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Clay PDF

Here is a draft bond paper on concrete as a building material: Concrete as a Building Material Concrete is a composite material composed of coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that hardens over time. Most concretes used are lime-based concretes such as Portland cement concrete or concretes made with other hydraulic cements, where the aggregate is gravel or crushed rocks. Concrete is the most widely used man-made construction material. Concrete is composed of three key components that contribute to its strength: Water (5 points) Water acts as a lubricant for the cement particles to flow freely over and around the aggregate when mixed. It initiates the chemical reaction of hydration that causes

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Wyncie Cariño
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49 views26 pages

Clay PDF

Here is a draft bond paper on concrete as a building material: Concrete as a Building Material Concrete is a composite material composed of coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that hardens over time. Most concretes used are lime-based concretes such as Portland cement concrete or concretes made with other hydraulic cements, where the aggregate is gravel or crushed rocks. Concrete is the most widely used man-made construction material. Concrete is composed of three key components that contribute to its strength: Water (5 points) Water acts as a lubricant for the cement particles to flow freely over and around the aggregate when mixed. It initiates the chemical reaction of hydration that causes

Uploaded by

Wyncie Cariño
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CERAMICS

& CLAY
PRODUCTS
DEFINITION

• stiff
• sticky fine-grained earth
• typically yellow, red, or bluish-gray in color
• often forming an impermeable layer in the
soil

It can be molded when wet, and is dried


and baked to make bricks, pottery, and
ceramics.

CLAY
CLAY
3 PRINCIPAL FORMS

SURFACE CLAY
Found near the surface of the earth

SHALE CLAY
Subjected to high pressure until become relatively hard

FIRE CLAY
Found at deeper levels
Usually have more uniform physical and chemical qualities
PRODUCTS MADE OF CLAY

CERAMICS
materials produced with clay and introduced in an oven

BRICKS
Pieces of cooked clay of prismatic form pierced

TILES
Pieces of cooked clay utilized in covers or roofs
TERRA-COTTA
• Terra-cotta, meaning “fired earth”, is a clay product
which has been used for architectural decorative
purposes since the days of ancient Greece and
Rome. Modern terra-cotta is machine extruded and
moulded or pressed. The machine made product,
usually refer to as a ceramic veneer, is a unit with
flat face and flat or ribbed back. The moulded or
pressed units, called architectural terra-cotta, are
available in sculptured, as well as plain faces.
BRICK BOND

BONDING
process of overlapping bricks
BRICK BOND
The manner in which bricks are arranged in a wall is obviously of great
importance to the appearance and strength.

INCORRECT WAY OF ARRANGING BRICKS


This picture shows the correct arrangement of bricks showing
the overlapping of bricks due to insertion of closer next to
the corner brick.
This makes the wall to act as a homogeneous body

CORRECT ARRANGEMENT OF BRICKS


• English
• Double Flemish
• Single Flemish
• Heading
• Stretching
• Rat trap bond
• Garden Wall

DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF BONDING


ENGLISH BOND

 The facing bricks are laid in alternate courses of


headers and stretchers.
Queen-closer inserted next to quoin-headers to
produce overlap.
 English bond is the strongest.

DISADVANTAGE:
 Penetration of damp through transverse joints.
 Appearance not as good as Flemish bond.
FLEMISH BOND ADVANTAGES OF FLEMISH BOND:
 It is highly economical.
Walls one brick in thickness are easier to
produce a fair face on both sides in Flemish
than in English bond.
1. Double Flemish bond The appearance of Flemish bond is more
2. Single Flemish bond appealing to eye than that of English bond.

The headers and stretchers


alternate in each course.
 The lap is produced by placing a
queen-closer next to the quoin-
header in every course.
Flemish bond is weaker than
English bond.
HEADING OR HEADER BOND
 Heading or Header Bond is laid on headers.
 Used for round quick sweeps
Should never be used in straight work, as it is very weak
STRETCHING OR STRETCHER BOND
 Bricks are laid in stretchers, as in the figure below.
Used in walls of half-brick in thickness.
Due to its constant occurrence in the last position it is also called
Chimney Bond.
GARDEN-WALL BOND
 Used for 9 inch walls.
Used when a fair face is required on both sides.
 Wall is composed of three or four courses of stretchers alternating
with one of headers, as in the figure below.
RAT TRAP BOND
 It is made by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4″
(100 mm)
 Alternate course of stretchers and headers.
 It is still used in India as an economical bond.
Stretcher Bond
HEADER
Stacked Bond - Bricks stacked on top of each other in vertical rows
Rowlock -
laid on face,
end visible

Stretcher - long dimension horizontal


& face parallel to the wall

Soldier - Laid on its end, face parallel


BRICK PAVING PATTERN
BRICK PAVING PATTERN
TILES
TILES
TILES
Assessment Task:
Long Bond Paper/ Yellow paper:

1. What is concrete as a building materials? Give


the definition and discuss. (5 points)

2. Describe the 3 components/ composition of


concrete and discuss the importance of these
compositions when it comes to concrete strength.

a. Water (5 points)
b. Cement (5 points)
c. Aggregates (5 points)

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