Basketball

Introduction

A. Background of the study

Basketball is a team sport. But in basketball teams, every player has got his ambitions.
To get a transfer in the best teams, to beat one of the best players, to win as many trophies as he
can. To be in his national team squad, and play against other countries. But it is a team sport,
which needs cooperation and team spirit.

Where it came from, and how it started.

In early December 1891, Dr. James Naismith, a Canadian-born physical education

professor and instructor at the International Young Men's Christian Association Training School
(YMCA) (today, Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA, was trying to keep his
gym class active on a rainy day.

He sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his students occupied and at proper levels of
fitness during the long New England winters. After rejecting other ideas as either too rough or
poorly suited to walled-in gymnasiums, he wrote the basic rules of his game and nailed a peach
basket onto a 10-foot (3.05 m) elevated track.

How it’s played…

The object of the game is to outscore one's opponents by throwing the ball through the
opponents' basket from above while preventing the opponents from doing so on their own. An
attempt to score in this way is called a shot. A successful shot is worth two points, or three points
if it is taken from beyond the three-point arch which is 6.25 meters (20 ft. 6 in) from the basket
in international games and 23 feet 9 inches (7.24 m) in NBA games. A one- point shot can be
earned when shooting from the foul line after a foul is made. Games are played in four quarters
of 10 (FIBA) or 12 minutes (NBA). Fifteen minutes are allowed for a half-time break under
FIBA, NBA, and NCAA rules. Overtime periods are five minutes in length. Teams exchange
baskets for the second half. The time allowed is actual playing time; the clock is stopped while

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the play is not active. Therefore, games generally take much longer to complete than the allotted
game time, typically about two hours.

Five players from each team may be on the court at one time. Substitutions are unlimited
but can only be done when play is stopped. Teams also have a coach, who oversees the
development and strategies of the team, and other team personnel such as assistant coaches,
managers, statisticians, doctors and trainers.

B. Body

Basic Rules

Teams/number of players

Two teams of maximum 12 players, with a maximum of five players of each team on the court at
any time. Teams may make as many substitutions as they like.

The objective

The objective of the game is to put the ball in the opposing team’s basket. The team with the
most points at the end of the game wins.

Duration

The game consists of four periods of 10 minutes. If the scores are tied, overtime periods of five
minutes will be played until one team has more points than the other (at the end of the 5-minute
period)

Scoring

A basket scored from near the basket (inside the three-point arc) is worth two points. A basket
scored from far (beyond the three-point arc) is worth three points. A basket scored from the free-
throw line is worth one point.

Moving the ball

The ball may either be passed from one player to another, or dribbled by a player from one point
to another (bounced while walking or running). Before passing or shooting the ball, a player may

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take two steps (without dribbling). Once a player has stopped dribbling, he may not start to
dribble again. Once the team in possession of the ball has passed the half-court line, it may not
cross back over the line with the ball.

Shot clock

When a team gains possession of the ball, they have a maximum of 24 seconds to attempt a shot.
Additionally, offensive players may not remain within the restricted area (key) for more than
three consecutive seconds.

Fouls

A personal foul occurs when there is illegal contact between two opponents. A player who makes
more than five personal fouls is excluded from the game. A foul made on a player attempting a
shot results in the awarding of the same number of free-throws as those of the shot taken (two
from inside the arc, three from outside). If a player is fouled but makes the attempted shot, the
shot counts and an additional free-throw will be awarded. Once a team has made four fouls in a
period, each additional foul (on a player not attempting a shot) will result in the automatic
awarding of two free-throws

Advantages

 You can become a professional basketball player

 Teamwork

Disadvantages

 Injuries

 Your height

Common Injuries in Basketball

 Foot/Ankle Injuries

 Hip/Thigh Injuries

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  Knee Injuries

 Wrist/Hand Injuries

 Head/Face Injuries

Positions on it:

 Point guard: usually the fastest player on the team, organizes the team's offense by
controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to the right player at the right time.

 Shooting guard: creates a high volume of shots on offense; guards the opponent's best
perimeter player on defense.

 Small forward: often primarily responsible for scoring points via cuts to the basket and
dribble penetration; on defense seeks rebounds and steals, but sometimes plays more
actively.

 Power forward: plays offensively often with their back to the basket; on defense, plays
under the basket (in a zone defense) or against the opposing power forward (in man-to-
man defense).

 Center: uses height and size to score (on offense), to protect the basket closely (on
defense), or to rebound.

