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Information Communication Technology.
f;dr;=re ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh. (Grade 10-11)
e-Center ’ www.srilankaecenter.wordpress.com 0777-827871
Kumara Abeygunawardana.
[email protected] (ISA (In-service Advisor) of ICT in Matara Education Zone(Devinuwara,Dickwella Division), Marking Examiner of ICT –Examination Department
of Sri Lanka, ICT internal Training-Ministry of Education, GIT internal Training-National Institute of Education, CCCT-University of Ruhuna,
B.A-University of Peradeniya, Web design -GKI, Web Development-DLC, Computer Networking & Troubleshooting-Sri Lanka Telecom,
IPICT-NIIT, Microsoft.Net-IDM, Computer Hardware Training -KSA, Library Automation System- University of Ruhuna, Open Office-Information
Communication Technology Agency of Sri Lanka, Linux- Red Hat Linux India Pvt Ltd, Oracle ThinkQuest- Oracle Education Foundation &
ICT - 13 years Experience of Teaching, Learning process)
-History of Computer-
^mrs.Klfha b;sydih&
mrs.Klh hkq ñksidf.a .Ks;uh wjYH;djhka ioyd úúO WmlrK hka;% ksrAudKh lsrSu ioyd ñksid úiska .kakd
,o W;aidyhka ;=<ska ìysù ;sfnk úoahq;a bf,lafg%dKsla wë;dlaIKsl hka;%hls. fuu mrs.Klfha b;sydih fláfhka
my; ioyka mrsos bosrsm;a l< yelsh.
01 wdosld,Sk ñksid .Ks; lghq;= i|yd oEf;a weÕs,s fhdod.;ay.
oEf;a weÕs,s mzudKj;a fkdjQ úg .,aleg fldagq len,s weg len,s hkdosh fhdod .kakd ,os.
02 lzs. mQ. 3000 oS muK Ñkh ;=< Abacus kï WmlrKh ks¾udKh úh.
03 1617 oS iafldÜ,ka; cd;sl fcdaka fkamsh¾ ,>q.Kl isoaOdka;h
bosrsm;a lrk,os. Tyq úiska we;a o< ;Sre j, ,>q.Kl w.hka igyka
lrk lzuhla bosrsm;a lrk ,os. fuu ;Sre Napier’s Bones kïfõ.
04 tu ixl,amh Ndú;d lrñka 1632 oS muK tx.,ka;fha
i¾mK rE, (Slide Ruler) ksrAudKh úh.
.
05 1642 oS muK íf,aia meial,a .Ks; lghq;= myiqfjka lr.; yels wdl,k hka;%h
ksmojk ,os. fuu wdl,k hka;zh (Adding Machine) uÕska b;du myiqfjka .Kka
tl;= lsrSu;a wvq lsrSu;a muKla isÿ l< yels úh. fuh Pascaline jYfhka o
yªkajhs. fï yd iïnkaO wo Ndú;fha mj;sk WmlrK jYfhka úÿ,s ógrh
c, ógrh hkdosh oelaúh yelsh
06 1674 oS muK c¾uka cd;sl .Ks;{fhl= jQ f.dâ*zSâ ú,afy,aï úiska
Pascaline hka;%h jeã oshqKq fldg tl;= lsrSu wvq lsrSu fukau .=K lsrSu
iy fnoSu l< yels f,iska Step Reckorner hka;zhla ksmojk ,os.
07 1822 oS pd,aia nefíca úiska,”f,dj mz:u hdka;zsl mrs.Klh” i|yd
wod, wdlD;shla ks¾udKh lrk ,o w;r th Difference Engine
kñka yªkajhs.
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08 1801 oS muK mzxY cd;sl fcdaima cel=jdâ hdka;zsl fros úhk hka;zh
(Mechanical Looms) ks¾udKh lrk ,os fuhska isÿre l< ldâm;a
(Punch Cards) Ndú;d lrñka fros j, úúO rgd ueùug yelúh.
