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AS3600 CONCRETE RING WALL & FOOTING DESIGN FOR API650 TANKS

Calculation description
This calculation is to design the reinforced concrete ring beam foundation for storage tank.

Assumptions
1. Design is based on ultimate limit states methods.
2. The tank storage design loads are based on API620 and API 650 design codes, where as the reinforcement concrete
design is based on AS3600 Australian code.
3. The loads input are based on the output from standard calculation for Tank Footing Design Actions and Anchorage
Design.

References
1. AS3600-2009, Concrete Structures, Standards Australia
2. API620-2008, Design and Cosntruction of Large, Welded, Low-pressure Storage Tanks, American Petroleum
Institute
3. API650-2007, Welded Tanks for Oil Storage, American Petroleum Institute
4. For Dead load, Live load, Material load, Seismic load & wind load refer: Load calacultions

Input data
Tank geometry
Htank := 20.08m Tank height

Hl := 20.08m Height of liquid

kN
γcontent := 16.6 Density of tank contents As per input shared vid mail
3
m

mFL := 43170kg Mass of tank floor plate

dtank := 16.74m Diameter of tank

Footing geometry
tgslab := 0mm Grade slab thickness

bw := 1m Width of ring wall

TOW := 2.13m Top of Wall

FFL := 0.00m 0.00 m corresponds 293.370 LVL

TOF := -1m Top of foundation

BOF := -1.5m Bottom of foundation

Dring := 3.13m Depth of ring wall till foundation top

dfnd := TOF - BOF

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dfnd = 0.5 m Assumed foundation thickness

dsoil := TOW - TOF - tgslab

dsoil = 3.13 m Assumed sand filling inside the ring wall

lpro := .5m Projection beyond the outer edge of ring wall

scb := 90mm Bolt center distance from face of shell plate & edge of floor plate

Proposed reinforcement
1) Ringwall reinforcement
dsc := 50mm Concrete cover

sb := 200mm Top bar spacing

dbc := 20mm Top bar size

st := 200mm Bottom bar spacing

dbt := 20mm Bottom bar size

ssf := 150mm Side face bar spacing

dsf := 32mm Side face bar size

2) Foundation reinforcement

Cc := 70mm Clear Cover

Refer std. dwg. no 662NSC0001-0010-DR-ST-0001 Rev0
db := 20mm Bar Dia Assumed

sbar := 200mm Spacing of bar

Reinforcement steel properties

fsy := 500MPa Yield strength of reinforcement steel

3 N Modulus of elasticity of Steel grade Fe 500, as per

Es := 200 ´ 10 AS3600:2018, Cl.3.2.2
2
mm

Soil properties
μ := 0.4 Coefficient of friction for concrete on soil

qap := 2000kPa Allowable soil pressure - Permanent Loading Considering 25% increase for
WL/SL load case
qas := 2000kPa Allowable soil pressure - Short term Loading

kN
γs := 19 Soil Density
3
m

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ϕsoil := 27deg Internal angle of friction / cohesion

Concrete properties
As per
design kN
criteria ρc := 24 Concrete Density [AS3600, Cl 3.1.3]
3
m

fc := 32MPa Concrete Strength

N Modulus of elasticity of concrete grade M-25, as per

Ec := 26700 AS3600:2018, table 3.1.2
2
mm

ε max_concrete := 0.003 Maximum compressive strain concrete, as per As3600:2018 cl

8.1.2(d)

Working loads
The below working loads input data should be obtaned from the standard calculation for Tank Foundation Design
Actions.

