Grammar: The Past Perfect: Statements

The document is a lesson from an English textbook about using the past perfect tense to describe actions that occurred before a specific time in the past. It provides examples of using the past perfect with time markers like "by", "already", and "yet". It then has grammar exercises for students to practice using the past perfect to clarify the order of two past actions in statements. There is also a reading exercise where students must complete sentences about someone's to-do list using the past perfect to show the order things were done.

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Grammar: The Past Perfect: Statements

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Laura Valeria Ardila Camargo

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21/10/2020 Top Notch 3, Third Edition

LESSON
2 goal Describe a busy schedule

GRAMMAR The past perfect: Statements

Use the past perfect to describe an action that occurred before a specific time in the past. Look at the
timeline to see the order of the actions. Form the past perfect with had + a past participle.
11:00 12:00

The meeting ended at 11:00. We arrived. = The meeting had ended before we arrived.
Time markers by, already, and yet are often used with the past perfect. Note: In informal speech, you can use
By four o’clock the tour had begun. the simple past instead of the past
perfect when the words by, before, and
They had already eaten when their friends called. after make the order of events clear.
When the flight took off, the storm hadn’t started yet (OR hadn’t yet started). By April he started his new job.
Before I got married, I studied
Use the past perfect with the simple past tense or the past of be to clarify marketing.
which of two past actions occurred first. After she made the presentation,
The meeting had begun late, so we didn’t have lunch until 2:00. they promoted her.
(First the meeting began; then we had lunch.)
By the time the tour was over, Ann had already met Kazuko. GRAMMAR BOOSTER p. 128
(First Ann and Kazuko met; then the tour was over.) • Verb usage: present and
past (overview)

A GRAMMAR PRACTICE Choose the correct meaning for each statement.

1 “Before they decided to have the meeting in Bangkok, I had already decided to take my vacation there.”
First they decided to have the meeting in Bangkok. Then I decided to take my vacation there.
First I decided to take my vacation in Bangkok. Then they decided to have the meeting there.
2 “By the time she got to the meeting, she had already reviewed the agenda.”
First she reviewed the agenda. Then she got to the meeting.
First she got to the meeting. Then she reviewed the agenda.
3 “They had already asked us to turn off our cell phones when the CEO began her presentation.”
First they asked us to turn off our cell phones. Then the CEO began her presentation.
First the CEO began her presentation. Then they asked us to turn off our cell phones.

B It’s now 7:00 P.M. Read ±eg’s to-do list and complete the statements,
using the past perfect, already, and yet.

1 At 8:30 ±eg her laundry, but Monday, January 4

she the cat to her mom’s house. 8:00 Drop off the laundry at
Minute Wash.
2 By 10:45 she the cat to her mom’s house, 9:00
but she for the meeting. 10:00 Take the cat to Mom’s hou
se.
3 By 12:15 she the sales binders at 11:00 Pack for the meeting.
Office Solutions, but she lunch with Adam. 12:00 Pick up the sales bind
at Office Solutions. ers
4 At 1:30 she lunch with Adam, but she 1:00 Lunch with Adam.
the DVDs to Film²ix. 2:00 Return the DVDs to FilmPix.
5 By 2:15 she the DVDs to Film²ix, 3:00
but she the dentist. 4:00 See dentist.
6 At 5:55 she the dentist, but she 5:00
DIGITAL 5:30 Pick up the laun
MORE
EXERCISES a manicure. from Minute Wash. dry
6:00 Get a manicure if there’s
time!
7:00

8:00
6 UNIT 1

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