RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY

AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

 SEEDING AND PLANTING MACHINERY

A mechanical device used to place seeds or plants in the soil

for crop production.

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

 Seeders
Machine used to place
seeds such as corn, rice,
etc… in the soil.

Planters
Machine used to place
plant parts such as sugar
cane cuttings, rice
seedlings, etc… in a
prepared soil.

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

 Systems of Planting

1. Broadcasting
Randomly scattering of seeds on the surface of
the field.
2. Drill Seeding
Randomly dropping and covering of seeds in
furrow.
3. Precision Planting
Accurately placing of single seeds at about
equal interval in rows.
RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS
 Systems of Planting

4. Hill Dropping
Placing of group of seeds at about equal
interval in rows.
5. No-Till Planting
Planting is made directly into an unprepared
seedbed or untilled soil.

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

 Systems of Planting

4. Hill Dropping
Placing of group of seeds at about equal
interval in rows.
5. No-Till Planting
Planting is made directly into an unprepared
seedbed or untilled soil.

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

 Functions of Seeder/Planter

 To meter seeds/plant parts of different sizes and

shapes.
 To place the seeds/plant parts in the acceptable
pattern or distribution in the field.
 To place seeds/plant parts accurately and
uniformly at the desired depth and in the soil; and
 To cover the seeds/plant parts optionally and to
compact the soil around it to enhance germination
and emergence.

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

 Classification According to Source of Power

1. Manually-operated or hand seeder

This is a type of seeder which deposits the seeds
in holes with spacing set by the operator.
2. Animal-drawn seeder
This type of seeder drawn by animal.
3. Tractor power-driven seeder and planter. This is
a type of seeder with metering mechanisms
driven by the ground wheels or by power-take-off
from a tractor.

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

 Rice Drum Seeders
Machines that are designed for plating pre-germinated
rice seeds in rows so that manually operated weeder
can be used.
Handle

Ground Wheel Main Shaft

Seed Drum with Metering Holes

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

 Parts of a Rice Drum Seeder
RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS
 Drum Seeder Parts & Functions
• Seed drums – Receptacles of the seeds to be sown.
Rotates with the wheel axle
• Metering holes – Perforations on the drums, where
the seeds are dispensed as the wheels rotate when
pulled.
• Main shaft – length axle of the 2 wheels and where
the seeds drums are also attached.
• Ground wheel - Seed drums are rotated by the motion
of the ground wheel without slippage to get a uniform
and desired seed rate.
RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS
 Calibration of Seeder (Rice Seeder)

 The procedure of testing the seeder for correct

seed rate and to get a predetermined seed rate
of the machine is called calibration.
 It is the procedure of determining the
performance of a rice seeder under the different
seeding rates and row and hill spacing it is
designed to operate.
 Seeders are calibrated when newly acquired
and at regular intervals.
RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS
 Steps in Calibrating a Rice Drum Seeder:
The following steps are to be followed for calibration of
seed drill or seed-cum-fertilizer drill.
Step 1: Determine the nominal width (W) of drill.
W = (M)(S)
Where M is the number of furrow and S is the
spacing between the openers in meter and W is
in meter.

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

 Step 2: Compute for the circumference of the
ground wheel.
C = ()(D)
Where D is the diameter of the ground wheel in
meter.
Step 3: Compute the area covered.
A = (C)(M)(N)
Where N is the number of revolution
of the ground wheel.
RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS
 Step 4: Weigh the quantity of seed dropped per
area covered.

Step 5: Calculate the seed and fertilizer, dropped in

kg/ha and record on the data sheet.

Step 6: Repeat the process by suitable adjusting the

rate control till desired rate of seed drop is
obtained.

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

 Sample Problem (Calibration)
The following results were obtained while calibrating a
seed drill. Calculate the seed rate per hectare.
Given:
No. of furrow openers – 8
Spacing between furrows – 15 cm
Diameter of drive wheel – 1.5 m
RPM of the drive wheel – 600 rpm
Seed collected – 25 kg
Required:
Seeding rate
RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS
 Solution:
Effective width of seed drill = 8 ×15 = 120 cm = 1.2 m
Circumference of drive wheel = ()(1.5m)
Area covered in one revolution = ()(1.5m)(1.2m)
= 5.65 m2
Area covered in 600 revolutions = (5.65)(600)
= 3390 m2
Seed dropped for 3396 m2 = 25 kg
Seed dropped/ha = (25kg)(10000)/(3390 m2)
= 73.7 kg/ha
Seeding Rate = 73.7 kg/ha
RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS
 Rice Transplanter
Machines that place rice seedlings at a proper spacing
in a well prepared paddy soil.