LFcr := 1.0 Approximate serviceability load factor

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Gravity loads
DLtank := 4093kN Tank dead load

DLroof := 1534kN Addionional weight at roof

DLcontent := 71900kN Content dead load

Seismic moments
FEQ := 4752kN Earthquake lateral load

XEQ := 8.82m Effective centre of action for earthquake loads from tank base

Wind moments
FWL := 824kN Wind Lateral load on shell

MWLr_Y := 0kN × m Total moment about A due to WL due to roof uplift

MWLr_X := 0kN × m Total moment about B due to WL due to roof uplift

Calculations
Tank Wall & Foundation design properties

dtank
rtank := Radius of tank rtank = 8.37 m
2

π 2 2
Atank := × dtank Area of the tank Atank = 220.09 m
4

Boltcd := 2 × (rtank + scb) Bolt Center distance Boltcd = 16.92 m

dring_o := Boltcd + bw Outer diameter of ring wall dring_o = 17.92 m

dring_i := Boltcd - bw Inner diameter of ring wall dring_i = 15.92 m

dring_o
rring_o := Outer radius of ring wall rring_o = 8.96 m
2

2
Ag := bw × Dring Gross cross sectional area of ring wall Ag = 3.13 × m

Aring :=
π
4
( 2
× dring_o - dring_i
2
) Area of ring wall Aring = 53.16 m
2

dmat_o := dring_o + 2 × l pro dmat_o = 18.92 m

Outer diameter of ring foundation

dmat_i := dring_i - 2 × lpro dmat_i = 14.92 m

Inner diameter of ring foundation

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dmat := bw + 2 × l pro Cross sectional widht of ring foundation dmat = 2 m

Amat :=
π
4
( 2
× dmat_o - dmat_i
2
) Area of ring foundation Amat = 106.31 m
2

Ixx :=
π
64
(
× dmat_o - dmat_i
4 4
) Moment of Inertia of the ring foundation Ixx = 3857.6 × m
4

I xx 3
Zxx := Section modulus of ring foundation Zxx = 407.78 × m
æ dmat_o ö
ç ÷
è 2 ø
Gravity loads
Neglecting the
DLfound := Amat × dfnd × ρc + Aring × Dring × ρc Foundation dead load DLfound = 5268.8 × kN
load

DLsoil := éπ ( 2 2ù
)
ê 4 × dring_i - dmat_i ú × dsoil × γs Total sand fill load DLsoil = 1440.46 × kN
ë û
π 2
DLslab := × dring_i × t gslab × ρc
4 Total grade slab load DLslab = 0 × kN

4
DLtot := DLtank + DLfound ... Total gravity loads DLtot = 8.42 ´ 10 × kN
+ DLroof ...
+ DLcontent + DLsoil + DLslab

Seismic moments
4
MEQ_AB := FEQ × (XEQ + Dring) Moment about A or B due MEQ_AB = 5.68 ´ 10 × kN × m
to earthquake lateral load
Wind moments
æ Htank ö 4
MWL_A := FWL × ç + Dring÷ ... Total moment about A due to WL MWL_A = 1.09 ´ 10 × kN×
è 2 ø
+ MWLr_Y

æ Htank ö 4
MWL_B := FWL × ç + Dring÷ ... Total moment about B due to WL MWL_B = 1.09 ´ 10 × kN×
è 2 ø
+ M WLr_X

CFWL := 1.5 Conversion factor from working stress design

to limit state design {AS1170.2 C3.2}

Bearing pressure check

DLtot Soil pressure due to gravity loads only

qG := with contents qG = 792.35 × kPa
A mat

(DLtot - DLcontent) Soil pressure due to gravity loads only

qGnc := without contents qGnc = 116.04 × kPa
Amat

Bearing pressure due to seismic loads with contents

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MEQ_AB
qEQ := Soil pressure due to seismic loads qEQ = 139.26 × kPa
Zxx

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qEQ_max := qG + qEQ Maximum soil pressure (Gravity + content + qEQ_max = 931.61 × kPa
Seismic)
qEQ_min := qG - qEQ Minimum soil pressure (Gravity + content - qEQ_min = 653.1 × kPa
Seismic)

