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Objective of A Pushover Analysis

A pushover analysis is a performance-based, nonlinear static analysis technique used to estimate the seismic response of structures. It involves applying incremental lateral loads to a structure to determine its capacity curve, or force-displacement relationship, up to the point of collapse. This identifies failure modes and estimates inelastic deformations that regular elastic analysis cannot. The goal is to achieve a structural design that reliably meets performance objectives under seismic loads.

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163 views3 pages

Objective of A Pushover Analysis

A pushover analysis is a performance-based, nonlinear static analysis technique used to estimate the seismic response of structures. It involves applying incremental lateral loads to a structure to determine its capacity curve, or force-displacement relationship, up to the point of collapse. This identifies failure modes and estimates inelastic deformations that regular elastic analysis cannot. The goal is to achieve a structural design that reliably meets performance objectives under seismic loads.

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hemantkle2u
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Objective of a Pushover Analysis

Pushover analysis is a performance-based analysis that refers to a methodology in which


structural criteria are expressed in terms of achieving a performance objective. This is contrasted
to the conventional method in which structural criteria are defined by limits on member forces
resulting from a prescribed level of applied shear force.

A performance level describes a limiting damage condition which may be considered satisfactory
for a giving building and a given ground motion. The limiting condition is described by the
physical damage within the building, the threat to life safety of the building’s occupants created
by the damage, and the post earthquake serviceability of the building. The basic approach is to
improve the probable seismic performance of the building or to otherwise reduce the existing
risk to an acceptable level.

Two key elements of a performance-based design procedure are demand and capacity. Demand
is the representation of earthquake ground motion or shaking that the building is subjected to. In
nonlinear static analysis procedures, demand is represented by an estimation of the
displacements or deformations that the structure is expected to undergo. Capacity is a
representation of the structure’s ability to resist the seismic demand. The performance is
dependent on the manner that the capacity is able to handle the demand. In other words, the
structure must have the capacity to resist demands of the earthquake such that the performance of
the structure is compatible with the objectives of the design. Performance objective is to obtain a
desired level of seismic performance of the building, generally described by specifying
maximum allowable (or acceptable) structural or nonstructural damage, for a specified level of
seismic hazard.

There are two nonlinear procedures using pushover methods :

a. Capacity Spectrum Method

b. Displacement Coefficient Method

Purpose of a Pushover analysis

It is expected that most buildings rehabilitated in accordance with a standard, would perform
within the desired levels when subjected to the design earthquakes. Structures designed
according to the existing seismic codes provide minimum safety to preserve life and in a major
earthquake, they assure at least gravity-load-bearing elements of non-essential facilities will still
function and provide some margin of safety. However, compliance with the standard does not
guarantee such performance. They typically do not address performance of non-structural
components neither provide differences in performance between different structural systems.
This is because it cannot accurately estimate the inelastic strength and deformation of each
member due to linear elastic analysis. Although an elastic analysis gives a good indication of
elastic capacity of structures and indicates where first yielding will occur, it cannot predict
failure mechanisms and account for redistribution of forces during progressive yielding.

To overcome this disadvantages different nonlinear static analysis method is used to estimate the
inelastic seismic performance of structures, and as the result, the structural safety can be secured
against an earthquake. Inelastic analysis procedures help demonstrate how buildings really work
by identifying modes of failure and the potential for progressive collapse. The use of inelastic
procedures for design and evaluation is an attempt to help engineers better understand how
structures will behave when subjected to major earthquakes, where it is assumed that the elastic
capacity of the structure will be exceeded. This resolves some of the uncertainties associated
with code and elastic procedures.

The practice of earthquake engineering is rapidly evolving to understand the behavior of


buildings subjected to strong earthquakes. In order to be able to predict such behavior pushover
analysis is performed. The overall capacity of a structure depends on the strength and
deformation capacities of the individual components of the structure. In order to determine
capacities beyond the elastic limit some form of nonlinear analysis, like Pushover Analysis, is
required. It is a new performance based seismic design to achieve analytically a structural design
that will reliably perform in a prescribed manner under one or more seismic environment.

What is a Pushover Analysis?

A pushover analysis is a static, nonlinear procedure using a simplified, nonlinear technique to


estimate seismic structural deformations. It is an incremental static analysis which is used to
determine the force-displacement relationship – or the capacity curve – for a structure or
structural element.

The analysis involves applying horizontal loads, in a prescribed pattern, to the structure
incrementally, i.e., pushing the structure and plotting the total applied shear force and associated
lateral displacement at each increment, until the structure reaches a collapse condition or a
prescribed limit.

This definition of a pushover analysis is in accordance with both the following references:

 FEMA 356 "Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings"
(2000, American Society of Civil Engineers for Federal Emergency Management
Agency)

 ATC-40 "Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Concrete Buildings" (1996, Applied


Technology Council).

Force controlled and deformation controlled actions


Force-controlled refers to components, elements, actions, or systems which are not permitted to
exceed their elastic limits. This category of elements, generally referred to as brittle or
nonductile, experiences significant degradation after only limited post-yield deformation.

Deformation-controlled refers to components, elements, actions, or systems which can, and are
permitted to, exceed their elastic limit in a ductile manner. Force or stress levels for these
components are of lesser importance than the amount of deformation beyond the yield point.

Figure 1-4: Component force versus deformation curves (Ref. Fig. 2-3 FEMA 356)

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