Fox Mini-Eductors

for Aspirating, Sampling,

Mixing, and
Vacuum-Generation

Table of Contents

• Mini- Eductors, Introduction Page 2

• How Do Mini-Eductors WorK Page 3
• Air-Driven Mini-Eductors Page 4
• Performance Data w/Air Page 5
• Water-Driven Mini-Eductors Page 6
• Performance Data w/Water Page 7
• Gas Sampling w/ Mini-Eductors Page 8
• Production Minis for OEM's Page 9
• Installation /Outline Info Page 10

FOX VALVE
DEVELOPMENT CORP
Hamilton Business Park
Dover, NJ 07801
973.328.1011
Fax 973-328-3651
email: [email protected]
Web Site: www.foxvalve.com
Bulletin 401 A
 Fox Mini-Eductors
for Aspirating,
A complete range of stock Sampling,
Mini-Eductors Mixing and
Customized/Production Mini-Eductors
Vacuum-Generation
available for shipment in 1 - 2 days to for OEM Applications:
meet your Sampling, Aspirating, Vacuum- • Instrumentation
• Chemicals/Additives/Concentrates
Generation , and Mixing needs: • Fuel Cells
Fox Mini-Eductors can be used with either liquids or gasses to
• Refrigeration
eliminate or replace small pumps or fans in gas or liquid-
handling applications. Fox has been providing thousands of • Biomedical Devices
mini-eductors each year for over twenty years for a huge range • Sump/Drain
of industrial applications.
What's in a name? Industry uses many different names for the Since 1961, Fox Valve Development ( Development IS our
products we supply as Fox Mini-Eductors. These include middle name) has produced venturi eductors optimized for
aspirators, vacuum-generators, mixing tees, venturi vacuum use in a particular OEM application. These range from stan-
pumps, and sampling jets dardized analyzer/instrumentation/sampling systems to
Fox offers a range of off-the-shelf mini-eductors in a emptying oil sumps on locomatives and drillin equipment,
variety of materials and capacities that can handle most and high-purity vapor removal on semiconductor processing
straightforward sampling, mixing, and vacuum applications. machines.
These are described in detail in our Bulletin 401 - available from
our website or by request via [email protected]. Stock Fox Mini-eductors can usually be quickly modified to
Stock units are available 316 stainless, brass, Teflon, provide a ‘proof-of-concept’ test version, which may be
and CPVC. They can also be easily provided in Monel, followed by a few, slightly different prototypes. These are
Hastelloy, PVDF, and any other machinable metal. Standard followed by development prototypes and then, production
end connections are NPT threads. hardware, Customized mini-eductors, bought in quantity with
an annual blanket order, can cost the same as quantity pur-
chases of our stock, off-the-shelf mini-eductors. We can supply
Typical applications: Fox Mini-eductors have been used
whatever material of construction, end connections, special
in every conceivable application. Here is a selection of typical
mounting geometry, weight reduction, or special features you
application:
require.
Handling Gasses:
• Sampling - For aspirating stack or process gasses directly to Shown at
analyzers right are
• Removing hot gasses - Exhausting gasses up to 1000°F from some stan-
reactors, vessels dard and
• Venting high-purity gasses - Common in semi-conductor mfg; special Mini-
all Teflon or high-purity ss mini-eductors are used eductors in a
• Venting corrosive or dusty gasses - Removing gasses such as variety of
phosgene and acid vapors during chemical processes materials,
• Creating vacuum for suction cup operation including
brass, 316
Handling Liquids ss, TFE, and
• Additive Injection - For creating acid, caustic,or other solu- CPVC. Spe-
tions. cial features
• Pump priming - Air conditioning start-ups include one
with two
suctin ports, one with a special dis-
charge connection,and a TFE unit armored with a protective
ss sleeve.

