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Overview of Aircraft Maintenance

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 Maintenance (https://www.aviationhunt.com/category/maintenance/) -
 September 5, 2020

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The aircraft cannot fly with faults, it must be fixed before takeoff. You may think that
this is such a complex and time-consuming task, but let me tell you that with the help Continuing Airworthiness of Aircraft
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of easy and simple regulation it does not create any burden for the engineer. All faults
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Maintenance Definition
Maintenance Documents Aircraft Tyre Inspection and Care
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Independent inspection
Re-inspection How autopilot controls the aircraft
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Maintenance can be defined in a number of ways, Aircraft Maintenance includes so Aviation Hydraulic Fluid
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The performance of tasks on an aircraft, engine, propeller, or associated part required
to ensure the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft, engine, propeller, or associated
part including any one or combination of overhaul, inspection, replacement, defect Tags

rectification, and the embodiment of a modification or repair.

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Modification – Modification means, A change to the type design of an aircraft,
INSPECTION AND CARE
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AND-CARE/)
Repair – Repair means, The restoration of an aircraft, engine, propeller, or associated
part to an airworthy condition, in accordance with the appropriate airworthiness MOTIVATION
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requirements, after it has been damaged or subjected to wear.
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According to Part-M, Aircraft Maintenance doesn’t include pre-flight inspections. Pre-

flight inspection is a type of inspection carried out before flight to ensure that the
aircraft is fit for the intended flight.

Documents used for Aircraft Maintenance

Documents used for Aircraft Maintenance is a part of instructions for continued

airworthiness (https://www.aviationhunt.com/aircraft-continuing-airworthiness/). The
following documents are used to maintain the airworthiness of aircraft.

AMM (Aircraft Maintenance Manual) –

IPC (Illustrated parts catalog) –
TSM (Trouble Shooting Manual) –
SRM (Structure Repair Manual) –
AWM (Aircraft Wiring Manual) –
ASM (Aircraft Schematic Manual) –
CMM (Component Maintenance Manual) –

Maintenance of Aircraft is intended to keep the aircraft airworthy. Aircraft maintenance

activity is divided into two categories i.e. line maintenance and base maintenance.

What is Line Maintenance

According to EASA Part 145, Line maintenance is any maintenance that is carried out
before flight to ensure that the aircraft is fit for the intended flight.

What types of activities included in Line Maintenance

Line Maintenance activities include the troubleshooting, defect rectification,

component replacement with the use of external test equipment if required. Line
Maintenance also includes the replacement of components such as engines and
propellers.

Scheduled maintenance checks are part of line maintenance. It also includes visual
inspections that will detect obvious unsatisfactory conditions/discrepancies but do not
require extensive in-depth inspection. Inspection of structure, systems, and power
plant items are through quick opening access panels/doors that are allowed during
line maintenance. 
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Minor repairs and modifications can be done during line maintenance which does not
require extensive disassembly. This can be accomplished by simple means.

What is Base Maintenance

Maintenance tasks falling outside the criteria of line maintenance are considered as
Base Maintenance.

Maintenance Certification

Certification of maintenance can be done by an appropriately qualified and authorized

person in an organization.

The maintenance certificate is a maintenance release document which contains a

certification confirming that the maintenance work to which it relates has been
completed in a satisfactory manner in accordance with appropriate airworthiness
requirements.

Certificate of Release to Service (CRS)

No aircraft can be released to service without a certificate of release to service (CRS)
issued by a certifying engineer on behalf of the Maintenance Organisation, on
completion of any maintenance work.

Authorized Release Certificate (CA Form 1)

CA form 1 declare the airworthiness of maintenance work undertaken on products,
parts, and appliances.
Equivalent to a CA Form 1 may be EASA Form ONE and FAA Form 8130-3.
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Error Capturing Method

Error-capturing methods are those actions defined by the organization to detect

maintenance errors made when performing maintenance.

Error capturing methods need to be adequate for the specific task and the disturbance
of the system.

A combination of several actions (visual inspection, operational check, functional test,

rigging check) may be necessary in some cases. In that condition, the Error-capturing
method should always be implemented to avoid errors during maintenance.

An error capturing method is implemented after the performance of any critical

maintenance task.

Critical Maintenance Tasks

Tasks that may affect the control of the aircraft flight path and attitudes, such as
installation, rigging, and adjustments of flight controls;
Aircraft stability control systems (autopilot, fuel transfer);
Tasks that may affect the propulsive force of the aircraft, including installation of
aircraft engines, propellers, and rotors; and
Overhaul, calibration, or rigging of engines, propellers, transmissions, and
gearboxes.

Critical tasks shall be highlighted in the Check Schedules and work orders, as follows;
“Critical Task”.

Independent inspection

Independent inspection is one possible error-capturing method. An independent

inspection should ensure correct assembly, locking, and a sense of operation.

An independent inspection is an inspection performed by an ‘independent qualified

person’ of a task carried out by an ‘authorized person’.

