Scribd
Upload
47 views2 pages

Problem Sheet 3, Gauge Theories in Particle Physics: Problem 1: Time Ordering (5 Points)

This document provides two problems for a particle physics problem sheet. Problem 1 involves showing the equivalence of two expressions involving time ordering of a quantum field. Problem 2 involves deriving expressions for the differential Lorentz-invariant phase space for 1 and 2 final state particles, including showing the expressions in terms of invariant quantities and for some specific mass cases. The problem sheet is due on November 27, 2020 at 1pm.

Uploaded by

Kiran Adhikari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
47 views2 pages

Problem Sheet 3, Gauge Theories in Particle Physics: Problem 1: Time Ordering (5 Points)

This document provides two problems for a particle physics problem sheet. Problem 1 involves showing the equivalence of two expressions involving time ordering of a quantum field. Problem 2 involves deriving expressions for the differential Lorentz-invariant phase space for 1 and 2 final state particles, including showing the expressions in terms of invariant quantities and for some specific mass cases. The problem sheet is due on November 27, 2020 at 1pm.

Uploaded by

Kiran Adhikari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Problem Sheet 3, Gauge Theories in Particle

Physics
Lecture: Prof. Michael Krämer
Tutorials: M.Sc. Colomba Brancaccio, Dr. Silvia Manconi

Winter Term 2020/2021


Deadline: 27 November 2020 at 1 p.m.

Problem 1: Time ordering [5 points]


Consider a quantum field fˆ(t), where space coordinates are suppressed, and
show that:
Z ∞
1 ∞
Z t1 Z Z ∞
dt1 ˆ ˆ
dt2 f (t1 )f (t2 ) = dt1 dt2 T (fˆ(t1 )fˆ(t2 ))
−∞ −∞ 2 −∞ −∞

where

T (fˆ(t1 )fˆ(t2 )) = fˆ(t1 )fˆ(t2 ) f or t1 > t2


= fˆ(t2 )fˆ(t1 ) f or t2 > t1 .

Problem 2: Phase Space [15 points]


The differential Lorentz-invariant phase space dφn for n final-state particles of
momenta p1 , ..., pn is defined as

d3 p~1 d3 p~2 d3 p~n


dφn = (2π)4 δ (4) (P − p1 − . . . − pn ) 3 3
... ,
(2π) 2E1 (2π) 2E2 (2π)3 2En

where P is the sum of the initial momenta (the invariant mass P 2 is usually
denoted by s).

2.1 Show that the one-particle phase space for a particle of mass m is

m2
 
1
dφ1 = (2π) δ 1 − Θ(P0 ).
s s

1
2.2 Show that the phase space for two particles of mass m1 and m2 in the
center-of-mass frame reads
1 |~p1 |CM
(dφ2 )CM = dΩ θ(ECM − m1 − m2 ),
4(2π)2 ECM

where dΩ is the infinitesimal solid angle and ECM is the total energy in
the center-of-mass frame.
2.3 Show that dφ2 can actually be written in terms of Lorentz-invariant quan-
tities as
1 √
dφ2 = 2
λ1/2 (s, m21 , m22 ) dΩ θ( s − m1 − m2 ),
8(2π) s

where λ(a, b, c) = a2 + b2 + c2 − 2ab − 2ac − 2bc is the Källén function.


2.4 Calculate dφ2 in the three cases {m1 = m2 }, {m1 6= 0, m2 = 0}, {m1 =
m2 = 0}.

You might also like