2
How Do Fox Mini-Eductors Work?
Mini-Eductors are used just the way a pump, fan, or chemical another liquid or gas through the 'suction' port. These two fluid
injection pump might be used in a process or system. How- streams are mixed and discharged.
ever, instead of using electricity to rotate an impeller or In order to quote the right hardware, we need you to
compressor, the mini-eductor uses fluid mechanics to define flow rates, fluid properties, and pressures at all three
manipulate thermodynamics and obtain work from energy connections: Motive, Suction, and Discharge. Please note that
stored in the motive fluid. This enables pumping or mixing to the eductor accomplishes work by compressing or pressurizing
occur with no moving parts, and therefore with no mainte- fluid from the suction port up to a higher pressure at the
nance. discharge. Discharge pressure, discharge pipe size, and
How do they work? The 'motive' fluid available to discharge pipe geometry are therefore critical to performance.
drive the eductor ( compressed air, water, N2, hydraulic oil, Discharge pressure needs to be minimized.
etc.) is discharged through a precision machined nozzle. The
resulting high velocity jet creates vacuum and can pull in

Inside a Fox Venturi

Nozzle
Mini-Eductor

Discharge
Motive Gas
This flow rate
must be constant, Discharge
and cannot be Suction Discharge tube/pipe size must be
reduced or Size suction tubing to carefully selected to minimize
controlled. minimize line pressure losses (ΔP) in down-
losses (ΔP). stream lines.

Typical Application #1 Vehicle Emissions Sampling Typical Application Gas or Exhaust

Stream
#2 : On Line Gas
Sampling
An air-driven mini- Analyzer
eductor is used to pull a
sample from a process Air
gas stream or exhaust
Fox Mini-Eductor
stack through an on-line
Exhaust monitor or analyzer.
Fox
Vacuum Mini-
Fox Typical Application #3 : Adding Concentrates/
Sonic Eductor
Gas Dilution
Choke
Analyzer Fox Mini-Eductor
Fox Mini-Eductors are
Many Vehicle Emmission Labs (VEL's) use Fox eductors to used to create solutions
Motive Mixture
draw samples into their analyzers. Fox chokes are also used with additive or concen-
Water Discharge
to control known sample flow rates into the instrumenta- trates, or when small
tion. amounts of acid or
caustic must be added
to a stream to control

Concentrate
3
Fox Mini-Eductors Driven By... Four Different Sizes of Standard Mini-
Eductors So You Can Match Motive Air /Gas

Air or Other Gasses

Using Compressed Air, N2, H2, you can
Consumption to the Needs of Your Specific
Applications
Three different sizes of standard Fox Mini-Eductors are always
in stock to enable you to obtain, in 1 - 2 days, the right sized
mini-eductor with the lowest motive air consumption that will
still work in your application. They are stocked in 316 ss and
brass.
• Vent/Exhaust /Recirculate Gasses These are identified by Part Number 611210 and a
suffix that matches the motive nozzle orifice size. These are:
• Sample Gasses
• Create Vacuum Fox Part Number Motive Nozzle Orifice Dimension
with No Moving Parts! 611210-093 0.093 inches
611210-060 0.060 inches
611210-030 0.030 inches
Compressed air can therefore be used by a Fox Mini-Eductor to
611210-015 0.015 inches
create vacuum that can be used to pump, sample, recirculate,
vent or mix other gasses.
Approximate dimensions of these off-the-shelf mini-eductors is
Because mini-eductors have no moving parts, they offer the
shown below:
maintenance-free way to sample or exhaust corrosive, explo-
sive, dust-laden, or high-temperature gases.
Metal Mini-Eductors
Below is a table showing what maximum shut-off Suction
vacuum these stock mini-eductors can create. 1/8" MNPT
1" 1-7/8"
What Maximum, Shut-Off Vacuum Can
Fox Mini-Eductors Create?
1-1/2"

Motive Air Pressure:

1/4" MNPT
20 psig 40 psig 60 psig 80 psig 100psig
Eductor: Discharge
1/8" FNPT
Motive
-060 7“Hg 14 22 24 25

