treatment attempts to combat COVID-19.

Article Link: http://highdilution.org/index.php/ijhdr/article/view/1033

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Review
The Need for Multidisciplinary Research within the History and Theory of
Homeopathy
Homeopathy, 2020 Sep 8.

Abstract

The controversial issue of homeopathy's scientificity will, in all probability, not be

settled by means of clinical trials alone, as long as uncertainty or ignorance about
methodological, philosophical, and socio-economical essentials prevail on both
sides of the argument. Rather than uncritically adopt the standards of the
currently predominant paradigm, homeopathy should not forget its roots,
peculiarities, and self-conception. Contrary to conventional medicine, it is based
on a teleological image of humanity, a holistic and sustainable approach towards
curing sickness, and an up-to-date concept of medical theory in terms of healing
arts. However, under today's frameworked conditions of industrialisation,
commercialisation and commodification, the strengths of homeopathy tend to be
disregarded or even attacked, and a special kind of reductionist and materialist
rationality, compatible with expanding markets and profits, is preferably
facilitated. To reveal and demonstrate these developments and relationships on a
scientific level, there is a need for multidisciplinary research on the part of the
humanities, such as history and theory of medicine, history and theory of science,
history of economics, sociology of scientific knowledge, and philosophy.

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32898897/

Image Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/UuHmi2we9YQTqwBs6

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A Review of Preclinical Research on the Effects of Photodynamic Therapy and

Homeopathic Medicine on Cancer Cells
Altern Ther Health Med, 2020 Jul 1;AT6154.

Abstract

Context: Cancer occurs as a consequence of the dysregulation of genes during

cell division, resulting in an increased proliferation rate and loss of vital
checkpoints in cells. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) makes use of photosensitizers,
oxygen, and light at visible wavelengths to stimulate formation of reactive oxygen
species (ROS) and trigger apoptosis of cancer cells. Homeopathic remedies
commonly affect genes, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Bcl2,
thereby stimulating cancer-cell death.

Objective: The study intended to examine and summarize the latest findings in
preclinical, in vitro, and in vivo studies on the mechanisms of homeopathy and
PDT in cancer therapy.
Design: The research team conducted a literature review using extensive
databases made available by the University of Johannesburg Library. The
databases used, included, Science Direct, Ebsco Host and Pubmed.

Setting: This study took place at the Laser Research Centre, University of
Johannesburg.

Results: Studies demonstrated an ability for both homeopathic remedies and

photodynamic therapy to induce apoptosis in cancer cells by interfering with
mitochondrial pathways leading to a release of cytochrome-c, the production of
reactive oxygen species and by interfering with cancer cell genes by upregulating
p53 and Bax and down-regulating TNF-α.

Conclusions: Both homeopathy and PDT demonstrate antineoplastic effects;

however; more research needs to be conducted before any conclusions can be
made.

Article link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32619203/

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The Hydra-Headed Coronaviruses: Implications of COVID-19 for Homeopathy

Homeopathy, 2020 Aug;109(3):169-175.

Abstract

Successful homeopathic prescriptions are based on careful individualization of

symptoms, either for an individual patient or collectively in the case of epidemic
outbreaks. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was initially represented as a severe
acute respiratory illness, with eventual dramatic complications. However, over
time it revealed to be a complex systemic disease with manifestations derived
from viral-induced inflammation and hypercoagulability, thus liable to affect any
body organ or system. As a result, clinical presentation is variable, in addition to
variations associated with several individual and collective risk factors. Given the
extreme variability of pathology and clinical manifestations, a single, or a few,
universal homeopathic preventive Do not split medicine(s) do not seem feasible.
Yet homeopathy may have a relevant role to play, inasmuch as the vast majority
of patients only exhibit the mild form of disease and are indicated to self-care at
home, without standard monitoring, follow-up, or treatment. For future
pandemics, homeopathy agencies should prepare by establishing rapid-response
teams and efficacious lines of communication.

