DAUCUS CAROTA 197

5 Daucus
carota
L.

Common Names
Boktel Malaysia Gazar baladi India
Bokti Indonesia Gazar India
Bortol Sudan Gazur India
Cairead Ireland Gelbe Rube Germany
Caretysen Cornwall Gele peen Netherlands
Carot Cambodia Gele Wortel Netherlands
Carot Vietnam Gujjur India
Carota Italy Gujjur-jo-beej India
Carota salvatica Italy Gularot Faeroe Islands
Carote Italy Gulerod Denmark
Carotola Germany Gullerodder Denmark
Carotte sauvage Mauritius Gulrot Norway
Carotte France Have-gulerod Denmark
Carradje The Isle of Man (Manx) Havijk Iran
Carrot sauvage Belgium Havuc Turkey
Carrot sauvage Canada Hong cai tou China
Carrot sauvage France Hong da gen China
Carrot sauvage Tunisia Hong lu fai China
Carrot Guyana Hong luo bo China
Carrot United Kingdom Hu lu fai China
Carrot United States Hu luo bo China
Cenoura brava Portugal Huang luo bo China
Cenoura selvagem Brazil Hu-lo-po-tze China
Cenoura Portugal Ikherothi Africa
Curral Scotland Ilikherothi Africa
Curran Scotland Jazar barri Iraq
Dauco marino Italy Kaareti New Zealand
Daucus carotte France Karot Australia
Gaajara India Karot Cambodia
Gahzar India Karot Netherlands Antilles
Gaiweruam Germany Karot Philippines
Gajar India Karote Albania
Gajjarakkilangu India Karote Hawaii
Gajor India Karoti Samoa

From: Medicinal Plants of the World, vol. 3: Chemical Constituents, Traditional and Modern Medicinal Uses
By: I. A. Ross © Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

197
198 MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE WORLD

Karoto Greece Ruokaporkana Finland

Karotte Germany Sargarepa Croatia
Karotten Germany Sargarepa Hungary
Karotter Denmark Sargarepa Serbia
Karuvathu kelengu India Segwere South Africa
Kdyuir Turkmenistan Speisemohre Germany
Khaerot Thailand Speisemohren Germany
Lobak merah Malaysia Spisegulerod Denmark
Marchew Poland Vild gulerod Benin
Meacan dearg Ireland Vild gulerod Denmark
Mohre Germany Viljelty porkkana Finland
Mohrrube Germany Vill gulrot Norway
Morkov Bulgaria Wild carrot Canada
Morkov Macedonia Wild carrot England
Morkov Romania Wild carrot New Zealand
Morkov Russia Wild gulerod Denmark
Morkva Ukraine Wilde mohre Germany
Moronen Wales Wilde peen Belgium
Morot Sweden Wilde peen Netherlands
Mrkva Yugoslavia Wilde wortel Belgium
Niistsikapa’s United States Wildmorot Sweden
Nora-ninjij Japan Wortel Indonesia
Pahari gajar India Wortel Netherlands
Pastanaga Spain Wortel South Africa
Pastenade France Yang hua luo bo China
Pastenaga France Ye hu luo bo China
Pastinaca selvatica Italy Zanahoria Silvestre Dominican Republic
Peen Netherlands Zanahoria silvestre Chile
Phakchi-daeng Thailand Zanahoria silvestre Peru
Pitta gajur India Zanahoria silvestre Spain
Porkkana Finland Zanahoria silvestre Venezuela
Queen Anne’s lace Canada Zanahoria Puerto Rico
Risch melna Switzerland Zanahoria Spain

BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION compound, more or less globose, to 7-cm-

