International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (IJRAT) Special Issue
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org
National Conference on “Role of Information Technology in Social Innovations”
26th & 27th February 2019
Review of IOT Based Health Monitoring System
1 2 3
Prema T. Akkasaligar , Soumya Potnis , Shambhavi Tolnur
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,BLDEA’s Dr.P.G.Halakatti College of Engineering and
Technology,Vijaypur
1 2 3
Email: cs.akkasligar@bldeacet.ac.in, npotnissoumya@gmail.com ,vyom221@gmail.com
Abstract-The Internet of things has provided opportunity and applications for medical patients. The IOT
applications are key enabling technologies in medical service. It is important way for taking care of patient’s
health. IOT is consisting of communication and sensors which are suitable tools for IOT based health care
monitoring system. The aim of this review paper is to summarize various health parameters of human body using
sensors proposed by different authors. In recent years more powerful IOT applications are developed as well
wide range of opportunities are provided. Health monitoring system has been challenges for researchers. The
important application of IOT system is it helps to decrease health related problems of patients.
Index Terms-Health care monitoring system, Temperature sensors, ECG sensors, Heart rate sensors, Blood
pressure sensors.
1. INTRODUCTION monitoring is required. By using the internet of things
we can observe various parameters of the patients
IOT application demand is very high these days. continuously for longer duration. Hence we
Basically, IOT is nothing but a network where all the summarize IOT system which is helpful in producing
physical objects are connected to the internet through useful internet applications for medical field.
various sensors, devices etc. Different objects are
remotely controlled across an existing network. IOT is 2. MOTIVATION
an intelligent technique which reduces human effort
and data can be accessed easily through physical The facilities in rural hospitals for health care are
devices. No human interaction is required in this limited. Due to the lack of quality of health
system as it contains autonomous feature through management enables issues in health care system
which devices are controlled. .Everyone should be aware of their own health. Also,
it should be beneficial for each. WHO defines the
Health problems are increasing at a high rate now a doctor-patient ratio will be 1:1000 which has been
day. The introduction of a change in sensors failed in India.
technology is designed by a system that includes
several sensors to collect information about human There is a lack of resources to reach out the problems
body parameters. It will be transmitted on an IoT of individuals in developing countries. It becomes
platform that can be easily retrieved by the very expensive for a common man to afford daily
unprofessional people through the internet. health check-up of his health. The IOT various system
has been developed for this purpose to give assured
services. These system reduces time with safely
History about patients health can be monitored and handled equipment.
analyzed using an accessible database which will be
further used by the doctor. The data can be saved on
the server permanently. The health monitoring system
is capable of identifying various parameters of a 3. LITERATURE SURVEY
human body are measured and further this information In [1], author has presented “An IOT Based Health
will be transmitted on an IoT through technologies. If care monitoring system”. Constant observation is
any abnormal activity is recognized nearby the patient, required in hospitals where the patients are under
the system automatically generates alerts and alert is medical care for a longer period of time. Although the
sent to a personal doctor and family members in case patient is not in a critical situation, the doctors still
of emergency. need confirmation on their health parameters. Now a
Nowadays many devices are economically available day, the expenses for hospitalization are high and
for personal health care, activity awareness, and expensive. So the health policies in various countries
fitness. In hospitals the patients must be under have shifted its focus from providing reactive, acute
continuous monitoring for a longer period so constant care to provide care outside the hospital. Hence author
designs and build the sensing data that conditions the
95
International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (IJRAT) Special Issue
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org
National Conference on “Role of Information Technology in Social Innovations”
26th & 27th February 2019
system to display accurate body parameters of the buzzer is to indicate the nearby persons that the
patients. patient is in critical situations.
The aim of this paper is to supervise the heart In this paper, there is a discussion over the security
rate, blood pressure, temperature and ECG requirements of authentication. Particularly they have
continuously through respective sensors. The recorded represented a ECC-based RFID authentication in
data is sent to the device and if the value exceeds, the terms of implementation and authentication. Even
alert message will be sent to the doctor. though most of these cannot satisfy the security
In [2], author has presented “An IOT Based Smart requirements and implementation.
Health care system using Raspberry Pi”. They have In [5], author has presented “A Literature Survey in
used an exclusive sensor to monitor a patient’s health ECG Feature Extraction”. Patient’s health has been
parameters. Hence author has used platform Raspberry observed in this paper. There is a well organized
Pi for IoT. The Raspberry Pi is a platform which health monitoring system developed and designed by
offers compact platform for a Linux server with a low author. The system enables the doctors to monitor
cost. The combination of Raspberry Pi and IoT is a patient’s health parameters (temp, heartbeat, ECG,
new changing technology in the healthcare system. position). The parameters of the patient are measured
Raspberry Pi collects various data from sensors and continuously (temp, heartbeat, ECG) and wirelessly
transfers to database. Cloud computing possess transmitted using zigbee.
