Living Environment ~ Regents Name: Relationships — Option 2 Worksheet Symbiotic Relationships, Predation and Competition SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS: Organisms living together resulting in at least one of them benefitting from the other. How are these organisms interacting with each other? t ‘When one organism (the parasite) lives in/on another Le organism (the host) and benefits at its expense. (@, @) Aes Parasitism: Ex. A tapeworm feeding off an organism ‘STOP & JOT: Parasites rarely kill their hosts right. Instead they keep them alive as long as needed. In fact, the best parasites never actually kill their hosts, though they may weaken them significantly. Explain why parasites would not ‘want to kill their hosts immediately. 2. Commensalism: the Remora Fish feeds off the food scraps from the shark ‘When one organism benefits, and the other isn’t helped or harmed (8, ©) The remora has a suction cup on the top of its head to attach to the shark. It eats the excess food that the shark doesn’t eat and also gets a free ride (using no energy of its own for movement). Does the remora cause any harm to the shark? Does the shark benefit from the remora in any way? he Plover cleans the teeth of the crocodile "ings that benefit each other (@, ©) When organisms do How does the plover benefit? How does the crocodile benefit? Predation - one animal stalks, kills and eats another or simply eats another when finding it (herbivores prey” on plants). I Competition ~ two or more organisms fight for resources same species or different species.‘Symbiosis PRACTICE Directions: Read each of the relationship scenarios below. Identify the two organisms involved in the boxes labeled ‘Organism 1’ and ‘each example isin the third column. rganism 2’, and identify whether they benefit, are harmed, or are neutral in the relationship. Lastly, classify what type of symbiosis Pomel ‘Organism 1 ‘Symbiotic Relationship? Cordyceps Fungus Parasitism (Benefits) (Harmed) (©,8) 1. Atype of bacteria lives in the roots of plants. The bacteria helps the plants obtain nutrients. The roots are a moist home, which helps the bacteria grow and reproduce. ‘Organism 1 (Organism 2 Symbiotic Relationship? 2, The fungus known as “chicken of the woods" grows on trees, The fungus breaks down the tree and gets its nutrients that way. The tree decays, gets weak, and becomes very vulnerable to extreme weather. ‘Organism 1 (Organism 2 Symbiotic Relationship? 3. Tapeworms are a particular species of worm that resides in the small intestine of mammals (including humans). The tapeworm latches on to the walls of the small intestine, and siphons (steals) nutrients from the mamma's digestive tract. This can cause severe nutrient deficiency, weakness, and extreme weight-loss for the mammal. ‘Organism 1 (Organism 2 Symbiotic Relationship? ) 4, Cattle Egrets are a type of bird commonly found on farms, As cattle, horses, and other livestock graze (eat grass) on the field, they cause movernents that stir up various insects. As the insects are stirred up, the cattle egrets following the livestock catch and feed upon them, ‘Organism 1 (Organism 2 Symbiotic Relationship? 5. Oxpeckers are a small bird commoniy found on rhinoceroses, The oxpecker feeds on the parasites that cover the rhinoceroses’ skin. The bird gets a meal and the rhinoceros is relieved oft (Organism 1 (Organism 2 he harmful parasites. ‘Symbiotic Relationship?