Location-Enabled LoRa™ IoT Network:

“Geo-LoRa-ting” your assets

T. Lestable, Ph.D
Innovation & Technology
Office of CTO
SAGEMCOM SAS
 Internet of Everything (IoE) is coming…sooner than you think

By 2020:
* [30-50] Billion devices connected
* $7,1 Trillion Global Market

2 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 IoT/M2M, Beyond the Hype…

5G??

http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2575515
3 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 IoT early stage investments (2013)

$115M
Cellular IoT
$25M $25M
$11M

4 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 Overall IoT Market Forecast by 2025

minority
True revolution is
not coming from
where you might
think….
 Industrial IoT is
leading the Market !

Source: McKinsey, June 2015

5 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 Strategic IoT Use Cases/Services (illustrations)

6 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 GeoFencing, GeoTargeting, GeoPositioning, Tracking…

Source: Geoloqi

“Trigger geofences based on events like

- entering, dwelling, or leaving a place
- time of day
- crossing a speed threshold
- entering a city, state or country
- after traveling a given distance
- after a particular change in altitude ”

Smart Cities

7 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 Waste Collection for Smart Cities, By ENEVO

Waste Container connected sensor

Waste Collection optimized route

Ultrasonic fill level sensor

10+ years battery life
IP 66, [-40°, +85°]

Finland
http://www.enevo.com/

8 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 Tank monitoring & Delivery Optimization, By SENET

Network as a Service (NaaS)

- Wireless Network roll-out (150 Rx GW)
- Data Aggregation platform
- Network Resource Tools

Propane, Heating oil, Water, Farming coop….

http://www.senetco.com/ US
9 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 Fire/CO2 Detection & Alarms, by FINSECUR

10 years battery life

Up to 10 ‘DAAF’ (Detectors) interconnected
Std: EN 14604

HQ Nanterre, FR
http://www.finsecur.com/index.php
10 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 Emerging De-facto LRLP standards

‘De-facto’ standards

Vs

Open Standard

IOT, Multi-Vendors, Certification

11 Source: McKinsey, June 2015

This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 IoT – Long Range Low Power (LRLP): LoRA™ Alliance

• LoRA™ Alliance
• announced during CES 2015, in Las Vegas (January’15)
• Launched during MWC 2015, in Barcelona (March’15)

+100 members!! (Sept.’15)

• http://lora-alliance.org/
12 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 LoRa Alliance – Sample of Members (+100 members)

Sponsor Members Contributor Members

Operators
Adopter Members

13 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
14 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 LoRa
™ Network Features

15 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 Sagemcom IoT Offer - overview

Sagemcom Offering spreads through a set of IoT

products :
• Sagemcom IoT Packet Core (SPC): a modular software
suite to build core network IoT solutions
• Sagemcom IoT RAN (SRAN): a set of network
equipments (HW/SW) to build the IoT Radio Access
Network
• Sagemcom IoT End-Points (SEP): a set of optimized
radio modules to build IoT connected devices.

SEP SRAN SPC

16 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 LoRa™ PHY Layer: Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) / IEEE 802.15.4a

2𝑆𝐹
𝑇𝑠 =
𝑡2 𝐵𝑊
𝑠 𝑡 = 𝑒
−𝑖𝜋∗𝐵𝑊∗ 𝑡−
𝑇𝑠 𝑇𝑠 = 2𝑆𝐹 ∗ 𝑇𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑝
1
𝑇𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑝 =
𝐵𝑊 Spreading Gain
Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM)

𝛽𝜏 = 𝐵𝑊 ∗ 𝑇𝑠 = 2𝑆𝐹 ≫ 1

LoRa™ PHY inherits its properties from

RADAR technology, and its maturity in
Telecom from IEEE 802.15.4a (WPAN)

17 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 LoRaWAN device classes

18 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 LoRa™: Bidirectional communications
Class A: Receiver Initiated Transmission strategy (RIT)

LoRa™ is
fully
bidirectionnal

Latency constrained applications

Class B: Coordinated Sampled Listening (CSL) from early
Network may send downlink packet to node at any Rx slot stage.

Power Efficiency
Three Modes
(Class A, B,
C) allow to
embrace
Industry 4.0
strong
Class C: Continuous Listening segment of
applications.