numerous advantages such as flexibility, highly It provides a solution for improving the
automated, low cost etc. The Cloud's features enable performance and power management of the patient
customers to build and deploy their applications on health monitoring system. The presented system is
virtual servers. used to continuously observe and analyze the data in
Here the author has concentrated over the microcontroller. If a particular patient’s health
idea of separating wireless sensor network and cloud parameter falls below the particular range, SMS is sent
computing. Once sensors are connected to patients’ to the doctor’s mobile number using a standard GSM
bodies, they start to receive and transmit data to the module.
database sensors like temperature (DS18B20), They have used Zigbee for wireless networking.
heartbeat, blood pressure, ECG (AD8232) services The doctor can collect a record of a particular patient’s
available in the cloud are responsible for receiving, data by accessing the database of the patient on their
storing, and distributing patient’s data. respective PC which is persistently updated through
In [3] author has presented “SInternet of Things as Zigbee.
Key Enabler for Sustainable Healthcare Delivery”. In [6], author presented “IOT Based Patient
Monitoring System”. It is a mobile physiological
Here the author considers IOT as a global network
monitoring system that is capable of continuously
infrastructure, linking physical and virtual objects. monitoring the patient’s heart rate using ECG. Using
This architecture consists of existing and evolving replaceable electrodes ECG sensor can be attached to
internet and network developments. Exclusive object- the patient’s chest. Signals produced during muscle
identification, sensor and connection capability are contraction is sensed by the system and recorded. The
offered. Hence sensors will be characterized by a high signals collected from the body are converted to an
degree of data capture. electrical signal. This paper shows the use of smart
This paper aims to show how radio healthcare system. This new technology is capable of
frequencies are identified and Internet of Things offering a large range of benefits to patients through
technologies allow patients to access healthcare early detection of abnormal conditions.
services. In [7], author presented “Health Monitoring Systems
In [4], author has presented “Simulation of Health using IoT and Raspberry Pi”. IOT Raspberry Pi based
care Monitoring System in Internet of Things by health care monitoring system has been analyzed by
Using RFID”. Author has designed the effective author in this paper. Any unusualitiy in condition of
healthcare monitoring system using the IoT. The patient health can be detected and informed to the
health monitoring system plays a vital role with IOT; related person of patient. The elemental component of
the RFID tag is used to initialize the bed system as a ECG is Instrumentation Amplifier, which is
key. The sensors are used to observe the patient’s responsible for taking the differences in the voltage.
condition frequently. The information report of patient The exhibited system is efficient and easy to
is transmitted to the website through IOT system so understand. It is a connection between patient and
that the doctor the can know about the condition of the doctor.
patient. The movable bed mechanism is used to adjust
the bed according to the patient’s condition. The
96
International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (IJRAT) Special Issue
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org
National Conference on “Role of Information Technology in Social Innovations”
26th & 27th February 2019
In [8], author presented a “Review on-IOT Based correctly and message will be sent in case of
smart healthcare system”. Here architecture of Smart possibilities of heart attack.
Health Care Monitoring and IOT is demonstrated by In [12], author has presented “Heart rate Monitoring
author. New technologies help in minimizing the System”. This paper explains a unique contribution in
better quality as well security concept. ECG signals identifying all components of an IOT healthcare
are obtained by electrodes that are placed on the chest. system. A generic model is proposed that can be
Later wires are connected to ECG sensor applied to IOT based healthcare monitor. It is
(AD8232).The sensor is used in measuring the important and no known end-to-end system is found
electrical activity of the heart. Problems and for remote monitoring of health issues.
challenges that could be faced in future are presented Here concentration is given more on the sensors to
by this system. Applications of IOT can be improved observe the various parameters of the patient body.
using new methodologies and technologies. Sensors The contribution is done by concentrating on
like Blood pressure, Temperature, Heart rate, ECG are LPWANs (Wide Area Network), by focusing on their
used in IOT along with Raspberry Pi kit and Wi-Fi unique suitability for use of IoT systems.
module. In [13], author has presented “Survey of IOT Based
In[9], author has presented “An Overview on Heart Patient Health Monitoring System”. Here author
rate Monitoring and Pulse Oximeter System”. In this proposes a smart health care system that includes
paper a low-cost device is described that measures the smart identification tag, server and internet.
heart rate of the patient by placing sensors on the Physiological conditions are provided by smart
fingers, later the result will be displayed on LCD. The identification tag on the basis of medical report of the
designed system can be used by unprofessional patient which is diagnosed by doctor via WLAN. The
people. The change in heart rate can be displayed by objective of this paper is to monitor the patient often.
graph using graphical LCD. Over a period of time, New technology proposed here is capable of providing
maximum and minimum heart rate can be displayed a large range of benefits to patients. The author has
using the designed system. Abnormalities are proposed a mobile physiological monitoring system,
displayed on LCD indicated by buzzer. In order to which is capable of monitoring the patient’s body
send heart rate to PC output should be attached.
parameters in the hospital. Sensing, and controlling
In [10], author has presented “Heart rate
are the functions of smart system and decision made is
Measurement from the Finger Using a Low Cost
Microcontroller”. IOT has a wide range of application. based on available data.
