Department of General Science
Soran University - Faculty of Education
Third Stage
Organic Chemistry
Name of Experiment: Recrystallization and
Purification of the Solid Organic Compound
Experiment No: 1
Group: B
Prepared by: Ashty Ali Braim
Group1:
1-Baran Sahab
2-Zaytun Maulud
3-Hadya Jamil
4-Nihayat Jalil
5- Baran Shahab
Data of testing: 6 / 9 / 2222
Data of report: 13 / 9 / 2222
Introduction:
Organic compound synthesized in the laboratory isolated from natural
sources are often contaminated with impurities. Recrystallization is a
method for removing impurities from organic compounds that are solid
at room temperature. This method relies on the observation that the
solubility of a compound will decrease as a solution cools until the
solution becomes saturated, and crystals from. Recrystallization can
produce very pure compound. When a warm solution of a compound
cools and reaches the saturation point, small seed crystals of the
compound from in the solution. Slowly, additional molecules of the
compound attach to the seed crystal and the crystals grow. Since
molecules in the crystals have a greater affinity for other molecules of
the same type than they do far any impurities, the process of crystal
formation gives rise to relatively pure crystals. The impurities originally
present in the compound are left in solution. In this laboratory I will
have the opportunity to carry out the recrystallization of one organic
compound, (Benzoic acid). In this experiment l practice in the technique
recrystallize benzoic acid from water. this technique is important to
chemistry because it is one of the most often used methods for
purification of solids, allowing one to achieve one of the highest states
purity. Once a solid has been recrystallized, it is important to determine
the purity of the recrystallized solid. An easy way to do this is by taking
melting point of the solid.
Procedure:
1) Be prepared Assemble solvents, glassware, charcoal and
equipment needed through the hot filtration step.
2) Place the impure solid in an Erlenmeyer flask. Add solvent to
cover the solid and to make slurry.
3) On a hot plate, hate to a gentle boil with swirling and stirring.
4) With continued heating, add small amount of hot solvent until the
entire sample is dissolved.
5) Remove the flask from the heat and swirl until the solution is a
little below its boiling point, cautiously add a little charcoal and
swirl again. Keep the mixture at or near its boiling point for (2 – 3
minutes), with swirling.
6) If you need to do hot filtration, filter the hot liquid through fluted
filter paper using a preheated stemless or powder funnel into
second Erlenmeyer flask.
7) Rinse the original flask with some additional hot solvent and run
through the filter.
8) Bring the solution back to gentle boil, with swirling. Heat for a few
minutes to evaporate some solvent and concentrate the solution.
9) Set the flask aside to cool to room temperature. During this
cooling, initiate crystal formation by scratching the glass in the
solution with a spatula, or by adding a seed crystal, if available
11) Once the mixture has cooled, chill it thoroughly in an ice bas.
Also, chill a small amount (~12mL) fresh solvent in the ice bath to
use in later steps.
11) Vacuum filters your crystals, using the cold filtrate to help
transfer crystals from the Erlenmeyer to the filters paper.
12) Rinse the flask and wash the crystals with a small portion of
the chilled fresh solvent. use your spatula to spread the crystals
out and push solvent out of crystals. draw air through the filter
cake to dry the crystals.
13) Transfer the crystals (and filter paper, if using a Buchner
funnel) to a pre- weighed watch glass, and spread them out to let
them dry (usually, overnight).
14) Record the mass of your crystals.
15) Calculate the percent recovered using the following written
formula and determine the melting point of your recrystallized.
Materials and Equipment
1. Hot plate 125-Erlenmeyer flask
2. Ice
3. Stirring rod
4. Spatula
5. Buchner funnel
6. Impure organic material
7. Weighing paper
8. Digital scales
9. Rubber tubing (hose)
12. Boiling stones (chips)
11. Filter paper
12. Graduated cylinder(25mL)
13. Beaker (52mL)
14. Melting point apparatus
Physical data (including calculations):
011 Weight of benzoic acid before recrystallization
=1g/151mLwater
Weight of benzoic acid after recrystallization = 1.0g
%recovery = *122 =
06
%recovery = 011 = 062
1
Discussion of results (conclusions);
In this lab I was learned it has several techniques for purification of
organic compound.one very effective way to purify solids is through
recrystallization. Recrystallization is one of the most important
techniques for an organic chemist to know.it is a method for purifying
solid compounds which are frequently the product organic reaction.
Impure crystalline substances can be purified by recrystallization from a
suitable solvent. This process depends two facts; most compound are
more soluble in hot solvents than in cold ones, and impurities have
solubility different from those of desired compound.so in
recrystallization techniques should ;(1) Dissolving the impure material
in a minimum amount of boiling solvent, (2) filtering the hot solution to
remove insoluble impurities, (3) allowing solution to cool slowly to
deposit crystals of the compound, (4) filtering the crystal from the
solution. This experiment illustrates recrystallization benzoic acid from
single solvent {water}. If recrystallization to be effective, the solvent
must be properly selected. A good recrystallization solvent should,
dissolve a moderate quantity of the substance being purified at an
elevated temperatures, not react with the substance being purified,
dissolve impurities readily at a low temperature or not dissolve them at
all, and, be readily removable from the purified product.
During this lab a mixture of benzoic acid and, Di water was heated in an
Erlenmeyer flask until the solution had a clear blue appearance and was
boiling. The purpose of this was to ensure that no solids would be
present in the solution. The flask was then cooled in an ice bath after
been exposed to room temperature for some time. This was to allow
for the impurities to be left in the solution while the product, being
high in concentration, crystallize. The cooled solution was then vacuum
filtered and then immediately placed in a heatvac. This step was to
make sure that no water was present in the solid that rapid heating
would provide crystals that were free of any water. The mass of both
filter paper and the crystal were then recorded in order to later
calculate the percent recovery. Finally, the melting points was assessed
compared for both melting point of the pure benzoic acid and the
recrystallized sample.
Answers to question;
1) Butane →is non polar 58.12
Pentanol → is non polar 88.15
Heptanol →is polar 2.228
n-hexane →is non polar 2.1
Diethyl ether → is non polar 4.33
Diethyl ether is less polar than hexan
2) The solubility of solid X in hot water= (5.52g/122mL), at 122C
The solubility of solid X in cold water (2.53g/122mL), at 2C
Minimum percent recovery from recrystallization X=? ,
If g solid X=5g/122M
0 35
Grams solid lost in cold water= 011 9% 46
3 30
Grams solid lost in cold water=grams mass of original solid *percent
lost=5g * 02.64 =2.482g
g (solid recovered)=g (solid) – g (solid lost)=5-2.482=4.52g
%recovery =g (solid recovery)*122/g (solid)=4.52.5=092.4
3) The solubility of compound X in ethanol is 2.82g/122mL at 2C
The solubility of compound X in ethanol is 5g/122Ml at 78C
Minimum amount of ethanol needed to recrystallization 12g/122ml
sample of compound X =??
Sample remaining in cold solvent =??
Amount of ethanol needed at78C= (12g*122ml)/5g=242mL
Amount of sample remaining in the cold solvent at 2C =
(242ml*2.8g)/122ml=1.9g
%Lost= ( 2.82 / 5)*122= 016 01 904 0 %1
