Most Essential Learning Competency

Solve for unknown quantities in equations involving one-dimensional uniformly accelerated motion ,
including free fall motion

Objectives:

1 .Explain the differences of quantities such as tangential velocity, centripetal acceleration, tangential
acceleration, and radius of curvature present in an object in circular motion

2. Use equations in finding position, velocity, and acceleration of objects in circular motion

3. Solve problems involving centripetal acceleration of an object moving in circular path

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Circular Motion

Is it possible to have acceleration when an object is moving in a constant velocity?

The basic quantities in linear motion is also same as in circular motion, the only difference is the
direction circular motion is circular path. These quantities are the radius (r) in circular path of the circle,
the time (t) taken of the object to travel around the circle, velocity (v) and acceleration (a).

Quantities of Circular Motion

1.Tangential Velocity

2.Tangential Acceleration

3.Centripetal Acceleration

4.Radius of Curvature

Knowing that a quantity with both direction and magnitude is called a vector.
An example of vector is velocity, wherein velocity is an example of linear motion where
the rate of change in objects position with respect to time.

--------equation1 (speed along linear motion)

While the direction of the circular motion is the circumference of a circle is two
pie times radius.

-------equation2

Substitute equation 2 and 1

 = ----equation 3 (speed along circular motion)

TANGENTIAL VELOCITY

Tangential velocity is the velocity measured of an object moving along the edge of a circle and
direction is always along with the tangent line of the circle at any given point.

Where

VT = tangential velocity

r = radius

t = time

Because of this understanding, the tangential velocity is related to angular velocity

where;
The tangential velocity is measured by the angular velocity with respect to time and
the radius of the wheel

Where
– change in position
– change in time

– angular velocity
r - radius

Example
Calculate the tangential velocity of a rotating wheel with angular velocity of 32 rad/s
with the wheel diameter of 30 cm.
Given
r = ½ (30cm) = 15 cm or 0.15 m.
= 32 rad/s
Solution

TANGENTIAL ACCELERATION

The object moving in a circle doesn’t have any tangential acceleration

or zero tangential acceleration it means that the object is moving with
a constant velocity. When the object in circular motion changes the
magnitudes and direction of the tangential velocity it resulted
tangential acceleration.

Tangential acceleration is a measure of how the tangential velocity of a point changes

with time. Tangential acceleration is just like linear acceleration, but it’s particular to
the tangential direction. It always acts perpendicular to the centripetal acceleration of
the object moving in a circle.

at = tangential acceleration

dv = change in velocity

dt = change in time

Example:
A certain object accelerates uniformly in a circular path with a speed of 10 m/s to 100
m/s in 25 sec. Calculate the acceleration to tangential.
Given: Required:

– initial time =?

– final time

– initial velocity

– final velocity

Find the time taken

Find the change in velocity

Find tangential acceleration

CENTRIPETAL ACCELERATION

Uniform Circular Motion is the motion of the object in a circle with constant speed and
as it moves in the circle it constantly changing in direction tangent to the path of the
circle in any point. As it continuously changes in direction the velocity vector also
changes and experienced acceleration. This acceleration is called as the centripetal
acceleration, means center seeking.

For any object in uniform circular motion with a velocity in circular path with the
radius, r. the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration is
Where:

ac – centripetal acceleration

v - velocity

r – radius

Example:

A stone swings in a circle of radius 4 m. If its constant speed is 6 m/s, what is the
centripetal acceleration?

v = 6 m/s

r=4m

ac = 9 m/s2

Centripetal Force

Centripetal force is the total force acting on the object in uniform circular motion and
the direction is always towards the center of the rotation.

In Newtons Second Law of Motion, the total force acting on the object causes the
acceleration of mass, . Just like for the uniform circular motion the
acceleration is the centripetal acceleration, a = ac.

In Newtons Second Law of Motion equation

Where

F – force

m – mass

a – acceleration

---------------equation 1

Centripetal acceleration

----------------equation 2

Where:

ac – centripetal acceleration

v - velocity

r – radius

Equate the equation 1 and 2

The magnitude of the centripetal force, Fc = mac

Therefore, the Centripetal force, Fc in terms of tangential

velocity is

Where

Fc – Centripetal Force

m – mass
v – velocity

r – radius

Example:

Calculate the centripetal force exert on a 450 kg jeep taking a turn on a 330 m radius
road at 20 m/s?

Given

mass – 450 kg

radius – 330 m

velocity – 20 m/s

Solution

RADIUS OF CURVATURE

The radius of curvature is defined as the radius of the approximate circle at a

particular point. It is the length of the curvature vector. As the curve moves, the
radius changes. It is denoted by r.

Equation:

rc = radius of curvature

m = mass

v = velocity
F = lateral gripping force

Example

The minimum lift to a 900 kg helicopter is 9,000 N. if the helicopter travels at 110
m/s, calculate the possible radius of curvature.

Use the centripetal force equation . Rearranging, we find that radius of

curvature, . Substitute the value minimum helicopter lift;

Solve it. Show your solution.

1. What is the tangential acceleration of the object if it accelerates uniformly in

circular motion with changes in velocity of 80 m/s an in the total changes of
time of 25 seconds?

2. The ball is tied to a string to whirl it having a radius of 50 cm at a velocity of 1.2

m/s. What will be the acceleration of the ball?

3. What is the acceleration of the bicycle if the velocity is 1.5 m/s in a circular
path with the radius of 75 meters?
 4. A jeepney follows a circular road with a radius of 300 meters at a speed of 30
m/s. What is the magnitude of the jeepney’s acceleration?

5. A 450 kg jeep taking a turn on a 350 m radius road at 22 m/s. Calculate the
centripetal force exerted on the jeep.

Answer

1. 3.2 m/s2
2. 2.8 m/s2
3. 5.88 m/s2
4. 3 m/s2
5. 622.29 kg·m/s2

References:
Adapted from Arce, L. 2020. General Physics 1. Senior High School ADM. URL cannot
be found. Downloaded in a while.

Dinglasan, M.etal. (2017) General Phyics 1.Mutya Publishing House Inc. Malabon City.

Santos, Nonato (2019) General Physics 1.Rex Book Store. Manila

General Physics 1 for Senior High School by Helen E. Caintic, PhD

Uniform circular motion retrieved from

https://cnx.org/contents/[email protected]:69qXBa7I@12/6-2-Uniform-Circular-
Motion

Tangential Velocity retrieved from

https://www.softschools.com/formulas/physics/tangential_velocity_formula/25/

What Are Some Examples of Linear Motion? (n.d.). Retrieved August 15, 2019, from
https://www.reference.com/science/examples-linear-motion-b531828c4404fe99
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Circular_motion_velocity_and_acceleration
2.svg

The Physics of Swinging a Mass on a String for Fun. (2018, May 9). Retrieved August
15, 2019, from https://www.wired.com/story/the-physics-of-swinging-a-mass-on-a-
string-for-fun/amp