-030 4.5“Hg 13 20 23 23

-015 2“Hg 5 8.5 10 15 For more detailed information on how air-driven

ejectors , of any size, can be used in industrial
applications, please obtian Bulletin 251 from our
website or by requesting it via [email protected]

Motive air consumption for the

three most common units are
How Much Air Do They Use?
shown below.
Motive Air Pressure 20 psig 40 psig 60 psig 80 psig 100 psig

P/N 611210-060 1.7 SCFM 2.7 3.7 4.7 5.7

“ -030 0.5 SCFM 0.75 1.0 1.3 1.5

4 “ -015 0.13 SCFM 0.17 0.23 0.30 .35

Performance Curves of Mini-Eductors Driven By
For discharge pressure below 1 psig:

Mini-Eductor : Part No. 611210-060

Air
The performance curves provided here can be used to
estimate the performance of Fox Mini-Eductors when used
with only with air at about 70° F. For any of the following
Suction Air Flow Rate in SCFH; Air at 70° F
conditions, do not use this data: please request technical
Discharge Pressure <1 psig ( SCFM = SCFH/60) assistance from Fox.
Suction Motive Air Pressure: This data cannot be used if:
Pressure: • Air is much hotter /cooler than 70° F
20 psig 40 psig 60 psig 80 psig 100psig
" Hg Vacuum • Any other gas than air is present
0" Hg 150 SCFH 200 200 190 190 • Discharge Tubing is smaller than 1/4"
Air suction flow rate when suction pressure = 0 psig
For discharge pressure s of 5 psig :
5" Hg 50 SCFH 130 165 160 150
10" Hg — 60 120 120 110 Mini-Eductor : P/N 611210-060
15" Hg — — 60 80 75 Suction Air Flow Rate in SCFH; Air at 70° F
20" Hg — — 15 45 50 Discharge Pressure =5 psig
Suction Motive Air Pressure:
Pressure: 20 psig 40 psig 60 psig 80 psig 100psig
Mini-Eductor : Part No. 611210-030 " Hg Vacuum

Suction Air Flow Rate in SCFH; Air at 70° F Part No 611210-060

0" Hg — SCFH 35 150 200 600
Discharge Pressure <1 psig ( SCFM = SCFH/60) 5" Hg — — 100 120 140
Suction Motive Air Pressure:
Pressure:
" Hg Vacuum
20 psig 40 psig 60 psig 80 psig 100psig
For the performance of other Fox Mini-eductors against
discharge pressure, please contact Fox at [email protected]
0" Hg 35 SCFH 50 50 50 50
or call us at 973.328.1011 ext 0.
Air suction flow rate when suction pressure = 0 psig

5" Hg — 30 40 40 40
10" Hg — 10 30 30 30
15" Hg — — 20 24 20 Sucking Water w/Air-Driven Mini-Eductors
20" Hg — — 10 15 10
Motive:
Air
Below is performance of the very smallest Mini-Eductor we
can make: Fox Part No 611210-015. The motive nozzle
Suction: Water
orifice diameter is 0.015" in diameter; motive air should be
well-filtered. This unit is only available in 316 ss
As a general rule, air-driven ejectors are not used to suck
water or liquids because they are very inefficient due to the
low momentum energy available from a very light motive
Mini-Eductor : Part No. 611210-015 fluid, like air. Nevertheless, there are certain applications,
Suction Air Flow Rate in SCFH; Air at 70° F such as draining fuel lines, where the ability to drain a very
Discharge Pressure <1 psig ( SCFM = SCFH/60) small amount of liquid with an air-driven mini-eductor is
very advantageous. Below is data on a -060 Mini-eductor
Suction Motive Air Pressure: driven with air, sucking in water
Pressure:
" Hg Vacuum
20 psig 40 psig 60 psig 80 psig 100psig Fox P/N 611210 -060 Motive Air Pressure:
Suction
0" Hg 10 SCFH 15 18 18 15 30 psig 60 psig 90 psig
Lift, Ft.
Air suction flow rate when suction pressure = 0 psig
0 ft 0.2 GPM 0.3 0.4

5 10 ft — 0.2 0.25
Fox Mini-Eductors Driven By...