Carrot is an erect (30–120 cm high) annu- in-diameter umbels. Rays are numerous,
al or biennial herb of the UMBELLI- bracts 1–2 pinnated, lobes linear, 7–10
FERAE family with branched stem arising bracteoles similar to bracts. Flowers are
from a large, succulent, thick, fleshy 5–30 white or yellowish; the outer are usually the
cm long tap root. The color of the root in largest. Sepals are minute or absent, there
the cultivated varieties ranges from white, are five petals and stamens, ovary inferior
with two cells and one ovule per cell, two
yellow, orange, light purple, or deep red to
styles. Fruits are oblong, with bristly hairs
deep violet. The shape varies from short
along ribs, 2–4 mm long.
stumps to tapering cones. Leaves are finely
dissected, twice or thrice-pinnate, segments ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION
are linear to lanceolate, 0.5–3 cm long. Up- Cultivated carrot originated in Afghanistan
per leaves are reduced, with a sheathing then spread to China in the 13–14th cen-
petiole. Stem is striate or ridged, glabrous to tury and reached England in the 15th cen-
hispid, up to 1 m tall. Flowers are borne in tury. It was introduced to North America by
DAUCUS CAROTA 199

settlers and is grown widely in temperate Dried seeds are mixed with crude sugar and
and tropical regions of the world. eaten to terminate early pregnancyDC188. Hot
TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL USES water extract of the dried root is taken orally
as a tonic, expectorant, diuretic, stomachic,
Algeria. Hot water extract of the seed,
and liver cleanserDC219. Hot water extract of
mixed with Euphorbia species and a beetle,
the leaf is taken orally as a uterine stimulant
is taken orally to facilitate childbirthDC010.
during parturitionDC020. Hot water extract of
Arabic countries. The dried seeds are used
the seed is taken orally as an abortifacient,
as an abortifacient in the form of a pessary
emmenagogue, and aphrodisiac DC008. The
in Unani medicineDC191.
dried seeds are used as a powerful aborti-
Belgium. Dried root is taken orally for facientDC239. The root is taken orally as a hy-
diabetesDC088. potensive medicationDC098.
Brazil. Water extract of the dried root is Iran. Water extract of the fruit is taken
taken orally as a nerve tonic and stimu- orally as an emmenagogueDC014.
lantDC089. Italy. Decoction of the root is used as a
Canary Islands. Infusion of the dried aerial gargle for loss of speechDC072. Root juice is
parts is taken orally for cystitisDC208. taken orally as an anthelmintic and cicatri-
China. Decoction of the seed is taken orally zing agent, for leukorrhea, and to improve
as an emmenagogueDC108. Root juice is taken sightDC224. The fresh root is used externally
orally for cancer of the stomach, bowel, and for dermatitis and burns. The fresh root
uterus, and for ulcersDC108. juice is taken orally for loss of voice and per-
Egypt. Hot water extract of the fruit is taken sistent coughs, and the decoction is taken
orally to facilitate pregnancy and as an em- orally for diuresisDC222. The root is taken
menagogue, aphrodisiac, diuretic, and orally as a diuretic and a digestive and to
antispasmodicDC151. Hot water extract of the treat uricemia and constipationDC102.
dried fruit is taken orally as a diuretic and Kuwait. The seeds are taken orally as an
for urinary colicDC174. emmenagogueDC113.
England. Hot water extract of the root and Madeira. Infusion of the entire plant is
seed are taken orally to induce the men- taken orally for jaundiceDC101.
strual cycleDC017. Mexico. Hot water extract of the fresh root
Europe. Decoction of the dried leaf is taken is taken orally as a cardiotonicDC173. The
orally for diabetes mellitusDC140. Hot water flowers or root, boiled together with Cassia
extract of the root is taken orally as an fistula and “Rosa de Castilla,” are taken
emmenagogue DC019 and anthelmintic DC237 . orally before breakfast to induce abortion.
Hot water extract of the seed is taken orally To correct delayed menstruation, the liquid
to induce menstruationDC011. is taken daily for 40 daysDC234.
Fiji. Fresh leaf juice is used as a nose drop Morocco. The fruit is taken orally for uri-
for headache. Fresh root is taken orally for nary tract infectionsDC253.
heart diseasesDC207. New Caledonia. Infusion of the fruit is
France. Hot water extract of the fruit is taken orally as an emmenagogueDC009.
taken orally as an emmenagogueDC227. Pakistan. Hot water extracts of the leaf and
Greece. Infusion of the dried flowers is seed are taken orally as stimulants of the
taken orally as a tonic and to relieve uterus during parturitionDC003.
sluggishnessDC083. Peru. Hot water extracts of the dried root
India. Decoction of the fresh root is taken and dried aerial parts are taken orally as a
orally for jaundice and inflammation, as an carminative, emmenagogue, and vermi-
anthelmintic, and externally for leprosyDC118. fugeDC218.
200 MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE WORLD

