Event Driven Programming
1. Objectives ................................................................................ 2
2. Definitions................................................................................ 2
3. Event-Driven Style of Programming ....................................... 2
4. Event Polling Model ................................................................ 3
5. Java's Event Delegation Model ............................................... 5
6. How to Implement an Event Handler? .................................... 7
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1. Objectives
The user is in charge instead of the program: He or she can
perform tasks in any order.
2. Definitions
Events can be triggered by human interaction or
alternatively a software or hardware process causing an
event to be triggered.
An event is a hardware condition that is signaled
Common events are from input devices:
mouse events - mouse up, mouse down, mouse
move
keyboard events - key up, key down
network events - packet arrival
window events - window resized, window
dragged, focus lost
Special hardware detects and signals these events. Each
event has additional information. For example a mouse
movement event has an x and y coordinate.
3. Event-Driven Style of Programming
In event-driven programming, there is essentially no
normal flow-of-control! Only the event handlers exist.
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Flow-of-control in the program is entirely driven by
responding to events.
Program is driven by responding to events
Two main models:
Polling:
o Has the event happened yet?
o Are we there yet? Are we there yet?
Etc.
Delegating:
o Here is what I want you to do when
this event occurs.
4. Event Polling Model
How does it work?
Loop: Polling tends to push all event-handling
code into one location (inside the big loop
The resulting interactions within the big loop tend
to be complex.
In addition, polling requires a program to sit in a
loop, consuming CPU cycles, while waiting for
the user to do something -- a serious waste of a
valuable resource.
The Event Loop pseudo-code:
loop
wait for an event to arrive
get the event details
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do something based on the event
until a stop event occurs
Examples: Windows and Palm OS
The Basic Palm Event Loop
The basic Palm event loop looks like this:
EventType event;
do {
EvtGetEvent( &event, evtWaitForever );
// dispatch the event here
} while( event.eType != appStopEvent ); // until told to stop
Where EvtGetEvent is a Palm OS API:
It returns the next event for the application by
copying it into the EventType structure passed in
as the first parameter.
The second parameter is a timeout value, which
tells the operating system how long the
application wants to wait before an event occurs:
evtWaitForever constant: Wait indefinitely
Number of ticks: Pass in the number of
ticks (hundredths of a second) to wait.
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5. Java's Event Delegation Model
Supersedes Java's original containment and inheritance
based event handling.
This model is more efficient since not all events are
handled by your program.
Three kinds of things (with various corresponding Java
classes):
1. Events:
Representation of things that happen,
derived from the superclass EventObject.
They occur in response to an action by
the user within the Graphical User
Interface (GUI).
When an event occurs, the source of the
event notifies listeners.
2. Event sources:
Objects that can generate events
It only notifies listeners that have been
registered to receive the event
Examples:
Event Source How triggered Event Generated
Button Button pressed Action events
Checkbox Checkbox selected Item events
or deselected
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Multicasting of the event: When an event
occurs, the source notifies all the listeners
that have registered for that event. The
notification includes the details about the
event, for example, the name of the source
that generated the event, the key that was
pressed or the location where the mouse was
clicked.
Example of events:
Event Classes Description
ActionEvent Button pressed, list item selected, or
item menu selected
TextEvent Value or text field or text area
changed.
KeyEvent Key is pressed or released or typed
MouseEvent Mouse clicked, pressed, released,
dragged, moved, enters, or exits a
compment.
FocusEvent Component gains or loses
focus(keyboard).
3. Event listeners (handlers):
Are responsible to recognize and process
events. Objects that want to respond to
events.
A listener is an object that is notified by the
source, if registered, when an event occurs.
Register their interest in certain events with
event sources.
Listeners usually sit back and waits for an
event to happen.
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6. How to Implement an Event Handler?
Every event handler requires three bits of code:
1. In the declaration for the event handler class, code that
specifies that the class either implements a listener
interface or extends a class that implements a listener
interface. For example:
public class MyButtonHandler implements ActionListener {
// class members ...
// constructor …
……
2. Code that registers an instance of the event handler
class as a listener upon one or more components. For
example:
public class MyButtonHandler implements ActionListener {
// class members ...
// constructor …
…
//someComponent.addActionListener(instanceOfMyClass);
button.addActionListener(this);
…
3. Code that implements the methods in the listener
interface. For example:
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public class MyButtonHandler implements ActionListener {
// class members ...
// constructor …
…
//someComponent.addActionListener(instanceOfMyClass);
button.addActionListener(this);
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// handle the event
// code that reacts to the action...
}
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k
Button ActionEvent Action Listener
When the user clicks a button, the button's action listeners
are notified.
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Some Event Classes
KeyEvent: for keyboard input
MouseEvent: for all sorts of mouse events: press,
release, move, drag,...
ActionEvent: for GUI actions like clicking on a button,
selecting a menu item,...
...
Some Event Listener Interfaces
MouseListener:
Methods:
void mouseClicked( MouseEvent me)
void mouseEntered( MouseEvent me)
void mouseExited( MouseEvent me)
void mousePressed( MouseEvent me)
void mouseReleased( MouseEvent me)
Registered with some event source by calling:
void addMouseListener( MouseListener ml )
MouseMotionListener
Methods:
void mouseDragged( MouseEvent me)
void mouseMoved( MouseEvent me)
Registered with some event source by calling:
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void addMouseMotionListener( MouseMotionListener
mml )
KeyListener
Methods:
void keyPressed( KeyEvent ke)
void keyReleased( KeyEvent ke)
void keyTyped( KeyEvent ke)
Registered with some event source by calling
void addKeyListener( KeyListener kl )
ActionListener
Methods:
void actionPerformed( ActionEvent ae)
Registered with some event source by calling:
void addActionListener( ActionListener al )
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