Water or Other Liquids

Any liquid at 20 psig or higher can be used to drive a Sucking Air w/Water -Driven Mini-Eductors
Foxmini-eductor to pump or blend other liquids. (They
are not very effective at entraining gasses or air but we do Motive:
offer performance curves ) Because mini-eductors have Water
no moving parts, they represent the maintenance-free way
to pump, dilute, or mix corrosive, caustic, or explosive Suction: Air
fluids. They are frequently used to blend solutions. The
motive flow rate is established as a constant flow rate by Water-driven eductors are often used to entrain air. However,
the eductor nozzle ( assuming a fixed, regulated, nlet the small size of Mini-eductors introduces scaling factors that
pressure.) Suction flow rate, and therefore concentration, make suction air flow rates obtainable with liquid-driven mini-
is controlled with a needle valve on the suction side. eductors rather poor.

Please note that:

a) Suction flow rate cannot be adjusted by changing Motive Water Pressure:
motive flow rate or pressure. Mini
20 psig 40 psig 60 psig 80 psig 100psig
b) If city water is to be used as the motive supply pressure, Model #
a regulator should be installed and set to the
Discharge Pressure = 0 psig
lowest expected pressure.
-060 —SCFH 10 13 20 30 SCFH
-093 —SCFH 30 40 50 60 SCFH
The schematic below shows a typical installation of a Fox Mini-
Eductor used to create a solution with an additive or concen- Discharge Pressure = 2 psig
trate. Note that the motive, or main, flow rate remains fixed, -060 —SCFH 5 8 10 12 SCFH
-093 —SCFH — 15 20 25 SCFH
Fox Mini-
Water Eductor
Supply
Check
Valve
Lift height For more detailed information on how water-
limited to
20 feet
driven ejectors , of any size, can be used in indus-
Needle trial applications, please obtian Bulletin 103 from
Valve our website or by requesting it via
[email protected].
Mixture
Concentrate

while additive flow rate is

adjusted with a needle valve. How Much Water Do They Use?
A check valve is a necessary
safety feature on the additive Motive Pressure: 20 psig 40 psig 60 psig 80 psig 100 psig
feed line.
P/N 611210-093 1.3 GPM 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.5

“ -060 0.7 GPM 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2

6 “ -030 0.15 GPM 0.22 0.25 0.28 0.3

Performance Curves of Mini-Eductors Driven By:
Motive:
Water
Water
Suction: Water Suction Capacity in GPM vs
Suction Lift and Discharge Pres.
The pressures at all three connections on the eductor: Motive Pressure = 80 psig;
motive, suction, and discharge, all have a significant 20
impact on eductor performance. We could, therefore,
publish a very complex set of performance tables com-
611210-060

Discharge Pressure - PSIG

pletely describing eductor operation - for use only with 15
water. However, we think it more effective to publish a Suction Lift
select, limited amount of sizing information and request 0 Ft.
our customers to contact us if your requirements are in 10
any way different from the narrow range of operating 10 Ft.
conditions described in these representative performance
charts. 5
At right, Fig shows how Suction Lift effects flow 20 Ft.
capacity, along with discharge pressure, for P/N 611210-
060 when running at 80 psig. 0
Fig shows how Suction Lift effects flow capacity, 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
along with discharge pressure, for P/N 611210-093 when Suction Capacity - GPM
running at 80 psig. The design of the -093 mini uses
more motive water to enable discharge against signifi-
cant discharge head, or backpressure.
Suction Capacity in GPM vs
Suction Lift and Discharge Pres.
Motive Pressure = 80 psig;
Mini-Eductor : Part No. 611210-030 20
Suction Water Flow Rate in GPM;
611210-093
Suction Lift < 1 ft
Discharge Pressure - PSIG

15
Discharge Motive Water Pressure:
Pressure:
psig 30 psig 60 psig 90 psig
10
0 psig 0.24 0.4 0.5
2 psig --- 0.2 0.4
5
4 psig --- 0.1 0.35 Suction Lift
25 Ft.

