22/11/2019 Table of design properties for metric steel bolts M5 to M39 - Eurocode 3

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Eurocode 3
Table of design properties for metric hexagonal
bolts M5 to M39 (stress area, shear strength,
tensile strength, bearing strength)
Description:
Design aid - Table of design properties for individual metric hexagonal bolts including stress area, yield
strength, ultimate strength, shear resistance, tensile resistance, interaction between shear and
tension, bearing resistance, punching shear resistance
According to:
EN 1993-1-8:2005 Section 3.8
Supported National
Annexes:
The value of γM2 must be provided manually when di erent than 1.25.

Input
Shear plane passes through: =  Threaded part

Steel partial material safety factor for γM2 =  1.25

resistance of joints with bolt
connections

Tables

Strength properties for bolt steel according to EN 1991-1-8 Table 3.1

Excel

Bolt class

Symbol Description 4.6 4.8 5.6 5.8 6.8 8.8 10.9

fyb (MPa) Yield strength 240 320 300 400 480 640 900

fub Ultimate tensile

400 400 500 500 600 800 1000
(MPa) strength

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22/11/2019 Table of design properties for metric steel bolts M5 to M39 - Eurocode 3

Design properties for metric hex bolts (Typical coarse pitch thread)

Excel

Dimensions Hole diameter d0 [mm] Areas

Nut Stres
Gross area
Nominal width Normal Oversize Short Long area
(unthreaded
Size diameter across round round slotted slotted (thread
part)
d [mm] ats hole hole hole hole part
Ag [mm2]
s [mm] As [mm

M5 5 8 - - - - 19.6 1

M6 6 10 - - - - 28.3 2

M7 7 11 - - - - 38.5 2

M8 8 13 - - - - 50.3 3

M10 10 16 - - - - 78.5 5

M12 12 18 13 15 16×13 30.0×13 113 8

M14 14 21 15 17 18×15 35.0×15 154 1

M16 16 24 18 20 22×18 40.0×18 201 1

M18 18 27 20 22 24×20 45.0×20 254 1

M20 20 30 22 24 26×22 50.0×22 314 2

M22 22 34 24 26 28×24 55.0×24 380 3

Minimum end distance, edge distance, and spacing for bolt fasteners according
to EN1993-1-8 Table 3.3 (rounded up to nearest mm)

Excel

Normal round holes

Minimum Minimum edge Minimum Minimum center- Minim

end distance distance center-to-center to-center spacing end dist
along load perpendicular to spacing along perpendicular to along
Size
direction e1 load direction e2 load direction p1 load direction p2 directio
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm
(e1 = 1.2d0) (e2 = 1.2d0) (p1 = 2.2d0) (p2 = 2.4d0) (e1 = 1.

M12 16 16 29 32

M14 18 18 33 36

M16 22 22 40 44

M18 24 24 44 48

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22/11/2019 Table of design properties for metric steel bolts M5 to M39 - Eurocode 3

M20 27 27 49 53

M22 29 29 53 58

M24 32 32 58 63

M27 36 36 66 72

M30 40 40 73 80

M33 44 44 80 87

M36 47 47 86 94

Edge distances and spacing of bolt fasteners (reproduced from EN1993-1-1 Figure 3.1

Charts
Bolt interaction diagram - Combined shear and tension
(hover=value, drag=zoom, double-click=reset)

Shear and tension interaction: Fv,Ed/Fv,Rd + (Ft,Ed/Ft,Rd) / 1.4 <= 1.0

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22/11/2019 Table of design properties for metric steel bolts M5 to M39 - Eurocode 3