Philippines. Hot water extract of the leaf is Arginine: PlDC161

taken orally as a stimulant of the uterus dur- Asaraldehyde: Sd EODC023
ing parturitionDC001. Asarone, cis: Fr EO 4.10%DC090
Asarone, trans: Fr EO 40.325DC090
Rodrigues Islands. Decoction of the entire
Asarone: Sd EODC023, Fr EO 6.08%DC090
plant is taken orally for gout, jaundice, and Ascorbic acid, dehydro: RtDC244
mouth ulcersDC100. Ascorbic acid: RtDC093
South Korea. Hot water extract of the dried Aspartic acid: PlDC161
fruit is taken orally as an abortifacient and Astragalin: SdDC177
emmenagogueDC206. Avenasterol, 7-dehydro: Fr EODC134
Tunisia. Dried leaf is used externally for Benzene, 4-methyl-iso-propenyl: SdDC149
chilblainsDC254. Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy: RtDC246
Turkey. The seed, ground with the seeds of Benzylamine, N-methyl: Rt 16.50DC199
Benzylamine: Rt 2.80DC199
Brassica rapa and Raphanus sativus, is taken Bergapten: Rt 0.3DC175, Call Tiss 115DC076,
orally as a tonicDC099. FrDC142
United States. Hot water extract of the Betaine: Sh 0.3 Pmol/gDC181
fruit is taken orally to stimulate menstru- Bisabolene, E: Sd EODC171, Fr EO
ationDC012. Hot water extract of the seed is 20.13%DC090, Sd EO 1.5%DC029
taken orally as an emmenagogueDC021. Seeds Bisabolene, J, trans: RtDC144
are taken orally as an emmenagogue, di- Bisabolene, J: RtDC067
uretic, and abortifacientDC182. The fresh root Bisabolene: Sd EODC023, RtDC064
Borneol acetate: RtDC064
is taken orally for general nervousness, and
Caffeic acid: Aer, RtDC245, LfDC248, Call
the hot water extract is taken orally as a di- TissDC246
uretic in dropsy and as a tonicDC250. Hot wa- Caffeoylquinic acid: RtDC111
ter extract of the dried root and seed is taken Calcium inorganic: RtDC153
orally as a carminative, diuretic, and Campesterol: LfDC172, Aer, RtDC198
stimulantDC249. Capric acid: Fr fixed oil 1.56%DC134
Car-3-ene monoterpene: Fr EO 1.27%DC090
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS Carota-1-4-E-oxide sesquiterpene: Sd EO
(ppm unless otherwise indicated) 66DC131
Aesculetin coumarin: Lf, RtDC248 Carotene, D, all-trans: RtDC106
Alanine(DL): BdDC236 Carotene, D: RtDC157, LfDC030
Alanine: SdDC065, RtDC126,DC200 Carotene, E, 9-cis: RtDC135
Alcanols (C22–C30): Lf 305DC172 Carotene, E, all-trans: RtDC135
Aldolase: Call TissDC036 Carotene, E: RtDC078
Alkanes (C13–C58): RtDC126 Carotene,H: RtDC022
Alkanes (C15–C39): Lf 0.033DC172 Carotene, J: LfDC030, RtDC157
Amine, ethyl-methyl: Rt 7DC199 Carotene: RtDC243
Ammonia-lyase: PlDC194 Carotol: EODC042, SdDC146,Sd EODC033
Amylase: Call TissDC036 Caryophyllene, E: RtDC144
Amyrin, D: AerDC198 Caryophyllene: RtDC067
Amyrin, E: AerDC198 Chlorogenic acid, iso: RtDC159, LfDC248
Aniline, N-methyl: Rt 0.8DC199 Chlorogenic acid, trans: AerDC129
Aniline: Rt 30.9DC199 Chlorogenic acid: RtDC031, AerDC245, Call
Anthocyanins: Call TissDC233, PlDC085 TissDC060, LfDC248
Apigenin: Lf DC087 Chlorophyll: Fr Ju 0.2DC197
Apigenin-4'-O-E-D-glucoside: SdDC177, FrDC170 Chloroplasts: RtDC143, Call TissDC063, LfDC030
Apigenin-7-galactomannoside: SdDC177 Cholesterol: LfDC172
Arabinoside: RtDC200 Choline, phosphatidyl: PlDC120
Arachic acid: Fr fixed oil 0.31%DC134 Choline: SdDC018
DAUCUS CAROTA 201

