THE MANAGEMENT

PROCESS
Introduction:

Objectives:

a. Define the common terms used in the management process

b. List down the expected functions of a nurse manager

c. Identify different functions of management

d. Discuss the concepts of each function using some examples

e. Discuss the classification of planning

f. Identify purposes of planning

g. Discuss the guidelines in formal planning

h. Identify approaches to planning

a. Planning – determining the long-and short-term objectives (ends) of the

institution or unit and the actions (means) that must be taken to achieve these

objectives

b. Staffing- Selecting the personnel to carry out these actions and placing them in

positions appropriate to their knowledge and skills.

c. Organizing- Mobilizing human and material resources so institutional objectives

can be achieved.
 d. Directing- Motivating and leading personnel to carry out the actions needed to

achieve the institution’s objectives.

e. Controlling- Comparing results with predetermined standards of performance

and taking corrective action when performance deviates from these standards

Topic:

Unit III. The Management Process

A. Major Functions in the Management Process

B. Planning

 Concepts, Nature, Purpose

 Classification of Plans
Management process

- consists of four primary functions that managers must perform:

planning, organizing, leading, and controlling

- begins with the three basic elements with which a manager deals: ideas,

things, and people

Functional management 

 Is the most common type of organizational management.

 The organization is grouped by areas of specialty within different functional areas

(e.g., finance, marketing, and engineering). Some refer to a functional area as a

"silo" means part of company or organization.

Major Functions of Management

f. Planning – determining the long-and short-term objectives (ends) of the

institution or unit and the actions (means) that must be taken to achieve these

objectives

g. Staffing- Selecting the personnel to carry out these actions and placing them in

positions appropriate to their knowledge and skills.

h. Organizing- Mobilizing human and material resources so institutional objectives

can be achieved.

i. Directing- Motivating and leading personnel to carry out the actions needed to

achieve the institution’s objectives.

j. Controlling- Comparing results with predetermined standards of performance

and taking corrective action when performance deviates from these standards.
 k. Decision Making- Identifying a problem, searching for solutions, and selecting

the alternative that best achieves the decision maker’s objectives.

Management Functions of a Nurse Manager:

• Functions include planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating and

• Nurse Managers also use the same functions as they fulfill their responsibilities in
the organization.

Planning in Management Process

A. Planning

- is a technical managerial function that enables organizations to deal with the

present and anticipate the future.

- It is the first and fundamental function of management because all other

management functions are dependent on it

- building a mental bridge from where you are now to where you want to

be when you have achieved the objective before you

-also defined as the systematic development of action programmed aimed

at reaching agreed objectives by the process of analyzing, evaluating and

selecting among the opportunities which are foreseen.

 It gives direction to the organization.

 It improves efficiency.

 It eliminates duplication of efforts.

 It concentrates resources on important services.

 It reduces guess work.

 It improves communication and coordination of activities

Classifications of Planning

A. Strategic Planning

- Top-level managers, formulate long-term strategic planning to

reinforce the firm’s mission

-specified for five years period or more; but circumstances dictate the

planning horizon.

B. Tactic Planning

- middle management is responsible for translating strategies into shorter-

term tactics.

- Tactical plans are often specified in one-year increments.

Eg. annual budget.

- is accomplished by fist-line managers

- Operational planning is most concerned with budgets, quotas and

schedules

Operational objective are:

 Narrow Scope

 Short-lived

 Subject to sudden change

Formal planning -

- it is a systematic process

- It consists of five guidelines

- These guidelines provide a general pattern of rational planning.

Guidelines of Formal Planning

1. Situation audit (Environmental assessment )

- It analyzes the past, current and future forces that affect

the organization.

- Expectation of outside interests such as government officials,

insurance companies and consumers are sought.

- Expectations of inside interests such as nurse, doctors,

administrators and other staffs are collected

- Success is defined as achieving organizational objectives.

- These are performance targets, he end results that

manager

seek to achieve

Characteristics of objectives:

 Specific

• Measurable

• Realistic and challenging

• Defined time period

3. Involve management and staff

- Involving a greater number of managers will result in better plans and

more wide spread acceptance of objectives.

4. Develop alternatives

- successful planning process will generate several options for manages

to consider.

- These options are alternative courses of action that can achieve the

same result

Alternatives should be:

• Realistic

 Sufficient

5. Communicate plans

- Planning requires clear and effective communication at all levels before

performance begins to mirror expectations.

2 Categories of Communicate Plan

A. Standing use plans- -are those that are used on a continuous basis

to achieve consistently repeated objectives.

- Standing plans take the form of:

 Policies - a standing plan that furnishes broad guidelines for

channeling management thinking toward taking action

consistent with reaching organizational objectives.

 Procedures - a standing plan that outlines a series of related actions

that must be taken to accomplish a particular task

 Rule - is a standing plan that designates specific requires action

or objectives that are seldom repeated. They are

communicated through:

 Programs - is a single use plan designed to carry out a special project within

an organization

 Budget: - is a single use financial plan that covers a specified length of time

 Schedule - is a commitment of resources and labor to tasks with specific time

frames.

Approaches to Planning

- There are three distinct approaches that describe who has the

responsibility for formulating plans:

 Centralized top down planning- is the traditional approach to planning in which

a centralized group of executives or staff assumes the

primary planning responsibility

 Bottom-up planning- is an approach that delegates planning authority to

division and department managers, who are expected to

formulate plans under the general strategic umbrella

of organizational objectives.

 Team planning- is a participative approach to planning

There are major functions of management these includes; planning, organizing,

staffing, directing, coordinating, and controlling. Planning is the first fundamental

function of management. There are classifications of planning first, strategic planning,

second, tactical planning, and operational planning. It also discuss the different

guidelines in formal planning and approaches to planning.

1. Always apply the management process in setting our goals.

2. Classifications of planning will be our guide in determining our scope of

competence.

3. Apply the guidelines of planning

4. Use different approaches of planning

 Amsale C. and Ato B.G. ( ) “Nursing Leadership and Management”, p. 48-52

 Adair,J. (2010) “ develop your leadership Skills”, p.