Bearing pressure due to wind loads with contents

M WL_B
qWL := Soil pressure due to wind loads qWL = 26.61 × kPa
Zxx

qWL_max := qG + qWL Maximum soil pressure (Gravity+Contents+Wind) qWL_max = 818.97 × kPa

qWL_min := qG - qWL Minimum soil pressure (Gravity +Contents - Wind) qWL_min = 765.74 × kPa

Bearing pressure due to wind loads without contents

qWLnc_max := qGnc + qWL Maximum soil pressure (Gravity - Contents+Wind) qWLnc_max = 142.65 × kPa

qWLnc_min := qGnc - qWL Minimum soil pressure (Gravity - Contents - Wind) qWLnc_min = 89.43 × kPa

Overall bearing pressure check

qEQ_WL_max := max ( qWLnc_max , qEQ_max , qWL_max) Maximum soil pressure due to qEQ_WL_max = 931.61 × kPa
gravity loads and wind or/and
seismic loads

qEQ_WL_min := min (qWLnc_min , qEQ_min , qWL_min) Minimum soil pressure due to qEQ_WL_min = 89.43 × kPa
gravity loads and wind or/and
seismic loads

æ qG qEQ_WL_max ö
DesRatiob := max ç , ÷ Unity ratio of soil bearing pressure DesRatiob = 0.47
è qap qas ø

Checkb := if ( DesRatiob £ 1 Ù qEQ_WL_min ³ 0 , "PASS" , "FAIL" ) Checkb = "PASS"

Stability calculations
-Worst case for overturning is wind load acting on an empty tank
-Stability check in accordance with AS1170 as follows, taking moment about A

Overrturning moment
4
Mo := M WL_A Overturning moment Mo = 1.09 ´ 10 × kN × m

dring_o 5
Ms := × æ DLtank + DLfound ... ö Stabilising moment Ms = 7.28 ´ 10 × kN × m
2 ç + DL ÷
è content ø
Ms
SFM := Safety factor of stability - Overturning Moment SFM = 67.09
Mo

2
DesRatioM := Unity ratio of stability - Overturning Moment DesRatioM = 0.03
SFM

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CheckM := if (DesRatio M < 1 , "PASS" , "FAIL" ) CheckM = "PASS"

Sliding
4
Ff_WL := μ × æ DLtank + DLfound ... ö Friction due to dead load Ff_WL = 3.25 ´ 10 × kN
ç + DL ÷
è content ø
Ff_WL
SFs_WL := Safety factor of footing sliding due to wind load SFs_WL = 39.45
FWL

2
DesRatios_WL := Unity ratio of sliding resistance due to wind loads DesRatios_WL = 0.05
SFs_WL

4
Ff_EQ := μ × ( DLtot - DLroof) Friction due to dead load and contents Ff_EQ = 3.31 ´ 10 × kN

Ff_EQ
SFs_EQ := Safety factor of footing sliding due to seismic load SFs_EQ = 6.96
FEQ

2
DesRatios_EQ := Unity ratio of sliding resistance due to seismic loads DesRatios_EQ = 0.29
SFs_EQ

DesRatios := max ( DesRatios_WL , DesRatios_EQ) Unity ratio of overall DesRatios = 0.29

sliding resistance

Checks := if ( DesRatios < 1 , "PASS" , "FAIL" ) Checks = "PASS"

Reinforcement design for Foundation for Design Loads

εmax_concrete
kuo := Limiting ratio for neutral axis
f sy
εmax_concrete +
Es

kuo = 0.55

ku_duc_limit := 0.25
As per AS 3600 cl no 14.4.6

ϕs := 0.85 Stress reduction factor for steel as per AS 3600 Table 2.2.3

13 × kuo 13 × kuo
ϕc := 1.24 - if 0.65 £ 1.24 - £ 0.85
12 12
13× kuo Stress reduction factor for concrete as per AS 3600
0.65 if 1.24 - < 0.65
12 Table 2.2.3 with no axial tension/compression & N class
reinforcement
13× kuo
0.85 if 1.24 - > 0.85
12

