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Week 4 - Networking Services

DNS is a global system that resolves domain names to IP addresses. It can route traffic based on geographic location by returning the IP address closest to the user. DNS uses UDP instead of TCP for improved performance. Records like A, CNAME, and MX are used to map domains to IP addresses and services. NAT allows private IP addresses to be translated to public IP addresses, hiding the internal network. VPNs use tunneling protocols to securely connect remote users to private networks, and proxies sit between clients and external services to improve security and performance.

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109 views2 pages

Week 4 - Networking Services

DNS is a global system that resolves domain names to IP addresses. It can route traffic based on geographic location by returning the IP address closest to the user. DNS uses UDP instead of TCP for improved performance. Records like A, CNAME, and MX are used to map domains to IP addresses and services. NAT allows private IP addresses to be translated to public IP addresses, hiding the internal network. VPNs use tunneling protocols to securely connect remote users to private networks, and proxies sit between clients and external services to improve security and performance.

Uploaded by

James
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WEEK 4

NETWORKING SERVICES
Why do we need DNS ?
DNS​ - ​D​omain ​ N​ame ​Sy​ stem , A global and highly distributed network service that
resolves strings of letters into IP addresses for us. DNS can set the IP for the domain based
upon region. DNS is the great example of application service that uses UDP for the transport
layer instead of TCP.
Eg: ​If you search ​www.example.com​ from New york, the IP that is closer to New York
is connected & responded. If you search ​www.example.com​ from Delhi, the IP that is closer
to Delhi is connected & responded.

TTL(Time To Live)
A value, in seconds, that can be configured by the owner of a domain name for how
long a name server can cache an entry before it should discard it and perform a full
resolution again.

Simply DNS is a system that converts domain names into IP addresses. The process of
changing domain name into an IP address is known as ​name resolution​. When performing
name resolution we need to configure some of the records.
● A​ - Record : It is used to point a certain domain name at a certain IPv4 IP
address.
● Quad A - ​Record : It returns IPv6 IP addresses instead of IPv4 IP addresses.
● CNAME - ​Record : It is known as Canonical Name. It is used to redirect traffic
from one domain name to another.
○ Eg : Some people might type microsoft.com alone instead of
www.microsoft.com​, By configuring a CNAME record for
microsoft.com that resolves to ​www.microsoft.com
○ We can navigate to same for microsoft.com & ​www.microsoft.com​ in
two ways,
■ Could set up identical ​A - records​ for both microsoft.com &
www.microsoft.com​ . If we need to change IP in the sense we
need to change in two places.
■ By setting up a​ CNAME​ that points microsoft.com to
www.microsoft.com​, you have to change the ​A record​ for
www.microsoft.com​ only if IP changes.
● MX​ - Record (Mail Exchange) : This resource record is used in order to
deliver email to the correct server.
● SRV - ​Record (Service Record) : It’s used to define the location of various
specific services. It is defined to return the specified of many different service
types. Most SRV records are used which have a Calendar & Scheduling
service.
● TXT ​- Record (Text Record) : Used for associating some descriptive text with
a domain name for human consumption.
WEEK 4
NAT(Network Address Translation)
A technology that allows a gateway, usually a router or firewall to rewrite the source
IP of an outgoing IP datagram while retaining the original IP in order to rewrite it into the
response.
Hiding IP of computer 1 from computer 2 with NAT is known as ​IP Masquerading.​
Port Preservation : ​A technique where the source port chosen by a client is the
same port used by the router.
Port Forwarding : ​A technique where specific destination ports can be configured to
always be delivered to specific nodes.

VPN’s & Proxies


VPN - Virtual Private Network : ​One of the easiest ways to keep networks secure is to use
various secure technologies, so only devices physically connected to their local area network
can access these resources.But employees can run from any place, so that VPN comes into
play.
A technology that allows for the extension of a private or local network to hosts that
might not be on that local network. VPN is also known as Tunneling protocol, since it forms a
tunnel between two devices.

In fact, ​Two factor authentication​ (A technique where more than just a username &
password are required to authenticate) became common after the invention of VPN.

Proxy services :
A server that acts on behalf of a client in order to access another service.
The concept of a proxy is just that, a concept of an abstraction. In more words, Proxy
sits between client & other services (i.e) similar to how gateway works.

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