TEST CODE 01207020

FORM TP 2007048 MAY/JU~F. 2007

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE

EXAMII'OA TION

BIOLOGY

Paper 02 - General Proficiency

11 hours

READ THE FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS CAREFULLY

1. There are F'IVE questions in this booklet. Answer ALL questions.

2. You MUST use this answer booklet when responding to the questions.
For each question, write your answer in the space provided and return
the unswcr booklet at the end of the examination.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTO, YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

Copyrigltt @ 2006 Caribhcan Examinations Council ®.

All rights resen•ed.
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NOTHING HAS BEEN OMITTED

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Answer ALL questions.

You should NOT spend more than 30 minutes on Question 1.

1. Students in a Biology class wish to test the hypothesis that all leaves on a tree photosynthesize at the
same rate. They select leaves from a tree similar to that illustrated in Figure 1.

Leaves exposed
to a lot of sunight
Leaves in
extremely dim -----.4J:~f,Qlff.\~
sunlight

L---------Leaves exposed
to little sunlight

Figure 1. Diagram of a tree displaying its canopy

(a) (i) Describe how the students may investigate the hypothesis. Include in your descrip-
tion any apparatus/materials required.

Apparatus/materials:

Method:

( 6 marks)

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(ii) Write an aim for the investigation.

( 2 marks)

(iii) Suggest ONE precaution the students should take in their investigation.

( 1 mark)

(b) Table 1 below shows the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis
at two different light intensities.

TABLE 1: EFFECT OF CARBON DIOXIDE ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS

co, Rate of photosynthesis

concentration ( o/o)
Low light High light
intensity intensity
0.00 0 0
O.o2 15 30
0.04 24 50
0.06 31 64
0.08 36 70
0.10 38 74
0.12 40 75
0.14 40 75
0.20 40 75

(i) On the graph paper on page 5, construct a line graph to show the effect of carbon
dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis. ( 6 marks)

(ii) Using Table 1 and the graph you constructed, determine the concentration at which
carbon dioxide is a limiting factor at high and low light intensities respectively.

At low intens ity:

At high inte nsity:

( 2marks)

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(iii) Apart from carbon dioxide and sunlight, identify ONE OTHER environmental factor
that is required for photosynthesis.

(I mark)

(c) (i) Using arrows only, illustrate on Figure 2 the pathway by which the products of photo-
synthesis arrive at storage cells or organs. ( 2 marks)

Figure 2. Stylised diagram of the components of a plant

(ii) What is the name of the transporting tissue?

(1 mark)

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(d) Table 2 below shows the composition of human breast milk, UI-IT cow's milk and infant formula.
TABLE 2: COMPOSITION OF THREE TYPES OF MILK

Amount /lOOg milk

Constituent Breast milk UHTcow's Infant
milk formula

Energy (kcal) 77.0 65.0 100

Water (g) 85.2 87.4 0.0
Protein (g) 1.1 3.5 1.5
Fat (g) 4.0 3.5 4.3
Lactose (milk sugar) (g) 9.5 4.9 9.2
Vitamin C (mg) 5.0 1.0 5.0
Calcium (mg) 33.0 11 8.0 7.0

(i) Breast milk is described as best for babies. Using the information in Table 2, give
TWO reasons why this description is appropriate.

( 4 marks)
(ii) Apart from nutcients, suggest ONE OTHER value of breast milk.

(lmark)
(e) Minerals are required for good nutrition in plants. Name TWO minerals used by plants and
state the function of EACH mineral named.
Mineral! :

Function:

Mincral 2:

Function:

( 4marks)
Total 30 marks

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2. (a) Figure 3 is a diagram of the elbow joint.

Figure 3. Diagram showing the elbow joint

(i) Name the type of joint illustrated in Figure 3.

(1 mark)

(ii) Label the diagram to illustrate the MAIN features of a joint. ( 4 marks)

(iii) In the diagram at Figure 3, a pad of fat is shown. Suggest ONE function of this feature
in the elbow joint.

