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General: Just A (Very Incomplete) List of R Functions

This document provides a (very incomplete) list of R functions organized into general categories such as general functions, mathematical functions, graphical functions, and statistical functions. It lists common functions like plot(), lm(), cor.test(), mean(), and t.test() as well as less common functions like cumprod(), splinefun(), and ecdf(). The document serves as a quick reference to the types of functions available in R and examples of functions within each category.

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swapnil pal
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76 views3 pages

General: Just A (Very Incomplete) List of R Functions

This document provides a (very incomplete) list of R functions organized into general categories such as general functions, mathematical functions, graphical functions, and statistical functions. It lists common functions like plot(), lm(), cor.test(), mean(), and t.test() as well as less common functions like cumprod(), splinefun(), and ecdf(). The document serves as a quick reference to the types of functions available in R and examples of functions within each category.

Uploaded by

swapnil pal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Just a (very incomplete) list of R functions.

General
builtins() # List all built-in functions
options() # Set options to control how R computes & displays results

?NA # Help page on handling of missing data values


abs(x) # The absolute value of "x"
append() # Add elements to a vector
c(x) # A generic function which combines its arguments
cat(x) # Prints the arguments
cbind() # Combine vectors by row/column (cf. "paste" in Unix)
diff(x) # Returns suitably lagged and iterated differences
gl() # Generate factors with the pattern of their levels
grep() # Pattern matching
identical() # Test if 2 objects are *exactly* equal
jitter() # Add a small amount of noise to a numeric vector
julian() # Return Julian date
length(x) # Return no. of elements in vector x
ls() # List objects in current environment
mat.or.vec() # Create a matrix or vector
paste(x) # Concatenate vectors after converting to character
range(x) # Returns the minimum and maximum of x
rep(1,5) # Repeat the number 1 five times
rev(x) # List the elements of "x" in reverse order
seq(1,10,0.4) # Generate a sequence (1 -> 10, spaced by 0.4)
sequence() # Create a vector of sequences
sign(x) # Returns the signs of the elements of x
sort(x) # Sort the vector x
order(x) # list sorted element numbers of x
tolower(),toupper() # Convert string to lower/upper case letters
unique(x) # Remove duplicate entries from vector
system("cmd") # Execute "cmd" in operating system (outside of R)
vector() # Produces a vector of given length and mode

formatC(x) # Format x using 'C' style formatting specifications


floor(x), ceiling(x), round(x), signif(x), trunc(x) # rounding functions

Sys.getenv(x) # Get the value of the environment variable "x"


Sys.putenv(x) # Set the value of the environment variable "x"
Sys.time() # Return system time
Sys.Date() # Return system date
getwd() # Return working directory
setwd() # Set working directory
?files # Help on low-level interface to file system
list.files() # List files in a give directory
file.info() # Get information about files

# Built-in constants:
pi,letters,LETTERS # Pi, lower & uppercase letters, e.g. letters[7] = "g"
month.abb,month.name # Abbreviated & full names for months
Maths
log(x),logb(),log10(),log2(),exp(),expm1(),log1p(),sqrt() # Fairly obvious
cos(),sin(),tan(),acos(),asin(),atan(),atan2() # Usual stuff
cosh(),sinh(),tanh(),acosh(),asinh(),atanh() # Hyperbolic functions
union(),intersect(),setdiff(),setequal() # Set operations
+,-,*,/,^,%%,%/% # Arithmetic operators
<,>,<=,>=,==,!= # Comparison operators
eigen() # Computes eigenvalues and eigenvectors

deriv() # Symbolic and algorithmic derivatives of simple expressions


integrate() # Adaptive quadrature over a finite or infinite interval.

sqrt(),sum()
?Control # Help on control flow statements (e.g. if, for, while)
?Extract # Help on operators acting to extract or replace subsets of
vectors
?Logic # Help on logical operators
?Mod # Help on functions which support complex arithmetic in R
?Paren # Help on parentheses
?regex # Help on regular expressions used in R
?Syntax # Help on R syntax and giving the precedence of operators
?Special # Help on special functions related to beta and gamma functions
Graphical
help(package=graphics) # List all graphics functions

plot() # Generic function for plotting of R objects


par() # Set or query graphical parameters
curve(5*x^3,add=T) # Plot an equation as a curve
points(x,y) # Add another set of points to an existing graph
arrows() # Draw arrows [see errorbar script]
abline() # Adds a straight line to an existing graph
lines() # Join specified points with line segments
segments() # Draw line segments between pairs of points
hist(x) # Plot a histogram of x
pairs() # Plot matrix of scatter plots
matplot() # Plot columns of matrices

?device # Help page on available graphical devices


postscript() # Plot to postscript file
pdf() # Plot to pdf file
png() # Plot to PNG file
jpeg() # Plot to JPEG file
X11() # Plot to X window
persp() # Draws perspective plot
contour() # Contour plot
image() # Plot an image
Fitting / regression / optimisation
lm # Fit liner model
glm # Fit generalised linear model
nls # non-linear (weighted) least-squares fitting
lqs # "library(MASS)" resistant regression

optim # general-purpose optimisation


optimize # 1-dimensional optimisation
constrOptim # Constrained optimisation
nlm # Non-linear minimisation
nlminb # More robust (non-)constrained non-linear minimisation
Statistical
help(package=stats) # List all stats functions
?Chisquare # Help on chi-squared distribution functions
?Poisson # Help on Poisson distribution functions
help(package=survival) # Survival analysis

cor.test() # Perform correlation test


cumsum(); cumprod(); cummin(); cummax() # Cumuluative functions for vectors
density(x) # Compute kernel density estimates
ks.test() # Performs one or two sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests
loess(), lowess() # Scatter plot smoothing
mad() # Calculate median absolute deviation
mean(x), weighted.mean(x), median(x), min(x), max(x), quantile(x)
rnorm(), runif() # Generate random data with Gaussian/uniform distribution
splinefun() # Perform spline interpolation
smooth.spline() # Fits a cubic smoothing spline
sd() # Calculate standard deviation
summary(x) # Returns a summary of x: mean, min, max etc.
t.test() # Student's t-test
var() # Calculate variance
sample() # Random samples & permutations
ecdf() # Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function
qqplot() # quantile-quantile plot

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