Scribd
Upload
54 views18 pages

Applications: Optical Fiber Communications

Optical fibers are used in endoscopy to illuminate internal body cavities and transmit images to a video monitor. An endoscope contains multiple optical fibers that deliver light from a light source inside the body and transmit reflected light to a CCD sensor. This allows physicians to examine and treat medical issues. Endoscopy provides visual evidence and allows tissue sampling or removal of problematic tissue without large incisions. Different types are named based on the body part examined, such as laparoscopy, laryngoscopy, and colonoscopy.

Uploaded by

KK
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
54 views18 pages

Applications: Optical Fiber Communications

Optical fibers are used in endoscopy to illuminate internal body cavities and transmit images to a video monitor. An endoscope contains multiple optical fibers that deliver light from a light source inside the body and transmit reflected light to a CCD sensor. This allows physicians to examine and treat medical issues. Endoscopy provides visual evidence and allows tissue sampling or removal of problematic tissue without large incisions. Different types are named based on the body part examined, such as laparoscopy, laryngoscopy, and colonoscopy.

Uploaded by

KK
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

APPLICATIONS

O P T I C A L F I B E R C O M M U N I C AT I O N S

MEDICAL FIELD: ENDOSCOPY


History of Optical Telecommunications (1 of 3)
• Roman times-glass drawn into fibers
• Venice Decorative Flowers made of glass fibers
• 1841- Daniel Colladon-Light guiding demonstrated in water
jet
• 1870- Tyndall observes light guiding in a thin water jet
• 1880- Bell invents Photophone
• 1888- Hertz Confirms EM waves and relation to light
• 1880-1920 Glass rods used for illumination
• 1930- Lamb experiments with silica fiber
• 1931- Owens-Fiberglass
• 1951- Heel, Hopkins, Kapany image transmission using fiber
bundles
• 1958- Goubau et. al. Experiments with the lens guide
• 1958-59 Kapany creates optical fiber with cladding
History of Optical Telecommunications (2 of 3)

• 1960- Ted Maiman demonstrates first laser in Ruby


• 1960- Javan et. al. invents HeNe laser
• 1962- 4 Groups simultaneously make first semiconductor
lasers
• 1961-66 Kao, Snitzer et al conceive of low loss single mode
fiber communications and develop theory
• 1970- First room temp. CW semiconductor laser-Hayashi &
Panish
• 1975- Coax, 274 Mb/s at 1km repeater spacing
• April 1977- First fiber link with live telephone traffic-GTE
Long Beach 6 Mb/s
• May 1977- First Bell system 45Mb/s links: GaAs lasers
850nm Multimode -2dB/km loss
• Early 1980s- InGaAsP 1.3 µm Lasers: 0.5 dB/km, lower
dispersion-Single mode
History of Optical Telecommunications (3 of 3)

• Late 1980s-Single mode transmission at 1.55 µm - 0.2


dB/km
• 1987- 1.3 um InGaAsP lasers, SMF, 1.7 Gb/s at 50km
• 1989- Erbium doped fiber amplifier
• 1990s- 1.55 um InGaAsP DFB lasers, SMF, 2.5-10 Gb/s at
40km
• 1990s- WDM, 1.55 um InGaAsP DFB lasers, EDFA, SMF,
2.5-10Gb/s at 300-10,000km repeater spacing
• 1 Q 1996- 8 Channel WDM
• 4th Q 1996- 16 Channel WDM
• 1Q 1998- 40 Channel WDM
• 2002- 64 WDM chx 10Gbps over 250,000 km span
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/principles_of_communication/principles_of_optical_fiber_co
mmunications.htm
TRANSMITTER & RECEIVER
CONNECTORS

square connector
Lucent Connector

Straight Tip
Ferrule Connector

http://www.fiber-optic-solutions.com/four-common-types-of-fiber-optic-connectors.html
SPLICER – FUSION

http://www.fiber-optic-solutions.com/fiber-optic-splicing%EF%BC%9Atwo-methods.html
REGENERATOR

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-14992-9_5
https://www.networxsecurity.org/members-area/glossary/r/regenerators.html
OPTICAL AMPLIFIER
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
REGENERATOR & AMPLIFIER
 Endoscopy
 Endoscopy is the examination of internal body cavities using a
specialized medical instrument called an endoscope.

 Physicians use endoscopy to diagnose, monitor, and surgically


treat various medical problems.
 An endoscope is a slender, flexible tube equipped with lenses and a
light source. Illumination is done by the help of a number of optical
fibers.
 Reflected light rays are collected by CCD( Charge coupled device)
and electrical signals are produced, which are fed to the video
monitor to get image.
 Thorough one channel of endoscope water and air is conducted to
wash and dry the surgical site.
 The endoscope also has a channel through which surgeons can
manipulate tiny instruments, such as forceps, surgical scissors, and
suction devices.
 A variety of instruments can be fitted to the endoscope for
different purposes.
 A surgeon introduces the endoscope into the body either
through a body opening, such as the mouth or the anus, or
through a small incision in the skin.

 The endoscope gives visual evidence of the problem, such as


ulceration or inflammation.

 It can be used to collect a sample of tissue or remove


problematic tissues.

 It is used to take photograph of the hollow internal organs.


Types of Endoscopy

 Depending on the body part, each type of endoscopy has

its own special term, such as

laparoscopy (abdomen, uterus, fallopian tube),

laryngoscopy (vocal cords),

bronchoscopy (lungs),

colonoscopy (colon),

arthroscopy (joint) and

Gastroscopy (Stomach).

You might also like