Chromone, 5-7-dihydroxy-2-methyl: RtDC024 Falcarindiol-1-acetate: RtDC069

Chrysanthemin: Call TissDC184 Falcarinol: Rt 10DC069
Chrysin: FrDC170 Farnesene, E, trans: Sd EO 2.5%DC029
Chrysoeriol: LfDC087 Ferulic acid: RtDC040, Call TissDC060, LfDC248
Cinnamic acid, trans; PlDC194 Fructokinase, phospho: RtDC150
Cinnamic acid: Call TissDC060 Fructose: RtDC228
Citric acid, iso: RtDC240 Fumarase: Call TissDC036
Citric acid: RtDC240 Fumaric acid: RtDC240
Coenzyme Q-10: PlDC058 Galactose: RtDC200
Cosmosiin: FrDC170 Galactosidase, E: PlDC161
Coumaric acid, para: RtDC040, Call TissDC246 Galacturonanase, exo-D: RtDC112
Coumarin, iso, 3-4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-6- Gentisic acid: Call TissDC246
mehoxy-3-methyl: RtDC041, Call TissDC037 Geraniol: Sd 300DC149
Coumarin, iso: RtDC159 Geranyl-2-methyl-butyrate: 0.05%DC149
Cpsmosiin: LfDC170 Glucose: RtDC228, BdDC236
Cryptoxanthin, E: RtDC122 Glucosidase, D: PlDC161
Cyanidin diglycoside: RtDC247 Glucosidase, E: PlDC161
Cyanidin-3-(sinapoyl-xylosyl-glucosyl-galacto- Glucuronidase, E: PlDC161
side): Pl, LfDC125 Glutamic acid: PlDC161, RtDC200
Cyanidin-3-0-galactoside: Call TissDC184 Glycerol, phosphatidyl: PlDC120
Cyanidin-3-5-digalactoside: Call TissDC184 Glycine: SdDC065, PlDC161, RtDC126, BdDC236
Cyanidin-3-glucogalactoside: Call TissDC184 Guaiacol, para-vinyl: Sd 0.4%DC149
Cymen-8-ol, para: Sd 0.9DC149 Hentraicontane, N: SdDC032
Cynaroside: FrDC170, AerDC129, LfDC170 Heptacosane, N: BdDC236, SdDC032
Cysteine: PlDC161 Heptadeca-2-9-diene-4-6-diyn-8-ol-acetoxy:
Dauca-4-8-diene sesquiterpene: Sd EO RtDC069
4.1%DC029 Heraclenin: Rt, AerDC178
Daucarin: SdDC189 Histidine: PlDC161, RtDC200
Daucic acid: RtDC039 Hydroxylase, cinnamic acid-4: PlDC168
Daucol, dehydroxy: Sd EODC033 Indole, acetic acid: Call TissDC155
Daucol: Sd EODC033 Inosidol, phosphatidyl: PlDC196
Daucosterol: LfDC087 Invertase: PlDC231
Dauc-trans-8-en-4-E-ol sesquiterpene: Sd EO Ionone, E: Sd 0.03%DC149
4.1%DC029 Kaempherol: RtDC075, FrDC170
Daucus carota agglutinin: RtDC180 Lauric acid: Fr Fixed oil 2.08%DC134
Daucus carota alkaloid 2: SdDC018 Leucine, iso: PlDC161, RtDC200
Daucus carota exopolygalacturonase: RtDC027 Leucine: RtDC126, BdDC236, PlDC161, SdDC065
Daucus carota protein (75 kDa): PlDC028 Lignin: PlDC034
Daucus carota tertiary alkaloid: SdDC166 Limonene: RtDC064
Dehydrogenase, glutamic acid: PlDC168 Linoleic acid: Sd 12.2%DC195
Diosgenin: Call Tiss 0.6%DC121 Linolenic acid: Sd oilDC148
Elemicin: Sd 0.2%DC149 Lupeol: RtDC198
Esterase, pectin: RtDC119 Lutein: Rt 2.8 DC068
Ethanolamine, phosphatidyl: PlDC196 Luteolin: FrDC170, Rt 1.4DC073
Ethylamine: Rt 1DC199 Luteolin-7-O-(6''-O-malonyl)-E-D glucoside:
Eugenin: Call TissDC037, RtDC156 AerDC129
Eugenol methyl ether phenylpropanoid: Fr EO Luteolin-7-O-E-D-glucoronide: AerDC129
1.23%DC090 Lyase, phenylalanine-ammonia: Call TissDC109,
Eugenol phenylpropanoid: 0.70%DC149, Fr EO PlDC168
1.72%DC090 Lycopene: LfDC030, Call TissDC063, RtDC157
Extensil: RtDC055 Lysine: PlDC154, RtDC200
Falcarindiol monoacetate: RtDC057 Malic acid: RtDC240
202 MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE WORLD

