WEEK 4

LESSON 1
PRONOUNS
ELC 121
What is a PRONOUN?
◦A pronoun takes the place of a noun / replaces a
noun

Recap question from the previous lesson:

◦ 1. What is a noun?
◦ 2. Give 5 examples of noun.
 ◦A pronoun takes the place of a noun / replaces a noun

◦There are 7 types of pronouns:

1. Personal Pronoun
2. Possessive Pronoun & Possessive Adjectives
3. Relative Pronoun
4. Interrogative Pronoun
5. Demonstrative Pronoun
6. Indefinite Pronoun
7. Reflexive Pronoun
Page 23 scan
Identify the nouns in the following sentences and
replace with the correct pronoun.
1. Ali is a student.

2. Salmah likes to read books.

3. The cat usually eats fish.

4. My family and I are going on a trip next weekend.

5. The students are waiting for the bus.

Personal Pronouns
A) Subject Pronouns

◦Some personal pronouns can be subjects of sentences.

◦For boy or man use he.
◦For a girl or woman use she.
◦For plants or things which are not alive use it.
◦For animals or countries use it.
Source:Towards Better English Grammar, by Gaudart. H (2007)
Practice 1
1. Rashid can drive the car.

2. The flowers are form of beauty.

3. My parents are leaving tonight.

4. Mrs. Sheela is cooking chicken curry.

5. The D-I-Y manual is very useful

6. That cute girl is my cousin.

Personal Pronouns
B) Object Pronouns
◦ Except for you and it, personal pronouns change their forms when they are used as the object
of a verb.
SINGULAR FORMS PLURAL FORMS
SUBJECT FORMS
I you he she it we you they

OBJECT FORMS
me you him her it us you them
Practice 2
◦ Examples:

1. She fried the chicken and ate it.

2. He was teasing the dog. It chased him and bit her leg.

3. I called the lecturer because the preparation for the final examination we worrying me.
Exercise

https://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-exercise-personal-pronouns.php
Possessive Pronouns & Possessive Adjectives
Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns are used to show that something or someone
belongs to a person.

Subject Pronouns I you he she it we you they

Possessiv Adjectives my your his her its our your their
e Pronouns mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
 Possessive Adjectives
◦ Recap: For possessive forms in nouns, we add ‘s or s’
◦ Possessive adjectives are the following:
1. Her
2. My
3. Our
4. Their
5. His
• This possessives comes before the noun
Example:
• This is his car. (belongs to a boy or man)

• This is my book. (belongs to the speaker)

• This is our classroom (belongs to everyone including the speaker)

◦ This is the their house (belongs to people being referred to)

◦ This is her dress. (belongs to a girl or woman)

Possessive Pronouns
◦ We use a possessive instead of naming the person.
◦ This is Ali’s This is his
◦ This is Ali’s cake This is his cake.
◦ Possessive pronouns are the following:

1. Hers

2. Ours

3. Theirs

4. His

5. Mine
Example:
• This car is his. (belongs to a boy or man)

• This book is mine. (belongs to the speaker)

• We study in this classroom. It is ours. (belongs to everyone including the speaker)

• They just bout this house recently. This house is theirs (belongs to people being
referred to)

• This dress is hers. (belongs to a girl or woman)

Practice 3
◦ https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/possessive-pronouns-and-possessive-adjectives-exercise-1.html

Extra practice
◦ https://www.english-4u.de/en/grammar-quizzes/pronouns-possessives.htm
Relative Pronouns
Subject Object Possessive

who who/whom whose

which which whose

that that -
We use relative pronouns to introduce relative clauses. Relative clauses tell us more about people
and things:

Mr. John, who is 62, has just retired.

This is the house which Bob built.
Marie Curie is the woman that discovered radium.
We use:
•who and whom for people
•which for things
•that for people or things.
Examples:
• The driver who ran the stop sign was careless.

• The children, whom we love dearly, need better educations.

• Never go to a doctor whose office plants have died. (Erma Bombeck)

• I have a friend whose cat is annoying.

• The book, which is now out of print, has all the information you need.

• This is the book that everyone is talking about.

Practice
◦ Textbook (Exercise 11 pages 26-27)
Interrogative Pronouns
◦ We use interrogative pronouns to ask questions. The interrogative pronoun represents the thing

that we don't know (what we are asking the question about).

◦ There are four main interrogative pronouns: who, whom, what, which
Question Answer

Who told you? John told me. subject

Whom did you tell? I told Mary. object

What's happened? An accident's happened. subject

What do you want? I want coffee. object

Which came first? The Porsche 911 came first. subject

Which will the doctor see first? The doctor will see the patient in object
blue first.

There's one car missing. Whose hasn't John's (car) hasn't arrived. subject
arrived?

We've found everyone's keys. Whose did I found John's (keys). object
you find?
We use interrogative pronouns to ask questions. They are: who, which, whom, what and whose. These
are also known as wh-words. Questions using these are called wh-questions:
called last night?
keys are yours?
do I ask for at the desk?
did you do when the electricity failed?
watch is this?