ϕc = 0.65

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ϕshear := 0.7 Reduction factor for concrete shear

fca := fc × ϕc

N
fca = 20.8 ×
2
mm

fya := fsy × ϕs

N
fya = 425 ×
2
mm

αb := 0.2

Strength Calculation
Moment at the face of ringwall

dmat bw Cantilever projection from the face of ringwall to the

scan := - edge of foundation
2 2

scan = 0.5 m

pdes := qEQ_WL_max Maximum soil pressure due to

gravity loads and wind or/and
seismic loads
kN
pdes = 931.61 ×
2
m
wunit := 1m Unit Width

Moment per unit width of foundation

2
scan
Muf := pdes× × wunit
2

Muf = 116.45 × kN × m

ϕ := 1.5
Strength Design factor, taken conservatively.
Mu_des := ϕ × Muf

Mu_des = 174.68 × kN × m Ultimate design moment

æ mm
2 ö AS 3600 Cl 8.1.3
ç
γ := max 0.97 - 0.0025 × fc × , 0.67÷
è N ø
γ = 0.89

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æ mm
2 ö
α2 := max ç 0.85 - 0.0015 × f c × , 0.67÷ AS 3600 Cl 8.1.3
è N ø
α2 = 0.802

db
d := ( TOF - BOF) - C c -
2

d = 420 × mm Effective depth of foundation

fca é æ 2 × M u_des ö÷úù

pt := × êα2 × ç 1 - 1-
fya ê ç α2 × d × wunit × f ca ÷øúû
2
ë è

pt = 0.24 × %

Ast_req := pt × wunit × d Required area of steel for unit width

2
Ast_req = 1009.5 × mm

2
π × db æ wunit ö
Ast_pro := ×ç ÷ Steel provided
4 è sbar ø
2
Ast_pro = 1571 × mm

Ast_req
Ratioe :=
Ast_pro

Ratioe = 0.64

N Characteristic flexural strength of concrete as per AS 3600

f'ct_f := 0.6 × f c × Cl 3.1.1.3
2
mm

N
f'ct_f = 3.39 ×
2
mm
é é ( TOF - BOF) ù 2 f'ct_fù
Ast_min := êαb × ê ú × f ú × wunit × d AS 3600 Cl 8.1.6.1
ë ë d û sy û

2
Ast_min = 808.12 × mm

Reinforcement_foundation := "R/F Adequate" if Ratioe < 1 Ù Ast_min < Ast_pro

"R/F Not Adequate" otherwise

Reinforcement_foundation = "R/F Adequate"

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Check for ductility bahiviour

Ast_pro × fsy
ku :=
α2 × γ × fc × wunit × d

ku = 0.08

ε max_concrete
ε rinf := × ( d - d × ku)
d × ku

ε rinf = 0.03

Ductility_foundation := "Section is Ductile" if ku < ku_duc_limit

f sy
"Section is Tension Controlled" if ε rinf > ε max_concrete +
Es

Ductility_foundation = "Section is Tension Controlled"

Moment capacity M*
æ γ × ku × d ö
Mdesign := ( Ast_pro × ϕs × f sy) × ç d - ÷
è 2 ø
Mdesign = 270.17 × kN × m

Shear check

One way shear: This check is done at a distance of d from the face of ringwall

dmat - bw Distance of shear plane from the edge of ringwall

sshear := -d
2

sshear = 0.08 m

Vu := pdes × sshear × wunit

Vu = 74.53 × kN

Vu_des := ϕ × Vu

Vu_des = 111.8 × kN Ultimate Shear force

Vu_des
τdes :=
d × wunit

N Design shear stress

τdes = 0.27 ×
2
mm

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bv := 1000mm Effective width of a web for shear Cl 8.2.1.5 AS 3600

dv := max [ 0.72 × ( TOF - BOF) , 0.9 × d] Effective shear depth Cl 8.2.1.9 AS 3600

dv = 378 × mm

200
kv := Simplified menthod as per AS 3600 cl 8.2.4.3
dv
1000 + 1.3 ×
mm

kv = 0.134

N
Vuc := ϕshear × kv × bv × dv f c ×
2
mm

Vuc = 200.72 × kN

Vu_des
Ratiog :=
V uc

Ratiog = 0.56

Shearow_foundation := if ( Ratiog < 1 , "OKAY IN SHEAR" , "NOT OKAY" ) = "OKAY IN SHEAR"

Reinforcement design for Ring Wall for Ultimate actions

The ring beam is assumed to be rigid with the tank, hence it will not attract any bending or shear.