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32698230/

What Future for Hahnemann's Therapeutic System?

Homeopathy, 2020 May;109(2):107-112.

Abstract

This article explores the historical growth patterns in homeopathy, recent shifts in
perception, and a likely future of this type of medicine. Homeopathic medicine
developed as a contradictory approach to health compared to the orthodox
view of mainstream medicine. Over the past two centuries, this form of health
care has maintained its heterodox position under continued attacks from the
established order. Modern medicine is being pushed by materialism and the drive
to generate profits by large pharmaceutical and health care corporations. Whilst
homeopathy has also enjoyed economic growth in many markets around the
world, rising popularity of this type of treatment has been shown to generate
regulatory concerns on some fronts. Recent pressures from regulatory authorities
have resulted in both setbacks and improved situations for homeopathic
prescribers, varying by country where they are located. Despite widespread
attacks in the press and from some governmental authorities, users of
homeopathic therapies remain staunchly attached to this form of treatment. The
future of homeopathy will likely continue to be as rocky as it has been for the past
two centuries.

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32028537/

(c) IPRH | Research Updates – Homeopathy | Read Online at www.researchinhomeopathy.org | Vol 9 Issue 2,3 Page 44
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CASE REPORTS
The Experience of an Italian Public Homeopathy Clinic during the COVID-19
Epidemic, March-May 2020
Homeopathy, 2020 Aug;109(3):167-168.

Abstract

During the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy, hospital outpatient clinics progressively

decreased their activities; in March 2020 they were closed except for
emergencies. During this period, the activities of the public Homeopathy
Outpatient Clinic of Lucca aimed at guaranteeing therapeutic continuity to
patients by means of telephone or video consultations, and searching for
homeopathic medicines that best responded to early COVID-19 symptoms. In
March 2020, the Complementary Medicine Working Group participated in the
organization of a mission of COVID-19 Chinese experts for the online training of
professionals working in the Tuscan Healthcare System. The medical staff of the
Lucca Clinic also cooperated in telephone health surveillance of infected
patients at home, seroprevalence investigations using the capillary blood rapid
test, and the implementation of the CLIFICOL (Clinical Files Collection) project.

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32643783/

Image Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/VzY7QejRritJQS3t6

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My best case: homeopathic management of adverse effects of tamoxifen

Homeopathy 2020 Jun;170(9-10):224-229.

Abstract

Background: Nearly half of patients discontinue tamoxifen hormone therapy

early because of side effects, thus increasing the risk of breast cancer
recurrence. Could a homeopathic treatment improve compliance?

Methods: A patient suffering from side effects of tamoxifen was seen in

consultation every 2 months for 10 months by a senior homeopathic doctor
and a registrar.

Results: Case analysis and repertorisation led to the identification of Pulsatilla

as the simillimum drug and tamoxifen 7c as the etiological treatment. This
treatment resulted in a rapid and lasting improvement of all the symptoms.

Conclusions: The combination of a homeopathic medicine and a hetero-

isotherapic illustrates both the principles of "similarity" and "the identical". It has
proved to be an excellent response to the side effects of tamoxifen. By
enhancing the patient's quality of life, this combined approach also improved
adherence to treatment.

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30539320/

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Two Case Reports of Integrated Management of Antibiotic-Resistant Urinary

Tract Infection
Homeopathy, 2020 May;109(2):97-106.

Abstract

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are frequent in women. Cystitis after
intercourse (post-coital cystitis) accounts for 60% of recurrent cases. Most
physicians treat recurrent UTIs (R-UTIs) with multiple courses of antibiotics. The
high prevalence indicates that this bacteria-oriented approach in the long
term is ineffective for many women. A change in clinical behavior regarding
use of antibiotics and recognizing the importance of a patient's self-defense
mechanisms are important considerations in combating antimicrobial
resistance.

Methods: The intervention for each of two women with R-UTI was integrated
treatment with a non-conventional and tailor-made homeopathy regimen,
addressing multiple levels of disease simultaneously, for the prevention of
recurrence as well as for treatment. Assessment of causal attribution of
homeopathy treatment effect was carried out using the Modified Naranjo
Criteria.

