Introduction to
Memory
Barbara Oakley, PhD, PE
Здравствуйте
Long term memory
Working memory
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Four slots
Short term memory
Long term memory
Working memory
Long term
memory
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Recommended Reading
• Baddeley, A., Eysenck, M. W., & Anderson, M. C. (2009). Memory. NY: Psychology Press.
• Carpenter, S. K., Cepeda, N. J., Rohrer, D., Kang, S. H. K., & Pashler, H. (2012). Using spacing to enhance diverse
forms of learning: Review of recent research and implications for instruction. Educational Psychology Review, 24(3), 369-
378. doi: 10.1007/s10648-012-9205-z
• Cowan, N. (2001). The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24(1), 87-114.
• Dudai, Y. (2004). The neurobiology of consolidations, or, how stable is the engram? Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 51-
86.
• Dunlosky, J., Rawson, K. A., Marsh, E. J., Nathan, M. J., & Willingham, D. T. (2013). Improving students’ learning with
effective learning techniques: Promising directions from cognitive and educational psychology. Psychological Science in
the Public Interest, 14(1), 4-58.
• Guida, A., Gobet, F., Tardieu, H., & Nicolas, S. (2012). How chunks, long-term working memory and templates offer a
cognitive explanation for neuroimaging data on expertise acquisition: A two-stage framework. Brain and Cognition,
79(3), 221-244. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2012.01.010
• Rawson, K. A., & Dunlosky, J. (2011). Optimizing schedules of retrieval practice for durable and efficient learning:
How much is enough? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 140(3), 283.
• Rohrer, Doug, Robert F. Dedrick, and Kaleena Burgess. "The Benefit of Interleaved Mathematics Practice Is Not
Limited to Superficially Similar Kinds of Problems." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review in press (2013).
• Rohrer, D., & Pashler, H. (2010). Recent research on human learning challenges conventional instructional
strategies. Educational Researcher, 39(5), 406-412.
Illustration credits
• Barbara Oakley, age 3, looking happy as the proverbial
clam.
• Brain cross-section, ©Kevin Mendez, 2014.
• Metabolic vampires, ©Kevin Mendez, 2014.
• Pinball metaphor, ©Kevin Mendez, 2014.
• Brick walls, ©Kevin Mendez, 2014.
• Clip art courtesy Microsoft Corporation.