IoT has been developed for Wireless sensor network In [14], author has proposed “Survey Paper for
(WSN). Using IOT, health monitoring designs are Health Recommender System”. Here various
presented. There are some problems that are related to parameters of the human body are detected by the
health monitoring and IOT. New technologies help to designed health monitoring system. Later this data is
minimize better quality as well as security concept. made available to doctors via internet. In case of
New technologies and methodologies are used. emergency when the person is not in a state of
Aurdino board, Wi-Fi modules, temperature, pulse conscious, the alerts will be generated automatically
oximeter, blood pressure, heartbeat rate sensors are and sent to the doctor. Here records of health
used in IoT. parameters can be instantly used. People pay attention
In [11], author has presented, “Heart Attack towards prevention and early identification of disease,
Detection and Heart Rate Monitoring Using IOT”. In this Author has examined aurdino based health monitoring
paper with the help of observed heart rate through IOT system. Disability can be detected in the health
device, heart attack can be detected. Here the methods through sensors through internet and informed to the
used by author includes Arduino board, Wi-Fi module particular person. The proposed architecture is
and pulse sensor. Pulse sensor will start sensing the heart efficientient and easy to understand. It plays as a
rate readings once the system is set and heart rate of the connection between doctor and patient.
patient will be displayed on LCD screen. Data can be
In [15], author has presented “Remote Health care
transmitted over internet with the use of Wi-Fi module.
Monitoring System using Arduino Board over
By checking a patient’s heart rate it can be determined if
the patient is healthy or not based on heart rate displayed
Distributed Ubiquitous Environment”. Here author
on the LCD screen. Limits are set to the system, heart concentrates on IoT based Smart Healthcare System.
rate of the patient is monitored and immediately alert The major objective of this designed system is to
message will be sent by the system if the heart rate goes transfer the patient’s health parameters.
below or above threshold value. They have implemented This paper proposes the efficient system for
an application that will track and monitor heart rate of observing patient pulse rate and temperature. The
patient system uses pulse sensor to keep track of heart rate of
97
International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (IJRAT) Special Issue
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org
National Conference on “Role of Information Technology in Social Innovations”
26th & 27th February 2019
the patient. With the use of sensors we can access the [5] Thirumurugan,S. Surendhar, R. Sathesh Raaj, N.
various parameters of body. These input data are Ezhilmathi
transmitted to the computer for family and doctor’s for [6] Hemalatha Rallapalli, Pavani Bethelli “IOT
reference. Thus in the modern health care system, the Based Patient
usage of IoT technologies have brought many benefits Monitoring System”, Int. J. of Computing,
for patients, Communications and Instrumentation Engg.
(IJCCIE), 4(1), 2017, pp.115-118.
In [16], author has presented “Zigbee and GSM [7] Vivek Pardeshi, Saurabh Sagar, Swapnil
Based Patient Health Monitoring System”. Here a Murmurwar, Pankaj Hage “Health Monitoring
system is presented with a technique that will upgrade Systems using IoT and Raspberry Pi”, Int.
the health monitoring systems in the hospitals by Conference on Innovative Mechanisms for
providing monitoring capability. The system is Industry Applications(ICIMIA 2017), pp.134-
wireless based. As it’s a wireless device, the cost of 137.
cables is affordable. Unless unusual condition of [8] Ashlesha A. Patil, Dr. S. R. Suralkar “Review on-
patient is not captured there will be persisting IOT Based
observation of important signs of patient over long Smart Healthcare System”, Int. J. of Adv.
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[10] Dogan Ibrahim, Kadri Buruncuk “Heart rate
Measurement From the Finger using a Lowcost
4. CONCLUSION Microcontroller”, Int’l Journal of Computing,
A summary of Health Monitoring system is Communications & Instrumentation Engg.
discussed in this paper. This paper includes various (IJCCIE), 4(1), 2017, pp. 25-29.
technologies and applications for IOT based Health [11] Nikunj Patel,Princekumar Patel,Nehal Patel
Monitoring system. It also explains and analyzes “Heart Attack
various applications, implementation and methods for Detection And Heart Rate Monitoring Using
the process of IOT based Health Monitoring system. IOT”, Int. J. of Innovations and Advancement in
Every technology has got their own applications and Computer Science IJIACS , 7(4 ), April 2018,
restrictions. The summary of this paper shows that pp.611-615.
which technique and applications should be adopted to
improve the quality of IOT based Health Monitoring [12] Ahmed Abdulkadir Ibrahim, Wang Zhuopeng ,
system. “Heart rate monitoring system”, Int. J. of
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International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (IJRAT) Special Issue
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org
National Conference on “Role of Information Technology in Social Innovations”
26th & 27th February 2019
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