PhD in Civil and Environmental Engineering
Research Title: Multi-scale modeling strategies for
debris-flow: a new technique for hazard assessment
combining numerical modeling and physical
experiments
Politecnico di Torino
Funded by
(Joint Research Projects with Top Universities)
Marina Pirulli, Politecnico di Torino (
[email protected])
Clarence Edward Choi, Hong Kong University of Science and
Technology (
[email protected])
Supervisor
Alessandro Leonardi, Politecnico di Torino
(
[email protected])
Marina Pirulli, Politecnico di Torino (
[email protected])
Contact
http://www.diseg.polito.it/en/
Debris flows are flow‐like landslides composed of a mixture
of loose sediments and water, constituting one of the major
threats to mountain settlement. To limit the loss of lives and
of strategic infrastructures, often barriers are designed,
with the target of stopping the flow, reducing its energy, or
filtering out the largest boulders. The rational design of
Context of the research these countermeasures nowadays still relies on highly
activity simplified techniques, which assume load patterns on the
barrier. This has proven to be unreliable, as the complex
composition of debris flow eludes the concepts of classical
hydraulics. Therefore the need of new numerical models,
able to give a reliable contribution for the design of
structural countermeasures. However, a general tool for the
realistic simulation of the flow‐structure interaction
problem is still missing. This is also due to the lack of
validation data, as field measurement is often impractical.
This project proposes a novel simulation strategy, which
merges two existing numerical approaches. A simplified 2D
model will track the evolution of the flow, from its initiation
through the whole transport phase. The output is then
converted into a full 3D simulation before the flow reaches
the barrier, thus providing an optimized and affordable
strategy to tackle the whole flow process. The code will be
tested using the large‐scale experimental facility at Hong
Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST). The
teams at HKUST will design a set of experiments,
reproducing debris flow as a mixture of a granular material
and of a liquid. The mass will be discharged in a long
instrumented channel, at the end of which barriers are set.
This will provide a data source for validating an in‐house
numerical model under development at POLITO, which will
be in turn used to extend and generalize the results on
more realistic topographies, also leading to the
development of new guidelines for practitioners.
This PHD project aims at developing a new approach:
simulating debris flow events, from initiation to stoppage
against a barrier, with a combined strategy. In the initial‐
stage the flow is simulated by a traditional approach based
on a 2D Depth Averaged Method (DAM). Before the
material reaches the barrier, information about flow height,
composition and velocity are converted from 2D to 3D and
given as input for a second‐stage Lattice‐Boltzmann Method
(LBM) simulation, which will deal with the flow‐barrier
interaction problem. This require the development of an
appropriate coupling strategy, to be validated by
comparison with the large‐scale experiments carried out at
HKUST.
Objectives
The main goal of Politecnico di Torino (POLITO) PHD student
is to develop and validate a novel numerical method for the
simulation of debris flow. The method will be based on two
different (and, so far, only alternative) approaches:
1. DAM: the Depth‐Averaged Method is an optimal tool
for characterizing a geophysical flow on real topographies.
POLITO has an in‐house code, already validated and
routinely used for the assessment of natural events.
2. LBM: the Lattice‐Boltzmann Method can be
effectively used to simulate the interaction between flow
and barrier, but is limited to a small domain (the immediate
neighborhood of the barrier)
POLITO PHD student will receive training on both methods
at POLITO by Prof. Pirulli, who is an expert in DAM, and her
collaborator Dr. Leonardi, an LBM developer. POLITO PHD
student will be tasked with the development of an adequate
coupling strategy. A new inlet boundary condition need to
be designed in the LBM code, where inflow velocity and
shape are extrapolated from the information coming from
DAM: flow level and depth‐averaged velocity. This, together
with the literature review and general training, is expected
to be carried out in the first year at POLITO.
The validation of the coupling strategy needs field data that
is not readily available, as debris flow are unpredictable and
highly destructive, with field measurement often
impractical. At the same time, the information coming from
small‐scale physical modeling is of little use, as small models
are known to suffer from unresolved scaling issues. During
the outgoing phase at HKUST, POLITO PHD student will be
tasked with interfacing with HKUST PHD student, who will
be at the time carrying out experiments at the large‐scale
flume at the University of Hong Kong Kadoorie Centre. The
flume can reproduce in a highly controlled environment
both run‐out stages. In the 18 months at HKUST, POLITO
PHD student will use the experiments as a benchmark for
validating the novel code.
Finally, in the return phase POLITO PHD student will use the
validated model for reproducing a real‐case, by
implementation of the expertise.
The candidate is expected to spend the first year at POLITO
to fulfill formal requirements for the doctoral school
(compulsory credits, soft‐skill training). In this timeframe,
training in DAM and LBM will be provided. The outgoing
phase will begin at month 13, and will last around 18
months, containing the development of the coupling
strategy and its validation through the large‐scale flume
experiments at HKUST. Additional 6 months are expected at
POLITO for exploitation of the results and for drafting the
PHD thesis.
The ideal candidate should have competencies in
constitutive and numerical modeling. A strong interest in
Skills and competencies for
computational methods and any previous experience of C++
the development of the
and/or Fortran is highly appreciated.
activity
The availability to spend 18 months in Hong Kong is an
important requirement for all the applicants.
Proficiency in written and spoken English.