The ‘independent qualified person’ does not issue a certificate of release to service,
therefore they are not required to hold certification privileges.

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What to do in unforeseen cases when only one person is available. In such a
condition reinspection must be carried out.

Re-inspection

A reinspection is an error-capturing method subject to the same conditions as an

independent inspection is, except that the ‘authorized person’ performing the
maintenance task is also acting as an ‘independent qualified person’ and performs the
inspection.

Reinspection, as an error-capturing method, should only be performed in unforeseen

circumstances when only one person is available to carry out the task and perform the
independent inspection.

The certificate of release to service is issued after the task has been performed by the
‘authorized person’ and the reinspection has been carried out satisfactorily.

When we talk about the continuing airworthiness of aircraft, the first thing that comes
in our mind is the maintenance of aircraft. However appropriate maintenance of
aircraft is not possible without Approved Aircraft Maintenance Program.

Aircraft Maintenance Program (AMP)

AMP is aircraft specific and this document is the basis for airworthiness management.
An approved aircraft maintenance program is a list of all maintenance tasks and
inspections that are required to be performed by an aircraft maintenance engineer
(certifying staff) on an aircraft at a given interval. The intervals quoted in units of flight
hours, flight cycles, or calendar time.

Maintenance of each aircraft shall be organized in accordance with an aircraft

maintenance program.

Each AMP and its revision needs to be approved by the competent aviation authority.


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An owner or operator’s aircraft maintenance program is normally based upon the
maintenance review board (MRB) report, the maintenance planning document (MPD),
the relevant chapters of the maintenance manual, or any other maintenance data
containing information on scheduling. Furthermore, an owner or operator’s
maintenance program also takes into account any maintenance data containing
information on scheduling for components.

Source Documents for Aircraft Maintenance Program

1. Manufacturer’s Maintenance Planning Document (MPD)

2. Maintenance Review Board Reports (MRBR)
3. Airworthiness Limitation Sections (ALS)
4. Relevant chapters of the maintenance manual (ATA 05) or any other maintenance
data containing information on scheduling.
5. Any additional requirements as specified by the competent authority
(DGCA/EASA/FAA).
6. Continuing airworthiness documents issued by the manufacturer, such as
SBs/AOTs, etc.
7. ICAs (Instructions for Continuing Airworthiness) or other maintenance-related
documents issued by STC holder / Design Approval Holders / Component OEMs.
8. Operator requirements including recommendations of reliability program, Delay /
Defect / Incident Investigation.
9. EDTO CMP Documents.

The design and application of the AMP shall observe human factors principles
wherever applicable.

The maintenance program shall also include continuing structural integrity program,
condition monitoring, and reliability program as applicable for the fleet aircraft.

The purpose of a reliability program is to ensure that the aircraft maintenance

program tasks are effective and their periodicity is adequate.

The program is event-driven and allows for the early detection and correction of
problems before they become a potential fleet and safety issue.

The Reliability Program is an integral part of the Approved Maintenance Program.


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The AMP shall be reviewed by the CAM, verified by QM, and submitted to the office of
civil aviation authority of the state for approval.

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AMP composition – The AMP shall contain the following sections:

Section 1 – General Introduction.

Section 2 – Schedule Maintenance Checks
Section 3 – CAA Requirements.
Section 4 – COSL & LLP
Section 5 – Reliability Control Program
Section 6 – Maintenance Inspection Programme
Section 7 – Out Of Phase Tasks
Section 8 – Maintenance Inspection Schedules.

MEL (Minimum Equipment List)

Minimum Equipment List (including the preamble), is an approved document by the

state of registry of aircraft, which authorizes to dispatch an aircraft with aircraft
equipment inoperative under the conditions specified therein. MEL also complies with
EDTO CMP Requirements.

An operator uses the latest applicable MMEL provisions released by the Type
Certificate Holder.

CDL (Configuration Deviation List)

Configuration Deviation List (CDL) is a part of the Airplane Flight Manual. Always
follow current and approved AFM.

The operation of the aircraft without certain secondary airframe and engine parts is
possible as indicated in the Master Configuration Deviation List of the Flight Manual.

Whenever any part of the aircraft is found cracked and the same can go under CDL,
then the certifying engineer must ensure that the cracked part is completely removed
and the CDL guideline followed.

NOGO items

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All items related to the airworthiness of the aircraft and not included in the MEL or
CDL are automatically required to be operative.

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 February 9, 2019

 THIS POST HAS ONE COMMENT

Jesse Ford 2 7 J U N 2 02 0 REP LY

I like how you mentioned that planes cannot operate if there are any
faults and they all must be fixed before takeoff. The owner of the farm
I work on is thinking of looking for an aircraft engine overhaul shop
because he noticed the other day that the motor on his cropduster
made a strange sound when he started it up. It seems like a good idea
for the farm owner to think about hiring a reputable specialist to fix his
aircraft so we can spray down the crops to make them as healthy as
possible. 
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component you should always refer to the relevant aircraft maintenance manual or component manufacturer’s manual.
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