Interrogative pronouns: uses

We use who and whom on their own:
paid?
did you speak to?
We can use whose, which and what either on their
own (as pronouns) or with a noun head (underlined):

As pronouns With a noun head

Whose are these books? Whose books are these?

Which did you buy? Which sweater did you buy?

What is the number on the door? What number is your house?

We can use who, whose, which and what both as subject and object:

is the best footballer in the world? (who as subject)

did you meet? (who as object)

happened next? (what as subject)

did you buy? (what as object)

◦ Who or whom?
◦ Warning:
◦ We use whom as an object in formal styles. When we use a preposition before whom, it is even more
formal. We don’t normally use it in speaking:

◦ Whom did you give the book to? (formal)

◦ To whom did you give the book? (very formal) Or, less formally: Who did you give the book to?
What or which?
We use what when we ask about specific information from a general range of possible answers:

What’s the tallest building in the world?

What did you say? I couldn’t hear you.

What’s your address?

*We use which when we ask for specific information from a restricted range of possible answers:

[looking at a list of addresses]

A:Which is your address?

B:This one here.

We use which when we ask for specific information from a restricted range of possible
answers:

◦ [looking at a list of addresses]

◦ A:Which is your address?

◦ B:This one here.

◦ [looking at a photograph of three women]

◦ Which one is your sister?

Practice
◦ Textbook (Exercise 10 pages 26)
Demonstrative Pronouns
◦ Watch the following view
◦ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BcxmWhY-zx8

◦ https://www.slideshare.net/Irenya/this-that-these-those-2392594
Practice
◦ https://agendaweb.org/exercises/grammar/demonstratives/this-that-these-those

◦ http://www.focus.olsztyn.pl/en-demonstratives-exercises.html#.X31BzGgzZPZ
Indefinite Pronouns
◦ We use indefinite pronouns to refer to people or things without saying exactly who or what
they are. We use pronouns ending in -body or -one for people, and pronouns ending
in -thing for things:
For people

anybody everybody nobody somebody

anyone everyone no one someone

Everybody enjoyed the concert.

I opened the door but there was no one at home.

For things

anything everything nothing something

It was a very clear day. We could see everything.

Nothing is ready at the moment.

 Be careful!

1. In negative clauses, we use pronouns with no-, not pronouns with any-:
2. Nobody came. (NOT Anybody didn't come.)
3. We do not use another negative in a clause with nobody, no one or nothing:
4. Nobody came. (NOT Nobody didn't come.)
Nothing happened. (NOT Nothing didn't happen.)
Practice
◦ https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/confusing_words/something_anything.htm
Reflexive Pronouns
◦ Reflexive pronouns are used when the object is the same as the subject. For example, in the
sentence "he hurt himself", he and himself refer to the same person.

◦ Reflexive pronouns are also used for emphasis. In this case, they are referred to as intensive
pronouns. For example, in the sentence "I spoke to the president himself", the speaker
emphasizes that he spoke to the president personally NOT somebody else.

◦ Sometimes we add the suffixes –self (singular) or –selves (plural) to words like my, your,
him, her, it, our and them.
"I always do my homework myself. Nobody helps me."

"He never does his homework himself. The teacher always helps him."

Source: https://www.myenglishpages.com/
List of Reflexive Pronouns

Subject Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns

I myself
you yourself
Singular
he himself
form
she herself
it itself
we ourselves
Plural
you yourselves
form
they themselves

Source: https://www.myenglishpages.com/
Practice
Complete the following sentences using appropriate reflexive pronouns.

◦ 1. We should have faith in ………………………..

◦ 2. He let …………………… and his family down by his bad behavior.

◦ 3. Saints do not pray only for ……………………..

◦ 4. We see ……………………. in a mirror.

◦ 5. She ……………………. found out her mistakes.

◦ 6. He ……………………. is responsible for this.

◦ 7. I learnt typewriting by ………………………

◦ 8. I want you ……………………. to undertake this responsibility.

◦ 9. She wouldn’t excuse …………………….. for the mistakes she had made.

◦ 10. He did the job ………………………

◦ 11. The minister …………………….. went to console the victims of the

accident.

◦ 12. They ruined ………………………. by acting irresponsibly.

Extra Practice
◦ Refer to the attached pdf document
◦ http://www.autoenglish.org/generalgrammar/gr.reflex.pdf
REVIEW
Subject Possessive Possessive Reflexive Object
Pronouns Adjectives Pronouns Pronouns Pronouns
I my mine myself me
you your yours yourself you
Singular he his his himself him
form
she her hers herself her
it its its itself it
we our ours ourselves us
Plural
you your yours yourselves you
form
they their theirs themselves them

Source: https://www.myenglishpages.com/
Homework:
◦ Textbook page 28