Results: Case 1 presented with chronic multi-morbid conditions, including R-UTI

which had become multi-drug resistant. With regular homeopathic treatment,
her antibiotic use reduced, her diabetic profile improved, and she did not
need prophylactic antibiotics. Case 2 suffered from R-UTI with post-coital
cystitis and burning sensation, despite following all conventional advice for
treatment and prophylaxis. Addition of homeopathy improved her quality of
life and prevented relapses. The Modified Naranjo Criteria total score for each
patient was +10/13 and +9/13, respectively.

Conclusions: Addition of homeopathy can be an effective approach in

integrated management of antibiotic-resistant R-UTIs. Controlled research on
the topic is thus indicated.

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31958866/

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Thlaspi Bursa Pastoris in Treatment of Urinary Stones: A Case Series

Homeopathy, 2020 Jul 1.

Abstract

Background: Urinary stones are the most common cause of acute ureteral
obstruction. The homeopathic medicine Thlaspi bursa pastoris (TBP) has many
symptoms similar to the typical symptoms of urolithiasis, yet its clinical
usefulness has not been well documented.

Patients: In this study, the clinical symptoms of each of five patients, along with
ultrasonographic evidence, were taken for the assessment of the outcome.
TBP was prescribed in potency 30c and/or 200c to each patient on the basis
of the main symptoms, typically dysuria, retention of urine and haematuria.
Each case was followed for up to 6 months. Assessment of causal attribution
of treatment effect was performed using the Modified Naranjo Criteria.

Results: There was full recovery of all five patients and post-treatment
ultrasonography showed no calculi remaining. The Modified Naranjo Criteria
total score for each patient was either +8/13 or +9/13.

Conclusion: TBP was observed to be effective in eliminating renal stones within

a short span of time and without any complications.

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32610348/

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Homeopathic Clinical Features of 18 Patients in COVID-19 Outbreaks in Hong

Kong
Homeopathy, 2020 Aug;109(3):146-162.

Abstract

Background: Hong Kong is geographically located in the province of

Guangdong which, after Hubei, has been the region of China second-most
affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Compared to the pathognomonic
symptoms of the named disease, homeopathic symptoms are always more
helpful for homeopathic prescriptions.

Aim: This study reports and summarizes the homeopathic symptoms observed
in 18 confirmed/suspected epidemiologically related cases in cluster
outbreaks of COVID-19 in Hong Kong in early 2020.

Methods: Homeopathic symptoms from this case series were collected from 18
consecutive patients who, in addition to their concurrent conventional
treatment or traditional Chinese medicine, actively sought help from
homeopathy as an adjunctive measure for symptomatic relief from COVID-19.
Cases were categorized according to outbreak clusters, focusing mainly on
the homeopathic symptoms. In the analysis, frequency of all homeopathic
medicines, common rubrics in all the cases, common rubrics in each of the
top-ranked remedies, and differentiating symptoms for each top-ranked
remedy were determined.

Results: Homeopathic symptoms of 18 cases, each identified as mild and

belonging to one of six separate clusters, are reported. Eighteen common
symptoms screened out of 79 selected rubrics constituted two sets of
homeopathic symptom pictures: Bryonia alba (n = 4) and Gelsemium
sempervirens (n = 12). Eight and seven differentiating features, respectively,
were identified for Bryonia alba and Gelsemium sempervirens.

Conclusion: The common symptoms of 18 mild COVID-19 cases constituted

two sets of homeopathic symptom pictures, indicating Bryonia alba or
Gelsemium sempervirens; they were indicated in 4 and 12 cases, respectively,
out of the 18 in total.

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32503061/

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Pituitary Microadenoma Treated with Individualized Homeopathic Medicine: A

Case Report
Homeopathy, 2020 Aug 30.

