MEASURES OF VARIATION

MEASURES OF VARIATION
 Otherwise known as Measures of Dispersion.

 Indicate the degree or extent to which numerical values are dispersed

or spread out about the average value in a distribution.

 Include the range, the interquartile range, the semi-interquartile

range or the quartile deviation, the mean deviation, the variance and
standard deviation.
RANGE
 The difference between the largest and the lowest values in a data set.

 For Ungrouped data, the range is obtained by finding the difference between the
largest and the lowest values.

Range (R) = Highest Value (HV) – Lowest Value (LV)

 For Grouped data, the range is determined by subtracting the lower boundary of
the lowest class interval from the upper boundary of the highest class interval of a
frequency distribution.

Range (R) = Highest Upper Boundary (HUB) – Lowest Lower Boundary (LLB)
Example1:
Example2:
INTERQUARTILE RANGE (IQR)
The difference between the values of the upper quartile and the lower quartile.
IQR = Q3 – Q1

SEMI-INTERQUARTILE RANGE (SIQR) (QUARTILE DEVIATION (QD))

Example3:
A manufacturing company produced the following number of units per day for a
given period:
21, 25, 20, 28, 30, 23, 22, 31, 32, 27, 19, 33, 24, 29, 26, and 34.
Determine the ff: a.) Range, b.) IQR, and c.) SIQR.
Solution:
19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34

a. R = HV – LV b. IQR = Q3 – Q1
= 34 – 19 = 30.5 – 22.5
R = 15 IQR = 8
Example4: Solutions:
a. R = HUB - LLB
The table below shows the average production of 60 employees
of a manufacturing company during a given week. Find R, IQR = 95.5 – 60.5
and SIQR. R = 35
60
− 12
Ave. Production No. of b. Q1 = 70.5 + 5 ( 10 ) = 72
4

(classes) employees (f) <cf 3(60)

4
− 38
61 - 65 4 4 Q3 = 80.5 + 5 ( 11 ) = 83.68
66 - 70 8 12
71 - 75 10 22 IQR = Q3 – Q1
76 - 80 16 38 = 83.68 – 72
81 - 85 11 49 IQR = 11.68
86 - 90 7 56
91 – 95 4 60
60
MEAN DEVIATION (AVERAGE DEVIATION)
 A more reliable measure of variation than the range, the interquartile range, and
the semi-interquartile range (quartile deviation).
 The measure that takes into account the deviation of the individual values from the
mean.
 Calculates the mean or average deviation using the absolute values of the
deviations.
 Sometimes referred as mean absolute deviation since it uses the absolute values of
the deviations.
 Defined as the average of the absolute deviations of the individual values of a data
set from either the mean, median or mode. However, mean is the most preferred
and commonly used measure of central tendency.
MEAN DEVIATION (AVERAGE DEVIATION)
• For Ungrouped data

σ|𝒙−ഥ
𝒙|
MD or AD =
𝒏

• For Grouped data

σ 𝒇| 𝒙 − ഥ
𝒙|
MD or AD =
𝒏

where:

x – the individual value for ungrouped data and the midpoint for grouped data.
𝑥ҧ - the mean
n – total frequency (total number of scores)
f - the frequency of individual class interval
MEAN DEVIATION STEPS (UNGROUPED DATA)
Example1:
The number of TV units sold by an appliance store for a 10-day period are:
8, 9, 12, 6, 7, 13, 4, 2, 11 and 8.
Determine the mean deviation.
MEAN DEVIATION STEPS (GROUPED DATA)
Example5:
The results of the I.Q. test of a group of IT students in CCSS are
presented in FDT below. Compute the mean deviation (MD) of
the distribution.