( 1 mark)

(iv) People who suffer from arthritis experience pain because certain parts of the joint are
worn away. Identify TWO parts of the joint that are likely to be worn away.

( 2 marks)

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(b) Figure 4 illustrates two mammalian vertebrae.

Vertebra J Vertebra II

Figure 4. Diagram of two mammalian vertebrae

(i) Name EACH vertebra shown in Figure 4.

Vertebra 1:

Vertebra II:

( 2 marks)

(ii) Name THREE features that have similar functions in the two vertebrae shown
in Figure 4.

( 3 marks)

(iii) Identify 0:-ffi feature that distinguishes between the two vertebrae.

( 1 mark)

Total14 marks

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3. (a) The pupils of the human eye illustrated in Figure 5 show different responses to external stimuli.

Pupil I Pupil II

Figure 5. Pupils of the human eye responding to stimuli

(i) Identify the stimulus for EACH pupil in Figure 5.

Stimulus for Pupil!:

Stimulus for Pupil II:

( 2 marks)

(ii) For Pupil II in Figure 5, describe how the response came about.

( 3 marks)

(iii) How are the responses illustrated by the pupils in Figure 5 important to humans?

( 2 marks)

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(b) The diagram of the eye at Figure 6 shows how the lens appears in a short-sighted person.

Figure 6. Diagram of the eye of a short-sighted person

(i) Using arrows, show on Figure 6 where an image that is viewed by this person would
normally fall in relation to the retina. ( 2 marks)

(ii) Innovations in treating eye defects include lens replacement. On the diagram below, draw
the lens that is likely to correct the defect shown in Figure 6, if lens replacement is done.
( 2 marks)

(c) Although plants have no specialized organs of sensitivity such as the eye, they also respond to
external stimuli. Explain TWO ways in which the response in plants is different from the
respo nse to external stimuli by humans.

( 4marks)

Total IS marks

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4. (a) Figure 7 below shows the longitudinal section of a tomato fmir.

Figure 7. Longitudinal section of a lollllliO fmit

(i) Complete Figure 7 by labelling SIX parts of the fruit. ( 6 marks)

(ii) The seeds of the fruit shown in Figure 7 are dispersed by animals. Identify TWO
ways in which thes~ seeds arc adapted for this proc~ss.

( 2 marks)

(b) Figure 8 below shows the green and dry stages of a legume.

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Greco legume Dry legume

Figure 8. Green and dry stages of the same fruit of a legume

(i) What type of dispersal is shown by the fnrit illustrated in Figure 8?

( 1 mark)

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(ii) Give TWO reasons why the plant parts illustrated in Figures 7 and 8 are classified by
biologists as fruits.

( 4 marks)

(c) Suggest ONE similarity and TWO differences in the ways in which the ovary in humans and in
plants functions.

Similarity:

( lmark)

Differences:

( 2 marks)

Total 16 marks

5. (a) Complete Table 3 below by writing an example and the cause of EACH type of disease listed.

TABLE 3: TYPES OF DISEASES

Type of disease Example Cause

Pathogenic

Deficiency

Hereditary

Physiological

( 8 marks)

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(b) Figure 9 below gives some data on factors affecting the transmission ofiiiV and AIDS in the
Caribbean.

IVD

Other Unknown

Homobisexual
WI ~

- Blood
b~ transfusion
Q'aolforliiiOa
o.J':\
Heterosexual
Pediatric cases

}'igure 9. Factors affecting the transmission of HIV and AIDS in the Caribbean

(i) Using information from the pie chart. give the THREE most common ways in which
HIV and AIDS are spread in the Caribbean.

( 3 marks)

(ii) Suggest TWO ways in which people in the Caribbean can reduce the spread of HIV
and AIDS.

( 2marks)

(iii) Identify TWO symptoms of AIDS.

( 2marks)

TotallS marks

END OF TEST

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