09 1833 oS muK pd,aia nefíca úiska wek,ál,a hka;zh (Analytical Engine)
ks¾udKh lrk ,os. kuq;a Tyq “is;+ wdldrhgu” tu hka;zh ksmoùug
Tyqg fkdyels úh. Analytical Engine j, úfYaI ,laIK jkafka tys o;a;
wdodkh(In Put), ilia lsrSu (process), ;ekam;a lsrSu (Storage), mz;sodkh
(Out Put) hk ld¾hhka isÿlsrSug wjYH Wmdx. tu hka;zh ;=<u ;sîuhs.
miqld,Skj ks¾udKh jQ mrs.Kl i|yd pd,aia nefícaaf.a fuu ixl,am bjy,a
úh. fï ksid pd,aia nefíca “mrs.Klfha mshd” (Father of Computer) f,i ie<fla.
10 pd,aia nefícaf.a fuu wek,ál,a hka;zh ioyd Ada Augusta Lovelace ue;sKsh
úiska mrs.Kl jevigyka ilia lsrSu i|yd mz:u mzh;akh ork ,os..fï
ksid “f,dj mz:u mrs.Kl jevigyka Ys,amsksh” f,i Ada Augusta Lovelace
ue;sKsh (The First Programmer) ie<lsh yelsh.
11 1890 oS y¾uka fydf,rs;a úiska fcdaima cel=jdâf.aPunch Cards
ixl,amh Ndú; lrñka weursldkq ck ix.Kkh id¾:l f,i isÿ
lrk ,os.
12 1937 oS ydj¾â úYaj úoHd,fha fydaj¾â thslka pd,aia nefícaf.a ixl,amh jeã oshqKq
lsrSug oeã f,i W;aidy ork ,os. fï ksid 1939 oS muK Automatic Sequence
Controlled Calculator hka;%h ksmoùug yels úh. fuh miqld,Skj Mark 1
f,i kï lrk ,os.
Mark 1 ys úfYaI ,laIK:
o;a; we;=,a lsrSug h;=re ,shkhla iïnkaO lr ;snqKs. o;a; mz;sodkh i|yd Punch Cards Ndú; úh. b;du
myiqfjka .Kkh lsrSï isÿ l< yels úh. ;=kaoyilg jeã úoHq;a hdka;zsl fldgia wvx.=j ;snqKs. nr fgdka myla
muK úh. jir myf<djlg;a jeã ld,hla fuh Ndú; lrk ,os.
13 1937-1942 w;r ld,fha n,af.arshdkq cd;sl uydpd¾h fcdaka úkikaÜ wgdkdfida*a iy
la,Sm¾â fnrS hk wh tla;rd mrs.Klhla w¾O jYfhka ilia lrk ,os. fuu mrs.Klh
Atanasoff Berry Computer(ABC Computer) f,i kï lrk ,os. f,dj mz:u úoHq;a
ixLHdxl mrs.Klh fuh nj iuyre mzldY lr;s. kuq;a fuh w¾O jYfhka ksu lr ;snQ
ksid thg wjYH jk fmagkaÜ n,m;zh ,nd .ekSug Tjqkag fkdyels úh.
14 1945oS fcdaka fjdka ksõudka úiska mrs.Kl hka;zfha fN!;sl fjkialï isÿ
fkdlr tys ;ekam;a lrk jevigyka weiqrska tla mrs.Klhla uÕska úúO
jevlghq;= lr .ekSug yelsh hk ixl,amh yªkajd ÿks j¾;udk mrs.Kl
j, Ndú;d lrkafka fcdaka fjdka ksõudkaf.a fuu ixl,amhhs.