Solution:
Class Intervals freq (f) x fx |x - f|x -
70 - 75 2 72.5 145 24.62 49.24
76
76 -- 81
81 7
7 78.5
78.5 549.5
549.5 18.62 130.34
82
82 -- 87
87 20
20 84.5
84.5 1690
1690 12.62 252.4
88
88 -- 93
93 21
21 90.5
90.5 1900.5
1900.5 6.62 139.02
94
94 -- 99
99 39
39 96.5
96.5 3763.5
3763.5 0.62 24.18
100
100 -- 105
105 27
27 102.5
102.5 2767.5
2767.5 5.38 145.26
106
106 -- 111
111 14
14 108.5
108.5 1519
1519 11.38 159.32
112
112 -- 117
117 10
10 114.5
114.5 1145
1145 17.38 173.8
118
118 -- 123
123 5
5 120.5
120.5 602.5
602.5 23.38 116.9
145
145 14082.5
14082.5 1190.46
VARIANCE
VARIANCE FOR GROUPED DATA
VARIANCE STEPS
Example6:
The results of the I.Q. test of a group of a sample group of IT
students are presented in FDT below. Compute the variance of
the distribution.

Solution:
Class Intervals freq (f) x fx x - 𝑥ҧ (x - 𝑥ҧ )2 f(x - 𝑥ҧ )2
70 - 75 2 72.5 145 -24.62 606.14 1212.28
76 - 81 7 78.5 549.5 -18.62 346.7 2426.9
82 - 87 20 84.5 1690 -12.62 159.26 3185.2
88 - 93 21 90.5 1900.5 -6.62 43.82 920.22
94 - 99 39 96.5 3763.5 -0.62 0.38 14.82
100 - 105 27 102.5 2767.5 5.38 28.94 781.38
106 - 111 14 108.5 1519 11.38 129.5 1813
112 - 117 10 114.5 1145 17.38 302.06 3020.6
118 - 123 5 120.5 602.5 23.38 546.62 2733.1
145 14082.5 16107.5
STANDARD DEVIATION
 The most important and reliable measure of variation.

 Calculated by getting the square root of the variance.

 Determines the position of the scores in a frequency distribution in relation to the

mean.

 A low standard deviation means that most of the scores are close to the mean.

 A high standard deviation means that the scores are more spread out.
FOR UNGROUPED DATA
FOR GROUPED DATA
Example7:
The results of the I.Q. test of a group of a sample group of IT
students are presented in FDT below. Compute the standard
deviation of the distribution.

Solution:
Class Intervals freq (f) x fx x - 𝑥ҧ (x - 𝑥ҧ )2 f(x - 𝑥)ҧ
70 - 75 2 72.5 145 -24.62 606.14 1212.28
76 - 81 7 78.5 549.5 -18.62 346.7 2426.9
82 - 87 20 84.5 1690 -12.62 159.26 3185.2
88 - 93 21 90.5 1900.5 -6.62 43.82 920.22
94 - 99 39 96.5 3763.5 -0.62 0.38 14.82
100 - 105 27 102.5 2767.5 5.38 28.94 781.38
106 - 111 14 108.5 1519 11.38 129.5 1813
112 - 117 10 114.5 1145 17.38 302.06 3020.6
118 - 123 5 120.5 602.5 23.38 546.62 2733.1
145 14082.5 16107.5
Practice Exercise:
Given: Prelim exam results of 100 students in Discrete Mathematics. Compute the
for R, IQR, SIQR, MD, S2 and S of the given distribution. Follow the steps.

CI f
15 24 5
25 34 10
35 44 11
45 54 23
55 64 26
65 74 14
75 84 8
85 94 3
M5: Activity No. 2:
1. Determine the R, IQR, SIQR and MD values for the set of data.
21, 23, 25, 19, 18, 30, 22, 26, 27 and 20
2. Given: : Quiz1 results of 38 students in Digital Design. Compute the for R, IQR,
SIQR, MD, S2 and S of the given distribution. Follow the steps.
CI f
14 23 3
24 33 5
34 43 1
44 53 10
54 63 12
64 73 5
74 83 2