Vitamin E
BY
SHEIKHASINAH.S.M
POORNIMADEVI.S
CONTENTS
Introduction –Chemistry,Types,Eg,RDA
Physicochemical properties
Function
Production
Pharmacokinetic studies
Application
Introduction
Vitamins are organic bio-molecules which are
required by a living organism in micro
quantities and is to be derived from food
sources as they can’t be synthesized in the
body (with the exception of Vitamin D and
Niacin)
FAT SOLUBLE
I. Vit A
II. Vit D
III. Vit E
IV. Vit K
TOCOTRIENOLS
Found in high concentrations in
palm oil
More potent as anti-oxidant than
are tocopherols
Poorly assimilated by digestion
Poorly distributed to tissues in
blood
Rapidly metabolized &eliminated
from the body.
Well-absorbed by the skin
Used as a Vitamin E cream
CHEMISTRY OF VITAMIN-E
(TOCOPHEROLS)
Family of eight molecules having a chromanol
ring
• i.e.,Chroman ring with an alcoholic hydroxyl
group
12-carbon aliphatic side chain containing two
methyl groups in the middle and two more
methyl groups at the end
“
TYPES OF TOCOPHEROL
On the basis of methyl group position
α -tocopherol : 5,7,8 trimethyltocol
β -tocopherol : 5,8 dimethyl tocol
γ -tocopherol :7,8 dimethyl tocol
δ -tocopherol : 8 methyl tocopherol
FACTS
▧α-tocopherol -- Found most abundantly in
wheat germ oil, sunflower, and safflower oils
▧γ-tocopherol -- Found in corn oil, soybean
oil, margarine, and dressings
D-Alpha Tocopherol
Used as a Dietary supplement in
Soft Gel Capsules/ Tablets/ Liquids/
Powders, etc with ingredients
imparting medical or health benefits.
Manufacturer:
Infants
Daily 0 to 6 months: 4 mg/day
intake 7 to 12 months: 5 mg/day
Children
1 to 3 yrs: 6 mg/day
4 to 8 yrs: 7 mg/day
9 to 13 yrs: 11 mg/day
≥14 yrs : 15 mg/day
RECOMMENDED DIETARY
ALLOWANCE
▧ Males – 10mg/day.
▧ Females – 8mg/day.
▧ Pregnancy - 10mg/day.
▧ Lactation- 12mg/day.
▧ 15 mg vitamin E = 33
IU.
▧ Pharmacological dose
= 200-400 IU/day.
Physicochemical properties
▧Colour : pale yellow
▧State : oil
▧Solubility : soluble in fats and organic
solvents. hence it is stored in the adipose
tissue of the body
▧Stability : It is thermostable and
chemostable compound
▧Hence acids and basis by the process of
hydrogenation or high temperature up
to1800°C.Long exposure to UV- Radiation and
oxidising agents can destroy vitamin E.
Function
Antioxidant property -- prevents the non-enzymatic
oxidations of various cell components by molecular
oxygen and free radicals such as superoxide and
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
Vitamin E is lipophilic in character and is found in
association with lipoproteins, fat deposits and cellular
membrane
Increases the synthesis of heme by enhancing the
activity of enzyme – δ aminolevulinic acid (ALA)
synthase and ALA dehydratase.
Associated with reproductive function and Prevents
sterility.
Prevents the oxidation of Vitamin A and carotenes
Manufacturing process
• Preliminary check
• Preblending
1 • Wet granulation
• Weighing and mixing
• Encapsulating machine
2 • Polishing and inspection
• Tableting
• Coating
• packaging
3
Encapsulating machine
CNTD….
SOURCE: Soy and Sunflower .
Sunflower based D Alpha Tocopherol is an increasing
demand due to Its Non Allergen properties.
Low viscosity and high concentrations make D-Alpha Tocopherol
ideal for soft gel capsules.
Products developed - Various Concentrations are present
Commercially available
▧Evion(merck) -200mg,400mg,600mg Preparation
soft gelatin capsules. Vitamin E
▧E-cap ------- 200mg,400mg capsules preparations are
available in single
▧.Edge --------400 IU of gelatin
form(ᾀ tocopherol)
capsules.
or with one or
▧Tocofer----- 200mg,400mg capsules. more other
▧Monovitin--- 100 IU,200 IU,400 IU additives.
capsules.
ADM
E
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Absorbed along with fat in the upper
small intestine.
Combines with Bile salts (micelles)
to form mixed micelle
Dietary vitamin E is incorporated into
chylomicrons of Mucosal cells
Transport vitamin E to the peripheral
tissue or liver.
Hepatic vitamin E is incorporated to
VLDL (VLDL to LDL).Transported with
LDL to reach the peripheral tissues
Continued……
Storage: Mainly stored in liver and adipose
tissue
Present in biological membranes, because of its
affinity to phospholipids
USES OF VITAMIN E
Block the formation of nitrosamines.
Higher intake of vitamin E with a decreased incidence
of prostate cancer
Topical applications,including treating burns
Reducing wrinkles
Healing irritations.
Treating skin problems & diseases such as soriasis.
preventing skin damage due to its sun protection
quality
vitamin E lotions help soften the appearance of
acne and surgical scars.