Abstract

Background: Pituitary adenomas are common benign tumors of the pituitary

gland with an overall estimated prevalence of 16.7%. As per the revised World
Health Organization (WHO) classification, these tumors are identified by their
histological subtypes and are designated by their pituitary cell lineage instead
of the hormone they produce. The lactotroph adenoma is the most common
subtype of hormone-producing pituitary adenoma. Surgery is the mainstay of
treatment, but complications are encountered. So far, there is no reported
study evaluating individualized homeopathic intervention in pituitary
adenoma in peer-reviewed journals.

Methods: This case study describes a case of functional lactotroph

microadenoma with history of failed surgical treatment and heavy intrasellar
hemorrhage occurring during the surgery. Phosphorus was prescribed as an
individualized homeopathic medicine on the basis of symptoms-hemorrhagic
complication during surgical procedure and aggravation of headache
thereafter.

Results: There was a marked subjective improvement along with complete

tumor regression, as evidenced by repeat magnetic resonance imaging
scans. The Modified Naranjo Criteria total score was +10 out of a possible +13,
providing some evidence to attribute the clinical outcome with the
homeopathic intervention.

Conclusion: This case study reconfirms the association between increased

frequency of headaches and pituitary hemorrhage among cases of
lactotroph adenoma. It also suggests that individualized homeopathic
treatment may be helpful in pituitary adenomas with increased risk of
complications such as intrasellar hemorrhage.

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32862414/

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Veterinary
[Effects of a homeopathic medication on clinical signs of canine atopic
dermatitis]
Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere, 2020 Aug;48(4):245-248.

Abstract

Objective: A commercially available medication containing homeopathic

ingredients showed first signs of success in atopic dermatitis in dogs. The aim of
this case series was to evaluate the effect of the preparation in a larger number
of dogs with atopic dermatitis.

Material and methods: Ten atopic dogs received the oral homoeopathic
combination preparation daily for 3 weeks according to the manufacturer's
specifications. The diagnosis of atopic dermatitis was made previously by
medical history, clinical examination and exclusion of differential diagnoses. Skin
infections with bacteria and yeasts were excluded by clinical examination and
cytological evaluation of impression smears. In food-allergic dogs, an elimination
diet was fed at least 2 months prior and during the entire study period. Patients
with suspected or confirmed flea allergy received flea control for at least 1
month prior to and during the study. The clinical signs were evaluated before
and after therapy using a validated Pruritus Visual Analogue Acale (PVAS) and
the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Lesion Index (CADLI). The coat quality was
assessed by the owners. Possible adverse effects were recorded at the recheck.

Results: There were no significant changes in the lesion score (Wilcoxon test, p =
1.0), pruritus score (paired t test, p = 0.34) and coat quality (paired t test, p =
0.34) over the duration of treatment. Only one patient showed a slight
improvement in itching and coat quality. No side effects were observed.

Conclusion and clinical relevance: In this case series, the tested homoeopathic
preparation did not show a positive effect on the clinical signs of canine atopic
dermatitis.

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32823347/

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Anxiolytic activity of ultra-diluted Aconitum napellus on Wistar rats

Int J High Dil Res, 2020; 19(3)

Abstract

Background: Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent that affect millions of people
worldwide. Homeopathic system is gaining popularity due to its efficacy in
chronic diseases. Ultra-diluted Aconitum napellus is a homeopathic medicine
used by clinicians for treatment of acute anxiety.

Aim: Objective of this study is to test the efficacy of Aconite on experimental

anxiety models of Wistar rats.

Methodology: 18 Female Wistar rats were divided into Control, Anxiety, and
Anxiety + Aconite (ANX+ACO) groups. Acute stress was induced by restraining
the rats for six hours daily for five days in Anxiety and ANX + ACO groups. After
five days of stress, a single dose of Aconite 200cH was given to ANX + ACO
group through oral gavage, whereas control and anxiety group rats were
maintained with a normal diet. Following this, behavioral assessment was done.

