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Che614 Introduction To Hydrodynamic Stability Assignment 2 Due Date: 18 August 2014 Elementary Theory of Bifurcations

This document provides instructions for an assignment on elementary theory of bifurcations. Students are asked to sketch vector fields and determine bifurcation types for dynamical systems with varying parameters r. They are also asked to analyze fixed points, phase planes, and solutions for several systems of differential equations. Use of Mathematica or Matlab is recommended to help solve problems numerically and graphically.

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Annas Fauzy
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129 views1 page

Che614 Introduction To Hydrodynamic Stability Assignment 2 Due Date: 18 August 2014 Elementary Theory of Bifurcations

This document provides instructions for an assignment on elementary theory of bifurcations. Students are asked to sketch vector fields and determine bifurcation types for dynamical systems with varying parameters r. They are also asked to analyze fixed points, phase planes, and solutions for several systems of differential equations. Use of Mathematica or Matlab is recommended to help solve problems numerically and graphically.

Uploaded by

Annas Fauzy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ChE614 Introduction to hydrodynamic stability

Assignment 2 Due Date: 18 August 2014


Elementary theory of bifurcations
You are advised to either make use of Mathematica or Matlab to help solve the assignment,
especially in sketching the functions etc., in order to locate the fixed points.

1. For the following dynamical equations, sketch all the qualitatively different vector fields as
the parameter r is varied. Determine the type of bifurcation that occurs at a critical value of
r, and determine that critical value. Finally sketch the bifurcation diagram of the fixed points
x∗ as a function of r:

(a) ẋ = 1 + rx + x2
(b) ẋ = x − rx(1 − x)
(c) ẋ = rx − sinh(x)
(d) ẋ = x(r − exp[x])
(e) ẋ = r − cosh(x)
(f) ẋ = x + rx
(1+x2 )

2. Consider the system ẋ = rx + x3 − x5 which exhibits a subcritical pitchfork bifurcation.

(a) What type of bifurcation occurs for this system ?


(b) Find algebraic expressions for all the fixed points as r varies.
(c) Sketch the vector fields as r varies. Indicate all the fixed points and their stability.
(d) Calculate r, the parameter value at which nonzero fixed points are born in a saddle-node
bifurcation.

3. Consider the system ẋ = −y and ẏ = −x.

(a) Sketch the vector field in the phase plane.


(b) Show that the trajectories of the system are hyperbolas of the form x2 − y 2 = const. To
do this, recast the governing equations in the form xẋ − y ẏ = 0 and integrate.
(c) Determine the nature of the origin (i.e. stable/unstable/saddle point).
(d) Introduce two new variables u = x + y and v = x − y. Rewrite the system of equations
in terms of u and v. Solve for u(t) and v(t) starting from an arbitrary initial condition
(u0 , v0 ).
(e) Write the general solution for x(t) and y(t) with initial condition (x0 , y0 ), using the
solution obtained in the previous step.

4. Determine the solution of the system of ODEs: ẋ = x − y and ẏ = x + y.

(a) Write this in the vector-matrix form, and find the eigenvalues (λ) and eigenvectors (v)
of the matrix A.
(b) The general solution is x(t) = c1 exp[λ1 t]v1 + c2 exp[λ2 t]. Rewrite this solution
in terms of real-valued functions using the Eulers formula for exp[iωt] = cos[ωt] +
i sin[ωt].

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