Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Department of Physics
Physics 8.01L
SAMPLE EXAM 2 SOLUTIONS November 1, 2005
Problem 1
i) a) Object A Same force, smaller mass, so A has a bigger acceleration and moves the same distance in a
shorter time.
ii) c) Both are the same. Same force, same distance, so the same change in kinetic energy.
iii) a) Object A. Smaller mass so smaller normal force, therefore smaller friction. Net force is larger on A,
so it gains more kinetic energy.
iv) a) Object A. B moves up and stops completely. At its maximum height, A still has horizontal motion.
v) b) Objects B They start with the same kinetic energy (KE). B converts all of its KE to gravitation
potential energy (PE), while A always has some non-zero KE.
Problem 2
A) iv) Same force by Newton’s 3rd law.
B) iv) None of the above. NA − MA g − F = −MA a, ⇒ NA = MA g + F − MA a
C) iii) Less than mA g but not zero. T − MA g = −MA a, T = MA (g − a)
D) iv) Normal force does work and creates PE. N points up, motion is up ⇒ + Work KE is constant, but
PE rises.
Problem 3
a)
2
a = vR , v = 2πR
τ
2 2
b) a = vR = 4πτ 2R �Spring� is stretched a distance R so:
4π 2
T = kR = ma = m τ 2 R , R drops out.
τ = 2π m
�
k
Problem 4
a)
1
�
b)
� Fx = Bsin(θ) − f = 0, f = Bsin(θ)
Fy = −Bcos(θ) + N = 0, N = Bcos(θ)
c) B will not move if f < µN, Bsin(θ) < µBcos(θ)
B drops out. Block will move if sin(θ) > µcos(θ), or tan(θ) > µ
Problem 5
a) y = H + vt − 21 gt2 , y = H at vt − 12 gt2 = 0, t = 2v
g .
b) N = B by Newton’s 3rd law.
c) N = 0 No contact.
mv 2
d) EI = 0, EF = mg H + 21 mv 2 , W = BH = EF − EI ⇒ B = mg + 2H
Problem 6
2mg 2g
a) Fx = F cos(θ) = tan(θ) , ax = tan(θ)
2g
x = 100t + 12 ax t2 = 100(12) + 12 tan(θ) (12)2 = 1200 + 1440
tan(θ)
�
Fy = F sin(θ) − mg = 2mg − mg = mg, ay = +g
y = 0 · (12) + 12 g · (12)2 = 720.
b) This problem uses a calculator, your exam will not require a calculator.
2g
vx = 100 + tan(θ) (12) = 239 m/s.
vy =�g · (12) = 120 m/s
v= vx2 + vy2 = 267m/s, at 26.7◦ above horizontal.
Problem 7
a)
� mg
b) Fy = 0 − mg + N sin(θ) = 0, N = sin(θ)
2
Fx = −N cos(θ) = −m vR , R = Htan(θ)
�
c)
mg mv 2
√
Use answer to (b): sin(θ) cos(θ) = Htan(θ) , v 2 = Hg.
Problem 8
a)
� �
b) Fx = N sin(θ) = ma, Fy = N cos(θ) − mg = 0.
mg N sin(θ)
c) N = cos(θ) , a = m = gtan(θ).
2
Problem 9
a) The suit case is sliding so it has kinetic friction. Belt is horizontal and no vertical forces other than
gravity so f = µk mg.
F u
b) a = m = µk g, v = at = µk gt = u ⇒ t = µk g .
c) No PE so W = ΔKE = 12 mu2 − 0 ⇒ Wf rict = 21 mu2 .
d) At this point, the suit case moves at constant velocity, so f = 0.
Problem 10
a)
2
Fx = T + T sin(θ) = m vL
�
b)
�
Fy = T cos(θ) − mg = 0.
Problem 11. Young & Freedman 7.58 (pg. 278).
a) Call h = 0 the bottom end of the rod when it is vertical. Call the length of the rod L:
KEI = 0, KEF = 12 mrat v 2 + 12 mmouse v 2 .
The rod pivots around the center so both animals move at the same speed.
P EI = g(mrat + mmouse ) L2 , P EF = g(mrat − mmouse )L.
W = 0, since no forces other than gravity: v 2 = (mmrat −mmouse )Lg
rat +mmouse
, v = 1.8m/s.
Problem 12. Young & Freedman 7.61 (pg. 279).
a) Dropping a distance h, no friction: 12 mv 2 = mgh, v 2 = 2gh.
Dropping a distance d with friction, but gaining the same KE: KEI = 0, KEF = mgh, P EI = mgd.
P EF = �0, W �= −f d, W = ΔE, −f d = mgh − mgd
f = mg d−h d . If h = d, f = 0, as expected.
If h = 0, no velocity! f = mg.
b) 440 Newtons.
c) KEI = 0, KEF = 12 mv 2 , P EI = mgd, P EF = mgy, W = −f (d − y)
Using the value of f found in a): −f (d − y) = −mg (d−h)(d−y)
d = 12 mv 2 + mgy − mgd
�
m drops out ⇒ v 2 = 2g(d − y) − 2g (d−h)(d−y)
d = 2g (d−y)h
d , v = 2g (d−y)h
d
Problem 13. Young & Freedman 7.65 (pg. 279).
a) W = ΔE, KEI = 21 (m)(4.8)2 , KEF = 0, W = −f d
f = µN and N = mg , so: − 21 m(4.8)2 = −µmgd, µ = 0.39
b) W = ΔE, P EI = mg(1.6), P EF = 0, KEI = 0, KEF = 12 m(4.8)2
W = ΔE = 21 m(4.8)2 − mg(1.6) = −0.83 J