Notes
1. The design resistance of a group of fasteners may be taken as the sum of the design bearing
resistances Fb,Rd of the individual fasteners provided that the shear resistance Fv,Rd of each
individual fastener is greater than or equal to the design bearing resistance Fb,Rd. Otherwise
the design resistance of a group of fasteners should be taken as the number of fasteners
multiplied by the smallest design resistance of any of the individual fasteners as speci ed in
EN1993-1-8 § 3.7(1). For this case elastic linear distribution of internal forces should be used as
speci ed in EN1993-1-8 §3.12.
2. For preloaded bolted connections which are slip-resistant at the Serviceability Limit State or
the Ultimate Limit State the corresponding shear load Fv,Ed should not exceed the design slip
resistance as speci ed in EN1993-1-8 §3.9 and Table 3.2. Only bolt assemblies of classes 8.8
and 10.9 may be used as preloaded bolts.
3. According to EN1993-1-8 § 3.6.1(4) the design shear resistance Fv,Rd should only be used where
the bolts are used in holes with nominal clearances not exceeding those for normal holes as
speci ed in EN 1090-2 'Requirements for the execution of steel structures'.
4. Minimum and maximum spacing p1, p2 and edge distances e1, e2 for bolts are given in EN1993-
1-8 Table 3.3. The minimum values are: e1 ≥ 1.2d0, e2 ≥ 1.2d0, p1 ≥ 2.2d0, p2 ≥ 2.4d0, where d0 is
the diameter of the hole, e1, p1 are measured parallel to the load transfer direction and e2, p2
are measured perpendicular to the load transfer direction.
5. According to EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4 the bearing resistance Fb,Rd of the bolt is not a ected by the
spacing p1, p2 and edge distances e1, e2 provided that the following limits are observed: e1 ≥
3.0d0, e2 ≥ 1.5d0, p1 ≥ 3.75d0, p2 ≥ 3.0d0.
6. According to EN1993-1-8 § 3.6.1(12) where bolts transmitting load in shear and bearing pass
through packing plates of total thickness tp greater than d / 3 the design shear resistance Fv,Rd
should be multiplied by the reduction factor βp speci ed in EN1993-1-8 equation 3.3.
7. According to EN1993-1-8 § 3.8(1) for long joints where the distance between the centers of the
end fasteners measured in the direction of load transfer is more than 15d the design shear
resistance Fv,Rd of all the fasteners should be multiplied by the reduction factor βLf speci ed in
EN1993-1-8 equation 3.5.
8. According to EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4 the bearing resistance Fb,Rd for bolts in holes other than
normal should be multiplied by the following reduction factors: Oversized holes = 0.8, slotted
holes with longitudinal axis perpendicular to the load transfer direction = 0.6.
9. According to EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4 for countersunk bolts the tension resistance Ft,Rd is
evaluated by considering k2 = 0.63 instead of k2 = 0.9. Therefore for countersunk bolts the
calculated tension resistance Ft,Rd should be reduced by a factor of 0.63 / 0.9 = 0.7. In addition
for countersunk bolts the bearing resistance Fb,Rd should be based on a plate thickness t equal
to the depth of the connected plate minus half the depth of the countersinking.
10. For bolts with cut threads where the threads do not comply with EN 1090 the relevant
resistances should be multiplied by a factor of 0.85 according to EN1993-1-8 § 3.6.1(3).

Details
De nition of standard metric bolts
The standarized properties of metric bolts are speci ed in the international standard ISO 898-1:2009
'Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel - Part 1: Bolts, screws and
studs with speci ed property classes - Coarse thread and ne pitch thread'. According to ISO 898-1
the bolts are characterized depending on their pitch thread:

Course pitch thread: For general applications course pitch thread bolts are used. They are
designated by their nominal diameter d in mm pre xed by the letter 'M'. The standard course
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22/11/2019 Table of design properties for metric steel bolts M5 to M39 - Eurocode 3
g y p y
pitch thread metric bolt sizes are: M3, M3.5, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M10, M12, M14, M16, M18,
M20, M22, M24, M27, M30, M33, M36, M39.
Fine pitch thread: For special applications ne pitch thread bolts may be used. They are
designated as above also including the pitch of thread in mm e.g. M8 × 1, M14 × 1.5, M27 × 2
etc. In general the stress area of ne pitch thread bolts passing through the threaded part is
larger as compared to the course pitch thread bolts. The calculated strength properties for
course pitch thread bolts may be used conservatively for ne pitch thread bolts.