5 Basic Moves in Playing Basketball

Hesitation Dribble- the purpose of this is to get your defender to believe that you are going to
pull up to pass or to shoot a jump shot.

Crossover- this is the switching of hands effectively to provide opportunity for your defender off
balanced

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In and Out Dribble- this applies when an opponent notices that you’ve been using the
crossover

Pump Fake- when an opponent is aggressively challenging your shot.

Behind the back- this allows you to quickly change directions and leave the overplaying
defender.

International Basketball

The International Basketball Federation was formed in 1932 by eight founding nations:
Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania and Switzerland. At this
time, the organization only oversaw amateur players. Its acronym, derived from the French
Fédération Internationale de Basketball Amateur, was thus FIBA".

Men's Basketball was first included in the Berlin Olympic Games in 1936, although a
demonstration tournament was held in 1904. The United States defeated Canada in the first final,
played outdoors. This competition has usually been dominated by the United States, whose team
has won all but three titles, the first loss in a controversial final game in Munich in 1972 against
the Soviet Union. In 1950 the first FIBA World Championship for men was held in Argentina.
Three years later, the first FIBA World Championship for Women was held in Chile. Women's
basketball was added to the Olympics in 1976, which were held in Montreal, Canada with teams
such as the Soviet Union, Brazil and Australia rivaling the American squads.

3 Popular Players

Michael Jordan

Michael Jordan, born in 1963, American professional basketball player, considered by many to
be the greatest player in basketball history. The 6 ft. 6 in (198 cm) shooting guard first became
known as an explosive individual scorer, but as he matured as a player he adopted a more team-
oriented approach to the game. Jordan led the Chicago Bulls to six National Basketball

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Association (NBA) championships (1991-1993, 1996-1998). His widespread appeal to fans
helped make basketball one of the world’s most popular spectator sports.

Kobe Bryant

Kobe Bryant, born in 1978, American basketball player who became the youngest National
Basketball Association (NBA) player in history in 1996. He entered the NBA straight from high
school at the age of 18. The 6-ft 7-in (201-cm) shooting guard soon became a star and helped
lead the Los Angeles Lakers to league titles in 2000, 2001, and 2002.

LeBron James

James, LeBron, born in 1984, American professional basketball player. In 2004 James became
the youngest player (19 years old) to win the National Basketball Association (NBA) rookie of
the year award. Known to fans as King James, the 6-ft 8-in (203-cm) guard is considered one of
the most exciting athletes in sports.

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 C. Conclusions

In conclusion we have looked at the fundamentals of sport science for a university

basketball player. We have looked at biomechanics, physiology and psychology. The first
fundamental we looked at was biomechanics. We have looked at many ways our athlete can
improve their shot taking. We established what our athlete can improve on by taking videos and
analyzing it using the dartfish software. Furthermore, we broke down the skill of shooting to a
number of different discrete and serial skills and we recognized that our athlete needed to
improve on their balance just prior to taking a shot, alignment of the elbow, eyes, wrist and
elbow to improve shot accuracy, ball velocity at release, applying backspin, body position and
release angle.

“Never give up”

“Play Hard, Train Harder”

“Keep Improving”

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 D. Recommendations

Based from the conclusions, the researchers advanced to the following recommendations:

1. "Do it for love." Reminding yourself that you love your book project, your sport, or your team
can be a powerful motivator.

2. “Next play.” “Air ball, air ball.” This taunt means that a basketball player has totally missed
the basket. Worse mistakes than this can occur during any game, however. The “next play”
motto reminds players to leave their mistakes in the dust and focus on what they need to do in
the coming moment.

3. "Aim for excellence, not perfection." This is a great motto for anyone whose perfectionistic
tendencies prevent them from getting anything done.

4. "Cultivate a learning mindset instead of a fixed mindset." Many young athletes believe that it's
talent that counts—“You either have it or you don’t.” As a result, they don’t put in the hard work
needed to overcome deficiencies, hone a skill to excellence, or develop the mental strength and
flexibility to bounce back from failure (and success).

5. "Use setbacks as motivation." So you had a bad day. A bad year. Can you use your failures as
a springboard to success? If you read the sports page, you’ll find that almost every sports team
uses a significant loss to motivate themselves to improve in the coming year.

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 E. References

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobe_Bryant

http://www.nba.com/players/lebron/james/2544

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Jordan

http://www.fiba.basketball/basic-rules

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_court