19 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 LoRA™ nodes protocols

- Variable Spreading Factors

- (SF7-SF12)
- Data rates
- [0.3Kbps – 50Kbps]
- Pseudo-random Channel Hopping
- Duty-cycle limited (NO LBT)
- 3 classes of Devices
- Class A: Bi-directional with
2 Rx windows
- Class B: Bi-directional with
additional scheduled Rx
slots
- Class C: Continuous Rx

Class A

2 End-Device • Ultra small/low power

Activation Methods: • 10x5x5 cm, <3Watt
- Over The Air • Multiple channels & data rates
Activation (OTAA) • 8 channels
- Activation By • Best sensitivity
Personalization • -142dBm @300bps
(ABP) • -129dBm @6Kbps
• Antenna Diversity

20 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
21 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 TDOA Basics

𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖
Hyperbolic Geolocation
𝑑𝑖 𝑥𝑖
𝑦𝑖

𝑇𝑒

𝑥
𝑦

Source: Semtech

𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖 = 𝑇𝑒 + 𝑇𝑂𝐹𝑖
Δ𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖𝑗 = 𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖 − 𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑗 = 𝑇𝑂𝐹𝑖 − 𝑇𝑂𝐹𝑗
𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑗 = 𝑇𝑒 + 𝑇𝑂𝐹𝑗 𝑇𝑒 is not needed no need to
synchronize EndPoint with BS

𝑑
LOS assumed Δ𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖𝑗 = 𝑑𝑐𝑖 − 𝑐𝑗=1𝑐 𝑑𝑖 −𝑑𝑗 Known  Constant

𝑑𝑖 − 𝑑𝑗 = 𝛿𝑖𝑗 = 𝑐Δ𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖𝑗 constant

−2𝑥 𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥1 − 2𝑦 𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦1 − 2𝑑1 𝛿𝑖1
𝑑𝑖 = 𝑑𝑗 + 𝛿𝑖𝑗 𝑑 2 𝑖 = 𝑑 2𝑗 + 𝛿 2 𝑖𝑗 + 2𝑑𝑗 𝛿𝑖𝑗
𝑥
𝑑 2 𝑖 = 𝑥 − 𝑥𝑖 2 + 𝑦 − 𝑦𝑖 2
Linear w.r.t 𝑦 = 𝑋 𝐴∗𝑋 =Δ
𝑑1
22 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 LPWAN Killing application = Geo-Location whilst saving battery!

TDOA

RSS Data
Fusion &
hybrid
solutions
are natural
solutions
thanks to
flat IP
architecture
Geo-Location is a « MUST HAVE »
for many industrial 4.0 applications, DRSS
and thus KEY Differentiator amongst
IoT Systems.

23 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 Geolocation – Macro BS/GW Roll-out - illustration
Outdoor Geolocation
GPS available and only few
indoor available

No Geolocation

Macro BS/GW

24 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 Geolocation – Densify Macro BS/GW - illustration

Data rate optimized

GPS (battery saving)
devices anywhere

GeoLocation not
guaranteed in deep
indoor

Macro BS/GW

Deep indoor

25 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 Cellular IoT Roll-out Layout – Evaluation Methodology

LoRa Parameters
Carrier frequency 𝐹𝑐 = 868MHz
Bandwidth BW = 125kHz
Spreading factor 7
Layout and Drop Parameters
Inter-Site Distance ISD = 1732m
GW Drop location Fixed (42 sites, hexagonal
layout)
Antenna gain 𝐺GW = 3dBi
(omnidirectional)
Antenna height 𝐻GW = 32m
Max
Transmit power 𝑃GW = 21dBm
Noise figure NFGW = 7dB
EP Drop location Random (5000 EPs outdoor)

Antenna gain 𝐺GW = 0dBi

(omnidirectional)
Antenna height 𝐻EP = 1.5m
Max
Transmit power 𝑃EP = 14dBm
Noise figure NFEP = 7dB
Propagation Parameters
Pathloss Model Friis (𝛼 = 3)
Shadowing Standard deviation 𝜎S𝐻 = 8dB
Fast Fading None LoS, no multipath (delay) Hexagonal Layout
Localization
Number of transmission per EP 10

26 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 Geolocation Algorithms Framework – DTOA behaviour

Rx Macro BS/GW

DTOA

LoRa™ Networks greatly benefit from:

- Multiple Rx BS/GW (act as Sensor NW for UL packets)
- Centralized Data Fusion Architecture

Other Key LoRa™ Wireless degrees of Freedom will bring improvements

27 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 TDOA (Weighted Least Square) – influence of SF

SF7
SF12

Increased SF  increased coverage  higher Nb of Rx GWs

SF7

SF9

SF12

To get full benefits from LoRa™ degrees of

freedom (ADR, TxPr, densification,…), joint
Optimization is required …designing RRM

28 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 IoT Network Management & planning – Preliminary Guidelines

DTOA DTOA

30% - Algorithm gain

50% - SF Gain
Network Densification

ISD = 1732 m
SF ISD (m) Macro only

Increasing the Spreading Factor

Densifying the Network
(SF) greatly benefits
also benefits GeoLocation
GeoLocation

Thanks to its dynamic & adaptive features, LoRa™ enables Optimized

Network Roll-out & Management, with Multiple SLA Objectives

29 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 Sagemcom - Femto LoRa™ integration

• An easy way to increase the densification to :

Femto LoRa
• Connect additionnal objects
• Connect inhome appliances
• Enhance the accuracy Home residential
Gateway
• LoRa in the Home residential GWY :
• Plugging a module on existing Home residential
Gateway via existing USB interface.