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

 Types of Rice Transplanters
1. Manually Operated Rice Transplanter

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

 Types of Rice Transplanters
2. Self-Propelled Rice Transplanter
• Walk-behind

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

 Basic Parts of a Walk-behind Rice Transplanter
RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS
 Walk-behind Self Propelled Rice Transplanter
RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS
 Walk-behind Self Propelled Rice Transplanter
RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS
 Walk-behind Self Propelled Rice Transplanter
RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS
 Walk-behind Self Propelled Rice Transplanter
RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS
 Accelerator
Lever

Left Wheel Right Wheel

Clutch Clutch

Grasping Fork

Floating Board

Walk-behind Self Propelled Rice Transplanter

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS
 Accelerator
Lever
Grasping Fork

Walk-behind Self Propelled Rice Transplanter

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS
 Accelerator Level
 Accelerator is used to move the machine at desired
speed. The speed of the machine must be as
recommended by the manufacturer.

Floating Board
 The floating board serves as a base and helps when
transporting or planting with deep water in the field.
 The floating board may be lifted in a situation when
the machine is to be transported from one field to
another.

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

 Switches and Control Levers
RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS
 Down/Up
Switches Lever
(Stop, Run,
and Light)

Planting
Depth
Main Clutch

Seedlings Choke Planting

Amount Clutch

Switches and Control Levers

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS
 Main Clutch
 The main clutch is disengaged to run the engine in
idle condition and engaged to make the machine
ready to move for work.

Planting Clutch
 The planting clutch lever is used to engage or
disengage the power to the fingers.

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

 Number of Plants Per Hill Control

 The optimum number of plants per hill is very

important to get higher productivity.

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

 Control Lever for Seedling Amounts
RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS
 Planting Depth Control

 The optimum depth of planting of the seedlings is

very important because shallower depth will result in
the uprooting of seedlings even with mild flow of
water or wind.
 A deeper depth will result in submergence of the
planted seedlings, thereby creating the risk of
rotting.

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

 Control Lever for Planting Depth
RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS
 Control Lever for Reverse, Neutral, Speed 1, Park, and Speed 2

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

 Types of Rice Transplanters
2. Self-Propelled Rice Transplanter
• Riding Type Rice Transplanter

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

 Basic Parts of a Four Wheel Riding Type Rice Transplanter

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

 Three Wheel Riding Type Rice Transplanter
RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS
 Basic Parts of a Three Wheel Riding Type Rice Transplanter

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

 Advantages of Mechanical Transplanting

1. Transplanting of seedlings at the optimal age (14-

18 days).
2. Uniform spacing and optimum plant density (26-28
hills/m with 2-3 seedling per hill).
3. Higher productivity (0.5-0.7 t/ha) compared to
traditional methods where plant spacing and density
may not always be consistent.
4. Less transplanting shock, early seedling vigor and
uniform crop stand

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

 Advantages of Mechanical Transplanting

5. Lower stress, drudgery and health risks for farm

laborers.
6. Better employment opportunities for rural youth
through the development of custom service
business.
7. Addresses the problem of labor scarcity.

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

 Mechanical Transplanting Guidelines

1. Prepare the fields to a depth of 5-7 cm using a

harrow or cultivator.
2. Puddled fields should be levelled and the soil
allowed to settle for 12-24 hours.
3. In non-puddled conditions the soil should be tilled
one to two times using a harrow or cultivator and
then planked.
4. Prior to transplanting, apply light irrigation and drain
off any excess water.

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

 Mechanical Transplanting Guidelines

5. When planting, maintain a uniform depth of 1-2 cm

standing water. If weed density is high, a pre-plant
application of a non-selective herbicide, should be
done 24-48 hours before planting.

RICE CROP ESTABLISHMENT MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS

End of Presentation