Geometric properties of metric bolts

Nominal diameter
The nominal diameter d is speci ed in mm as part of the bolt designation, e.g. 8 mm for M8 bolt. The
standard metric bolt diameters are speci ed in the standard ISO 898-1 Tables 4 and 5. For typical
coarse pitch thread bolts the standard sizes are: M3, M3.5, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M10, M12, M14,
M16, M18, M20, M22, M24, M27, M30, M33, M36, M39.

Width of nut across ats

The width of the hexagon nuts across ats s is speci ed in ISO 898-2 Table A.1 for bolt sizes M5 to
M39.

Hole diameter
The design shear resistance of bolts Fv,Rd as given in EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4 is only valid when the bolt
is used in holes with nominal clearance not exceeding the values given in the standard EN 1090-2
'Requirements for the execution of steel structures', as speci ed in EN1993-1-8 §3.6.1(4). The
resulting hole diameter d0 for each type of hole (normal, oversize, short slotted, long slotted) is
determined by adding the nominal clearance given in EN 1090-2 Table 11 to the nominal diameter d
of the bolt.

Nominal gross area

The nominal gross area Ag corresponds to the cross-sectional area of the unthreaded part of the
bolt:

Ag = π⋅d2 / 4

Tensile stress area

The tensile stress area As corresponds to the reduced cross-sectional area inside the threaded part
of the bolt. The tensile stress area depends on the thread and it can be calculated according to ISO
898-1 Section 9.1.6.1. For standard course pitch thread and ne pitch thread bolts the nominal
stress area As is provided in ISO 898-1 Tables 4 to 7.

In general the tensile stress area and the shear stress area are di erent. According to EN1993-1-8
Table 3.4 the shear strength of the bolt may be based on the tensile stress area.

De nition of bolt classes 4.6, 4.8 etc.

The yield strength fyb and the ultimate tensile strength fub for bolt classes 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 5.8, 6.8, 8.8,
and 10.9 are given in EN1993-1-8 Table 3.1. The rst number of the bolt class corresponds to the
ultimate strength e.g. 400 MPa for classes 4.x, 500 MPa for classes 5.x, 600 MPa for classes 6.x, 800
MPa for classes 8.x, and 1000 MPa for classes 10.x. The second number corresponds to the ratio of
yield strength to ultimate strength e.g. 60% for class 4.6 leading to a yield strength of 0.60 × 400 MPa
= 240 MPa.

Tensile strength of bolts

The tension resistance of the bolt Ft,Rd is provided in EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4:

Ft,Rd = k2 ⋅ fub ⋅ As / γM2

where:
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k2 is a coe cient that takes values k2 = 0.63 for countersunk bolts or k2 = 0.9 otherwise.
fub is the ultimate tensile strength of the bolt depending on the bolt class (see table above).
As is the nominal tensile stress area of the bolt.
γM2 is the partial safety factor for the resistance of bolts in accordance with EN1993-1-8 §2.2(2)
Table 2.1 and the National Annex. The recommended value in EN1993-1-8 is γM2 = 1.25.

Shear strength of bolts

The shear resistance of the bolt per shear plane Fv,Rd is provided in EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4:

Fv,Rd = αv ⋅ fub ⋅ A / γM2

where:

αv is a coe cient that takes values αv = 0.6 for bolt classes 4.6, 5.6, 8.8 or αv = 0.5 for bolt
classes 4.8, 5.8, 6.8 and 10.9. When the shear plane passes through the unthreaded part of the
bolt αv = 0.6.
fub is the ultimate tensile strength of the bolt depending on the bolt class (see table above)
A is the appropriate area for shear resistance. When the shear plane passes through the
threaded part of the bolt A is equal to the tensile stress area of the bolt As. When the shear
plane passes through the unthreaded part of the bolt A is equal to the gross cross-sectional
area of the bolt Ag.
γM2 is the partial safety factor for the resistance of bolts in accordance with EN1993-1-8 §2.2(2)
Table 2.1 and the National Annex. The recommended value in EN1993-1-8 is γM2 = 1.25.