• LoRa capabilities managed from LoRa servers :

• Low software impact inside the Home residential
gateway itself (mainly driver of the Module and
passthrough interface to the Lora Server)

30 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 Indoor Femtocells Roll-out Layout – Evaluation Methodology

LoRa Parameters
Carrier frequency 𝐹𝑐 = 868MHz
HetNet – Femto Layout, Density 0.5/km2
Bandwidth BW = 125kHz

Spreading factor Génie (=7)

Layout and Drop Parameters
Inter-Site Distance ISD = 1732m

GW Drop location Fixed (19 sites, hexagonal

layout)
Antenna gain 𝐺GW = 3dBi
(omnidirectional)
Antenna height 𝐻GW = 35m
Max
Transmit power 𝑃GW = 21dBm

Noise figure NFGW = 7dB

EP Drop location Random (1000 EPs outdoor)

Antenna gain 𝐺GW = 0dBi

(omnidirectional)
Antenna height 𝐻EP = 1.5m
Max
Transmit power 𝑃EP = 14dBm

Noise figure NFEP = 7dB

Propagation Parameters
Pathloss Model 3GPP TR36,942 v12,0
Shadowing Standard deviation 𝜎SF = 8dB

Inter-correlation 0
Fast Fading COST207 Rural Area LoS/NLoS, multipath (max
delay 0.5µs)
Localization
Number of transmission per EP 1

31 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 With Box/Femto LoRa™: 100% data coverage & enhanced GeoLoc

GPS Severe access devices

regain connectivity &
Geolocation improved

GeoLocation not always

guaranteed indoor

Data Fusion
Femto (D)RSS

32 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 Joint/Hybrid GeoLocation Performance –
Femto RSS Fusion with Macro DTOA

Macro + Femtos
Gain Macro only

Even if not synchronized, Femtos benefit

greatly Geolocation thanks Fusion of their
RSS with Macro DTOA

ISD = 1732 m

33 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 Influence of Femtos Density onto Joint/Hybrid GeoLocation
Performance – RSS Fusion

Femtos benefit
Geolocation
thanks to Data
Fusion
(RSS and
DTOA)

34 ISD = 1732 m This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 With Box/Femto LoRa™ + sync option: 100% data + GeoLocation
coverage
GPS
Localisation and data
services available
everywhere indoor

Data Fusion
Femto DTOA

35 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 Joint/Hybrid GeoLocation Performance –
Femto DTOA (sync) Fusion with Macro DTOA

When synchronized, Femtos’ benefit on

Geolocation is outstanding thanks to
Fusion of their timestamps (TOA) with
Macro TOAs, through DTOA approach

ISD = 1732 m

36 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 Reliability @90%: Influence of Femtos roll-out, thanks to
Hyrid/Fusion of RSS/TOA
Macro only

Data Fusion Gain

Time stamps + RSS

Data Fusion
Femtos

ISD = 1732 m
Flexibility of IoT LoRa™ Network allows to tailor & adapt both roll-
out strategies & dynamic performance to meet SLA & QoS Criteria,
thus delivering true LPWAN Experience
37 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
38 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 IoT GeoLocation assessment Criteria & trade-offs

There is a strong NEED for

flexibility to deal with variability &
Randomness of Wireless
Environment !

This will make the

difference on SLA
& TCO !

39 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 LPWAN IoT Systems – Now & Tomorrow

LPWAN are changing already the rules of competition by

proposing new disruptive business models, thanks to tailored
technology, well dimensionned from the beginning with the true
fondamental and simple primary needs from major industrial
IoT:
- (Very) Low Power
- (Very) Long Range
- (Very) Low Cost (TCO)

This allows new actors to join the Connected Economy, by

adopting available & affordable wireless technology, with simple
& fast roll-out.

Simplifying IoT roll-out will massively

benefit value extraction from data, and
its monetization.

Innovative & disruptive business is emerging from ISM bands

technologies (e.g. WiFi, RFID, SRD, and now IoT), Regulators
should bear that in mind, whilst LTE-U/LAA is crossing the line…
40 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
 Thanks…
Any Question?

Special Thanks to:

- Massinissa Lalam, Ph.D
- Maxime Grau