Results: It was observed that the Aconite treated group had more number of
entries and also the percentage of time spent in the open arm was higher than
the stressed anxiety group. Histological study of the brain tissue procured from all
three groups was analyzed.

Conclusion: It was inferred that ultra-diluted homeopathic Aconite has

decreased anxiety in Wistar rats which were subjected to acute restrain stress.

Article Link: http://highdilution.org/index.php/ijhdr/article/view/1020

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DRUG
PROVING
A Qualitative Investigation of Provers' Experiences of Participation in
Homeopathic Pathogenetic Trials
Homeopathy, 2020 Aug;109(3):133-139.

Abstract

Background: Information on homeopathic medicines is derived from

"provings" or homeopathic pathogenetic trials (HPTs), in which people (often
homeopaths and homeopathy students) are invited to take an unnamed
and often untested highly diluted and serially succussed substance, and
record in detail their experiences and perceived effects. HPTs are assumed to
have an "excellent safety record", but there has been no academic research
to date into provers' experiences of participating in an HPT.

Aims: This qualitative study aimed to explore the lived experience of

participation in an HPT. It is hoped that the results from this study will inform
the future conduct of HPTs.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted in person, by phone or

via Skype, according to the interviewees' preferences. Thematic analysis was
used for the generation of themes.

Results: Eight former provers were interviewed from across the European
Union (EU) and Australia. Of these, seven were practicing homeopaths and
one was not a practitioner. Overarching themes were identified as: (1) the
ethical conduct of HPTs, and (2) the impact of participation in HPTs.

Conclusion: Former provers who participated in this study reported

enthusiasm for, and trust in, the proving process. However, some also
reported adverse events, which varied in intensity and duration. The process
of gaining fully informed consent for participation in an HPT is complex and
there were examples of both failure and inadequacy in terms of informed
consent and support mechanisms.
Recommendations: The researchers recommend that HPTs are subject to
ethical approval processes and that consent is fully informed and ongoing. It
is also recommended that appropriate and robust support mechanisms be
developed.

Article Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32052393/

(c) IPRH | Research Updates – Homeopathy | Read Online at www.researchinhomeopathy.org | Vol 9 Issue 2,3 Page 53
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SURVEY

An online cross-sectional survey on knowledge, attitudes, practices and

perspectives of homoeopathic practitioners towards COVID-19
IJRH, 2020;14(2):90-99.

Abstract

Background: In the light of pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19),

identification of level of epidemic preparedness and understanding of
homoeopathic practitioners is required to utilise their services in mainstream
healthcare effectively. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify
knowledge, attitudes and practices of homoeopathic physicians about
COVID-19.

Methodology: An online cross-sectional survey was undertaken in the midst of

the epidemic in India when services of homoeopathic doctors were under
consideration. The ten knowledge questions were scored and analysed to
identify differences with sociodemographic variables. Responses to the ten
questions on attitudes and practices were analysed to identify differences in
the domains, differing significantly in knowledge scores.

Results: Out of 3901 responses received over 2 days, 3595 were included for
analysis. Knowledge scores significantly differed with qualification (graduates –
8.60 ± 1.38, post-graduates – 8.84 ± 1.29 and other qualifications – 8.56 ± 1.31)
and years of practice (<10 years – 8.57 ± 1.38 and >10 years – 8.84 ± 1.30).
Gender was not identified as a variable to affect knowledge scores
significantly. Attitudes and practices were also identified to be more
favourable in participants with more than 10 years' experience. Conclusion:
Homoeopathic physicians have largely been able to maintain a high level of
currency of knowledge, purely on their own accord. Specific aspects related
to patient care and practices need to be further enhanced. Practitioners
affirmed that homoeopathic medicines need to be validated on a group of
patients before mass treatment/prevention can be identified for which
immediate access to patients is required.

Article Link: http://www.ijrh.org/article.asp?issn=0974-

7168;year=2020;volume=14;issue=2;spage=90;epage=99;aulast=Taneja;type=0

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