Combined shear and tension

The interaction between shear and tension is expressed in EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4 according to the
following linear relation:

Fv,Ed / Fv,Rd + (Ft,Ed / Ft,Rd) / 1.4 ≤ 1.0

where:

Fv,Ed is the applied shear load and Fv,Rd is the shear resistance of the bolt.
Ft,Ed is the applied tensile load and Ft,Rd is the tension resistance of the bolt.

Bearing strength of bolts

The bearing resistance of the bolt Fb,Rd should be veri ed against the applied shear load Fv,Ed in
accordance with EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4:

Fb,Rd = k1 ⋅ αb ⋅ fu ⋅ d ⋅ t / γM2

where:

fu is the ultimate tensile strength of the connected plate

d is the nominal diameter of the bolt.
t is the thickness of the connected plate.
γM2 is the partial safety factor for the resistance of bolts in accordance with EN1993-1-8 §2.2(2)
Table 2.1 and the National Annex. The recommended value in EN1993-1-8 is γM2 = 1.25.

The coe cient k1 is:

for edge bolts: k1 = min( 2.8⋅e2/d0 - 1.7, 1.4⋅p2/d0 - 1.7, 2.5 )

for inner bolts: k1 = min( 1.4⋅p2/d0 - 1.7, 2.5 )

where e2 is the distance between the center of the edge bolt and the end of the plate measured
perpendicular to the load transfer direction, p2 is the distance between the centers of neighboring
bolts measured perpendicular to the load transfer direction, and d0 is the diameter of the bolt hole.

The coe cient αb is:

αb = min( αd, fub/fu, 1.0 )

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for end bolts: αd = e1/(3⋅d0)

for inner bolts: αd = p1/(3⋅d0) - 1/4

where e1 is the distance between the center of the end bolt and the end of the plate measured
parallel to the load direction, p1 is the distance between the centers of neighboring bolts measured
parallel to the load direction, and d0 is the diameter of the bolt hole.

Therefore, based on the equations above, the bearing resistance of the bolt Fb,Rd is not a ected by
the distances e1, p1, e2, p2 when the following conditions are satis ed:

for edge bolts: e1 ≥ 3.0⋅d0 and e2 ≥ 1.5⋅d0

for inner bolts: p1 ≥ 3.75⋅d0 and p2 ≥ 3.0⋅d0

Punching strength of bolts

The punching resistance of the bolt Bp,Rd should be veri ed against the applied tensile load Ft,Ed in
accordance with EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4:

Bp,Rd = 0.6⋅π ⋅ dm ⋅ tp ⋅ fu / γM2

where:

dm is the mean of the across points and across ats dimensions of the bolt head or the nut,
whichever is smaller.
tp is the plate thickness under the bolt or nut.
fu is the ultimate tensile strength of the steel plate.
γM2 is the partial safety factor for the resistance of bolts in accordance with EN1993-1-8 §2.2(2)
Table 2.1 and the National Annex. The recommended value in EN1993-1-8 is γM2 = 1.25.

The value of the mean diameter dm is estimated as follows. The distance across ats s of the nut is
given in the standard ISO 898-2. By approximately ignoring the corner rounding for a perfect
hexagon the relation of the distance across points s' and the distance across ats s is s' = s / cos(30°)
= 1.1547⋅s. Therefore the mean diameter dm is approximately:

dm = (s + 1.1547⋅ s) / 2 = 1.07735⋅s

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