Information Communication Technology
^f;dr;=re ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh&
ieliqu:: Kumara Abeygunawardana.
e-Center ’ Tel: 0777-827871e-Mail:
[email protected] Web: www.srilankaecenter.wordpress.com
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15 1946 oS fmkais,afõkshd úYaj úoHd,fha uydpdrAhjrfhl= jq fcdaka fu!õ,s iy Tyqf.a YsIHfhl= jq fca. fmiamrA
tlrAÜ we;=ˆ lKavdhula úiska f,dj m%:u ãcsg,a mrs.Klh jk ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And
Computer) mrs.Klh ksmojk ,os.
ENIAC mrs.Klfha ,laIK:
01 rsla;l k, (Vacuum Tubes) 18000 la muK fhdod .ekSu.
02 p,kh jk lsisu fldgila fkdùu.
03 ;;amrhlg .Ks; lrAu 5000 la l< yels ùu.
04 úÿ,s n,h wêl f,i wjYH ùu.
05 m%udKfhka b;d ùYd, ùu.
06 l%shdldrlï ukao.dó ;;ajhl mej;Su.
07 b;d wêl WIaK;ajhla iys; ùu.
08 fï ksid ks;r ks;r rsla;l k, oeùhdu.
16 1949 oS EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) ksmojk ,os.
fuh f,dj m%:u .nvd l< l%uf,aL iys; ãcsg,a mrs.Klh jYfhka ie<fla.
17 1950 oS frñx.agka /kaâ wdh;kh úiska UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Calculator) mrs.Klh ksmojk ,os.
UNIVAC mrs.Klfha ,laIK:
01 rsla;l k, (Vacuum Tubes) 18000 la muK fhdod .ekSu.
02 m%udKfhka ùYd, ùu.
03 jev igyka .nvd lr ;sîus.
04 ;;amrhlg .Ks; lrAu 10000 la l< yels ùu.
rsla;l k, (Vacuum Tubes) Ndú;d l< mrs.Kl m<uq jk mrïmrdfõ mrs.Kl jYfhka ie<fla.
18 1957 oS IBM wdh;kh úiska IBM 704 mrs.Klh ksrAudKh lrk ,os.
IBM 704 mrs.Klfha ,laIK:
01 Magnetic-core memory Ndú;d lsrSu.
02 ;;amrhlg .Ks; lrAu 100000 la l< yels ùu.
19 ú,shï fIdlaf,a - fcdaka ndãka iy fjda,agrA n%dfÜ%ka hk wh úiska g%dkaisiagrAh fidhd .kakd ,os.
g%dkaisiagrAh fidhd .ekSu fjkqfjka fudjqkag
1956 oS fN!;sl úoHdj ioyd jq fkdfn,a ;d.Hh yssñúh.
g%dkaisiagrA (Transistor) Ndú;d l< mrs.Kl fojk mrïmrdfõ mrs.Kl jYfhka ie<fla.
20 g%dkaisiagrAh b;d l=vd m%udKj,ska ksrAudKh lrñka tajd úYd, m%udKhla ;ks is,slka Öma tlla ;=< ;ekam;a lr
ixhqla; mrsm: ^ifudaOdks; mrsm: - wkql,s; mrsm:& (Integrated Circuits-IC) ksmojk ,os.
ixhqla; mrsm: jrA.:
1 SSI (Small Scale Integration) 2 MSI (Medium Scale Integration) 3 LSI (Large Scale Integration)
4 VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) 5 ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration)
ixhqla; mrsm: Ndú;d l< mrs.Kl ;=kajk mrïmrdfõ mrs.Kl jYfhka ie<fla.
21 is,slka Öma ;=< oyia .Kka ixhqla; mrsm: (Integrated Circuits- IC);ekam;a lr laIq¯ mrsm: (Microchips –
Microprocessor) ksrAudKh úh.
laIq¯ mrsm: Ndú;d l< mrs.Kl y;rjk mrïmrdfõ mrs.Kl jYfhka ie<fla.
ieliqu: Kumara Abeygunawardana. e-Center ’ Tel: 0777-827871 e-Mail: [email protected]
