Electrical Concepts: Gapless Zinc Oxide Lightening / Surge Arrestor
Electrical Concepts: Gapless Zinc Oxide Lightening / Surge Arrestor
Zinc Oxide Lightening / Surge Arrestor | Electrical Concepts
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Gapless Zinc Oxide Lightening
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Figure below shows the values of overvoltage which can be
reached without the use of arrester in per units.
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The time axis is divided into the range of lightning overvoltage in
microsecond, switching overvoltage in millisecond and
temporary overvoltage in second. In the lightning overvoltage
and switching overvoltage range, the magnitude of overvoltage
can reach several per unit if the system is without arrester
protection. Arrester could limit overvoltage below withstand
voltage of equipment. This phenomenon clearly shows the
importance of arresters for lightning overvoltage protection.
Construction of Zinc Oxide Surge / Lightening Arrester:
The construction of ZnO Lightening Arresters is very simple.
They consist of an insulating housing which is made of porcelain
and the inner column is made of the ZnO blocks as shown in
Figure below.
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ZnO block provide the Voltage Current nonlinear
characteristics which serves the main purpose for the protection
from overvoltage. Thus we can say that ZnO block has nonliner
resistivity.
Voltage Current Characteristics of Zno Block:
Figure below shows the VI characteristics of ZnO element
which are divided into three regions, being low current region
(A), operating region (B) and high current region (C).
The non linear resistance characteristics of ZnO block can be
expressed as shown below,
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I/Ir = (V/Vr)x
Where
Ir = Reference Current of Zno block
Vr = Reference Voltage of Zno block
x= Constant the value of x is 30 to 40 in case of Zinc oxide
block.
Working Principle of Lightening / Surge Arrestor:
When system voltage is applied on the surge arrester at
continuous operating voltage, about 80% of the rated voltage,
the arrester experiences some leakage current. The amplitude
of the leakage current depends on the condition of the surge
arrester. The leakage current consists of the capacitive and the
resistive current component. This leakage current generates
heat. This generated heat should be dissipated properly
otherwise the temperature of the LA may rise which further
increases the leakage current. Because of this the proper
thermal design of surge arrester housing plays an important
role.
When a high voltage surge is impressed on the surge /
lightening arrestor, the resistance of the ZnO becomes low and
as can be seen from the voltagecurrent characteristics, the
current through the Lightening / Surge Arrestor becomes high of
the range of kA. The voltage, beyond which the current through
the LA becomes such high, is known as reference voltage and
the current at reference voltage is known as reference current.
As LA is connected in between phase and ground, the high
voltage surge is discharged to ground by low resistance offered
by the Zinc Oxide blocks and in this way prevents the equipment
from damage due to voltage surge.
Thank you!
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