Lateral earth pressure on inside face

1. API650 Cl B.4.2.3 suggests the lateral earth pressure should be a minimum of 50% of the vertical pressure in
the absence of a substantiated geotechnical analysis.
2. Passive earth resistance is neglected due to the likelihood of soil not existing on the outside face, and to be
conservative.

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Ko := 1 - sin (ϕsoil) Ko = 0.55

mFL × g
psu := Hl × γcontent + Surcharge pressure due to tank contents and floor plate psu = 335.25 × kPa
Atank

pmin_ring := Ko × psu Minimum earth pressure at the top of the ring beam pmin_ring = 183.05 × kPa

pmax_ring := pmin_ring + Ko× γs × Dring Maximum earth pressure at the bottom of the pmax_ring = 215.52 × kPa
ring beam
kN
Ptot := pmin_ring × Dring + ( pmax_ring - pmin_ring) × Ko × Dring Total force per unit length Ptot = 628.44 ×
m

LFEQ_p := 1.5 Load factor for ultimate earth pressure

kN
P := Ptot × LFEQ_p Factored ultimate earth pressure load P = 942.66 ×
m

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Hoop tension in ring beam

P kN
q := Lateral earth pressure on inside face per unit area q = 301.17 ×
Dring 2
m
q × rtank
σ2 := Hoop tensile stress on the ring beam σ2 = 2.52 × MPa
bw

Nul := σ2 × Dring × bw Ultimate hoop tension in ring beam Nul = 7890.09 × kN

Section capacities for ring wall foundation

1m

k ud

d T

Proposed reinforcement properties

π 2 æ bw - 2 × dsc ö 2
Asc := dbc × ç 1 + ÷* Cross-sectional area of top reinforcement Asc = 1727.88 × mm
4 è s t ø
π 2æ bw - 2 × dsc ö 2
Ast := dbt ç1 + ÷* Cross-sectional area of bottom reinforcement Ast = 1727.88 × mm
4 è s t ø
π 2æ Dring - 2 × dsc ö 4 2
Asf := dsf ç1 + ÷* Cross-sectional area of side face reinforcement Asf = 1.71 ´ 10 × mm
4 è s sf ø
4 2
As := Asc + Ast + 2 × Asf Total steel reinforcement As = 3.76 ´ 10 × mm

Ultimate hoop tension strength

4
Nu := f sy × As Ultimate tension strength Nu = 1.88 ´ 10 × kN

4
ϕt := 0.8 Factored tension strength ϕt × Nu = 1.5 ´ 10 × kN

Minimum bending strength

dbt
d_ring := Dring - dsc - Depth to tension reinforcement d_ring = 3070 × mm
2

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fc
f'ctf := 0.6 MPa Characteristic flexural tensile strength of the concrete f'ctf = 3.39 × MPa
MPa

2
æ Dring ö æ f'ctf ö 2
Ast_min_ring := αb ç ÷ × ç ÷ × bw × d Minimum area of tension reinforcement Ast_min = 808.12 × mm
è d_ring ø è fsy ø

Shear stregnth
Distance from extreme compressive fibre to
do := d_ring the centroid of the steel reinforcements. do = 3070 × mm

é æ do ö ù
β1 := max ê1.1 × ç 1.6 - ÷ , 1.1ú β1 = 1.1
ë è 1000mm ø û
3 2
10 × Nul m
β2 := 1 - × for member subject to axial tension β2 = 0.28
6 kN
3.5 × Ag × 10