20 Ft.

6 psig --- --- 0.23

10 Ft.
15 Ft.

5Ft.

8 psig --- --- 0.1

0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Suction Capacity - GPM

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Gas
GasSampling
Sampling with Fox Mini-Eductors
with Fox Mini-Eductors
Thousands of Fox Mini-eductors are
included as vacuum sources in ana-
lyzer systems each year, including
those manufactured by some of Stack, Duct, Process Gas
largest instrumentation suppliers in
the US and Europe.

Since sample flow rates are usually Sonic Choke or

quite low, the resulting pressure drop Orifice Regulates
(ΔP) through small 1/4" ( 6 mm) Sample Flow Rate
sample lines is usually small enough
to be ignored when selecting a mini-
Into Analyzer
eductor. However, if sample lines
are both small (1/8" or 1/4" ) and
long ( over 60 ft, 20 m) then a calcu- Motive
lation of sample line ΔP must be un-
dertaken. Air, N2, Argon,
or other gasses
Note that eductor discharge lines at 40 - 120 psig
should be 3/8" or larger, unless the
tiny -015 Mini-eductor, which dis-
charges extremely low flow rates, is Different sizes
being used. Installing undersized of Mini-eductors Fox Mini-Eductor pulls
discharge lines on a sampling educ- enable minimizing sample through sample line,
tor can create undue backpressure motive air con- including flow restrictor and
that will degrade eductor perfor- analyzer, and then reinjects
mance. sumption; Lowest
is 1/4 SCFM back into stack, duct, or process
Regulating Sample Flow Rate - gas line.
Fox Sonic Chokes have often been
used to establish fixed, accurate,
repeatable sample flow rates into analyzers for decades. Vehicle
The following are somewhat special sampling applications
Emission Labs were one of the first to use chokes to regulate
where stock Fox Mini-Eductors were modified to provide the
exhaust flow rates into gas analyserzs. Chokes are an ideal way
ideal solution:
to precisely regulate flow rates of high-purity, high-temperature,
explosive, or corrosive gasses.
• High Purity Gasses - Two different Fox mini-eductors are
Request Fox Bulletin 025.
commonly used in semi-conductor plants: a) High-purity
mini-eductor: electropolished with VCR ends, and b) Our
Teflon Mini-eductor, with Viton, Kalrez, or EPDM O-ring. (
Metal Mini-eductors don't have O-rings since they can be
welded together.)
• Ceramic-Lined Mini-Eductors- Used when sampling
abrasive particulates for particle-size analyzers.
• High Temperatures- Mini-eductors can be provided in
high temperature alloys useful to 1600 ° F.
• Corrosives - Materials such as Hastelloy, Inconel, Monel, and
Titanium can be specified.
• Disassembleable - When dealing with particulate-laden
gasses, some systems require that mini-eductors need to
be disassembleable .

Please call or email us with any special sampling requirements.

[email protected]

8
Development and Production of Fox
Mini-Eductors for Use in OEM Equipment
Fox Supplies Thousands of Air and Gas Ejec-
tors to OEM's for Use on a Broad Range of • Building a Prototype
The next step is the custom manufacture of one or more
Industrial Equipment prototypes with an ejector internal design optimized around
Fox has been through the process of taking an initial phone your precise requirements. These are machined in-house at Fox
call or email from a project engineer and taking it through the Valve and can include whatever end connections, materials of
many stages that lead to the supply of optimized production constructions, and special features to make the equipment
mini-eductors for use in OEM equipment such as medical, ideal for incluysion in your system.
instrumentation, aerospace, or gas sampling systems. Fox has
Annual Blanket Orders from many manufacturers for monthly • Production Hardware
releases of mini-eductors in quantities ranging from 4 per This is the final product, typically machined at Fox Valve in our
month to 300/month. Fox excels at this process: there is a CNC lathes. Quantity pricing is significantly lower than the
reason why 'development' is in our company name: highly engineered prototype. Annual blanket orders, where Fox
can schedule a large manufacturing run and ship hardware in
• Quick Supply of First Prototype based monthly releases, maximizes the quantity discount an OEM can
on Stock Ejector for Concept Trial obtain.
Our first goal is to see if the remachining or modification of a
stock mini-eductor can serve as a useful 'proof of concept' or • Testing
test unit to verify that a Fox ejector can come close to meet- Certain OEM customers require testing of each and every part
ing the requirements within your OEM equipment - such as before shipment. This can include hydrotest, leak test, or a
venting gasses, establishing vacuum, purging lines, recirculat- performance test.
ing refrigerants. If the application permits modification of a
stock unit, shipment can occur in one week.

