MODULE 6.

FOR LOOP, WHILE LOOP, DO WHILE LOOP

DIFINITIONS

In computer programming, loops are used to repeat a block of code.

For Example, let’s say we want to show a message 100 times. Then instead of writing the

print statement 100 time, we can use a loop.

That was just a simple example; we can achieve much more efficiency and

sophistication in our programs by making effective use of loops.

There are 3 types of loops in C++

 for loop

 while loop

 do…while loop

OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lessons, the students should be able to:

1. Demonstrate understanding several fundamentals concepts used throughout the Manual

including the for loop, while loop, do while loop.

2. Able to use for loop, while loop, do while loop in C++ programming.

3. Apply the problem-solving methodology used in this module.

4.4 C++ while loop

The syntax of while loop is:

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Here,

 A while loop evaluates the condition

 If the condition evaluates the true, the code inside the while loop is executed.

 The condition is evaluated again.

 This process continues until the condition is false.

 When the condition evaluates to false, the loop terminates.

4.5 Flowchart of for while Loop in C++

Figure 2.

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Example 5. Printing Number From 1 to 5

Output

Here is how this program works

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Example 6. Sum of Positive Number Only

Output

In this program, the user is prompted to enter a number, which is stored in the variable number.

In order to store the sum of the numbers, we declare a variable sum and initialize it to the value

of 0.

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The while loop continues until the user enters a negative number. During each iteration, the

numbers entered by the user is added to the sum variables.

When the user enters a negative number, the loop terminates. Finally, the total sum is displayed.

4.6 C++ do…while loop

The do…while loop is a variant of the while loop with one important difference: the body of

do…while loop is executed once before the condition is checked.

Its syntax is:

Here,

 The body of the loop is executed at first, then the condition is evaluated.

 If the condition evaluates to true, the body of the loop inside the do statement is executed

again.

 The condition is evaluated once again.

 If the condition evaluates to true, the body of the loop inside the do statement is executed

again.

 This process continues until the condition evaluates to false. Then the loop stops.

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4.7 Flowchart of do…while Loop in C++

Example 7: Display Number from 1 to 5

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Output

Here is how this program works

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Example 8. Sum of Positive Numbers Only

Output

Here, the do…while loop continues until the user enters a negative number.

When the number is negative, the loop terminates; the negative number is not added to the sum

variables.

The body of the do…while loops runs only once if the user enters a negative number.

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4.8 Infinite while loop

If the condition of a loop is always true, the loop runs for infinite times (until the memory is full).

For example,

Here is an example of an infinite do…while loop.

In the above programs, the condition is always true. Hence, the loop body will run for infinite

times.

4.9 for vs while loop

A for loop is usually used when the number of iterations is known. For example,

Here, we know the for-loop will be executed 5 times.

However, while and do…while loops are usually used when the number of iterations is unknown.

For example,

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Try this at home…

Problem

Write a program in C++ to convert a hexadecimal number to decimal number. See

example output below.

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