β3 := 1

éê 1
úù
3
êæ f c ö ú Concrete shear strength
fcv_ring := minêç ÷ MPa , 4MPaú fcv_ring = 3.17 × MPa
ëè MPa ø û

bv_ring := bw Effective width of the web bv_ring = 1 m

1
3
æ A st ö
Vuc_ring := β1 × β2× β3 × bv_ring × do × f cv_ring × ç ÷ Ultimate shear strength Vuc_ring = 247.65 × kN
è bv_ring × do ø

ϕs := 0.7 Factored Shear strength ϕshear × Vuc_ring = 173.36 × kN

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Concrete footing capacity check

Tension strength capacity

éé Nul ù æ Ast_min_ring öù
DesRatiocap := max êê ú,ç ÷ú Unity ratio of strength DesRatiocap = 0.53
ëë (ϕt × Nu) û è Ast + Asf øû

Checkcap := if ( DesRatiocap £ 1 , "PASS" , "FAIL" ) Checkcap = "PASS"

Crack control for shrinkage and temperature effects

Nul Serviceability hoop tension

Ncr := Ncr = 7890.09 × kN
LFcr

Ncr Stress due to tension

σscr := σscr = 210.09 × MPa
As
Largest nominal diametter
db_ring := dbt of the reinforcement bars db = 20 × mm

æ db_ring ö
σscr_max := -173 × ln ç ÷ MPa + 760MPa Maximum steel stress in bars σscr_max = 241.74 × MPa
è mm ø

σscr
DesRatiocrack := Unity ratio for stress in reinforcement bars DesRatiocrack = 0.87
σscr_max

Checkcrack := if ( DesRatiocrack £ 1 , "PASS" , "FAIL" ) Checkcrack = "PASS"

Overall concrete capacity

DesRatioc := max ( DesRatiocrack , DesRatiocap) Max design unity ratio DesRatioc = 0.87

Checkc := if ( DesRatioc £ 1 , "PASS" , "FAIL" ) Checkc = "PASS"

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Results summary

Failure mechanisms summary

Failure mechanisms matrix
æ "Maximum bearing Pressure" Checkb DesRatiob ö
ç ÷
ç "Overturning Moment" Check M DesRatioM ÷
ç "Sliding Resistance" Checks DesRatios ÷
ç ÷
FailureMechs := ç "Concrete Capacity" Checkc DesRatioc ÷
*
ç "Reinforecement_foundation" Reinforcement_foundation Ratioe ÷
ç ÷
ç "Ductility_foundation" Ductility_foundation ku ÷
ç ÷
è "One-way Shear_foundation" Shearow_foundation Ratiog ø

(
MaxDesRatio := max FailureMechs
á 2ñ
)
OverallCheck := if ( MaxDesRatio £ 1 , "PASS" , "FAIL" )

( (
CritIndex := trunc match MaxDesRatio , FailureMechs
á 2ñ
0 ) )
CritFailureMech := FailureMechsCritIndex , 0

Failure mechanisms matrix

The following matrix provides a summary of all failure mechanisms for the currently selected load case.

æ "Maximum bearing Pressure" "PASS" 0.47 ö

ç ÷
ç "Overturning Moment" "PASS" 0.03 ÷
ç "Sliding Resistance" "PASS" 0.29 ÷
FailureMechs = ç "Concrete Capacity" "PASS" 0.87 ÷
ç ÷
ç "Reinforecement_foundation" "R/F Adequate" 0.64 ÷
ç "Ductility_foundation" "Section is Tension Controlled" 0.08 ÷
ç "One-way Shear_foundation" ÷
è "OKAY IN SHEAR" 0.56 ø

Details of the critical failure mechanism are as follows:

MaxDesRatio = 0.87

OverallCheck = "PASS"

CritFailureMech = "Concrete Capacity"

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