Typical OEM Applications:

On-Line Process Gas or Emissions Sampling Gas Cabinets for Ultra-High Purity
An air-driven mini-eductor is used to pull a sample
Semiconductor Manufacturing Processes
from a process gas stream or exhaust stack through an
on-line monitor or analyzer, which is programmed to Various manufacturers of high-purity Fox
signal dangerous conditions or unexpected gas gas cabinets for micro-chip manufac- Mini-
composition. turing use all 316 stainless or all- Eductors
Teflon Fox mini-eductors to
Gas evacuate and sample the
corrosive and toxic gases that
remain in the piping/tubing
common in this industry -
Analyzer including gallium arsenide and
hydrogen fluoride.
Air
Fox Mini-Eductor

9
Fox Mini-Eductors
Dimensions and Ordering Information
Stainless, Brass, and Other Metals Metal Mini-Eductors
Standard mini-eductors manufactured in brass, 316
Suction
stainless. Other materials are available such as hastelloy, 1/8" MNPT
monel, and other high alloys.
1" 1-7/8"
Fox Part No. 611210. They are available from stock in
brass and 316 ss, in four different internal sizes, which are

1-1/2"
described by their nozzle orifice diameter, in inches: -
015", -030" -060" & -093" . 1/4" MNPT

Use a suffix to denote material of construction: Discharge

1/8" FNPT
Stainless : -ss; Brass - BR, Teflon - TFE Motive
Fox P/N 611210-060-ss is a -060 unit in 316 ss.

Plastic Mini-Eductors

O-ring:
Suction 1/8" FNPT
Teflon, CPVC and Other Plastics Viton, or
Plastic Mini-Eductors are available from stock in TFE and Kalrez 1-1/8" 1-7/8"
CPVC with .060" nozzle size only. Other materials and
sizes per quotation. Nozzle sealed with Viton O-ring.
1/4" MNPT
Motive
1-3/4"

If Larger Eductors are Needed…

Mini-Eductors represent only the very smallest eductors
Discharge
and ejectors that Fox Valve manufactures. Fox stocks a
complete line of air jet ejectors and liquid eductors in line
sizes up to 3", in ss, c.s., and PVC. Larger sizes are
available. Please request additional product information 1/4" FNPT
for these larger ejector/eductors.

To Receive a Quotation:
Request and complete our Application Data Sheet.

Additional Technical Literature

The following materials are available upon request:
Bulletins:
• 103 — Fox Liquid Eductors
• 251 — Air Jet Ejectors
• 203 — Steam Jet Ejectors and Vacuum Systems
• 206 — Ejectors for Natural Gas Vapor Recovery
FOX VALVE
• 271 — Hydrogen Ejectors for Fuel Cells DEVELOPMENT CORP
• 301 — Solids Conveying Venturi Eductors Hamilton Business Park
• 350 — Solids Conveying Eductors used in Food Plants Dover, NJ 07801
• 551 — Plastic-Lined Eductors for Corrosive Applications 973.328.1011
• 025 — Sonic Chokes & Critical Flow Venturies Fax 973.328.3651
email: [email protected]
Web Site: www.foxvalve.com

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