Malvidin-3-5-diglucoside: RtDC032 Ribonuclease: PlDC165

Mannose: RtDC200 RNase: Call TissDC036
Melatonin: Rt 55.3 pg/gDC084 Rutin: RtDC075
Mellein, 6-hydroxy, (-): RtDC024 Scopoletin: RtDC024, LfDC248
Mellein, 6-methoxy, (-): RtDC024 Serine: SdDC065, BdDC236, RtDC200
Mellein, 6-methoxy: PlDC124, RtDC193 Shikimic acid: RtDC240
Methionine: PlDC154 Sitosterol, E: SdDC035, RtDC057, BdDC236, Lf DC172,
Methylamine: Rt 3.80DC199 AerDC198
Mevalonic acid: Rt 4DC232 Sterase: PlDC161
Myrcene: RtDC144 Stigmasterol: LfDC172, Aer, Lf DC198
Myricetin: Rt 1DC073 Suberin: RtDC046
Myristic acid: Sd oilDC148 Succinic acid: RtDC240
Myristicin: Rt 34.4DC179 Sucrose: RtDC228
Nerol acetate: EO 2.51%DC107 Syringic acid: RtDC246
Nerol: Fr EO 0.30%DC107 Taraxasterol: Aer, RtDC198
Neurosporene: RtDC157 Tartaric acid: RtDC240
NH3 inorganic: Rt 3970DC199 Terpinen-4-ol: RtDC064
Nonacosane, N: BdDC236, SdDC032 Terpinene, D: RtDC144
Nucleotidase, 3': PlDC165 Terpinene,J RtDC064
Octacosane, N: SdDC032 Terpineol, D: PlDC257
Oleic acid: Sd oilDC136, Sd 11.6%DC195, Fr Terpinolene: RtDC144
Fixed oil 76.25%DC134 Threonine: RtDC200
Paeonol: Fr EO 1.33%DC090 Tiglic acid: Sd EODC023
Palmitic acid: Sd oilDC148, Fr fixed oil Toluidine: Rt 7.20DC199
3.25%DC134 Transaminase, glutamate-oxalacetate: Call
Palmitoleic acid: RtDC114, Fr fixed oil TissDC036
0.31%DC134 Transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate: Call
Peroxidase: RtDC032 TissDC036
Petroselinic acid: Sd oilDC145, Sd 71.2%DC195 Tryptophan: RtDC126, PlDC154
Phellandrene, D: RtDC144 Tyrosine: BdDC236, SdDC065, PlDC161, RtDC200
Phenethylamine, N-methyl: Rt 2DC199 Ubiquinone 10: Call Tiss 0.125DC062, Pl
Phenetrhylamine: Rt 2DC199 160DC061
Phenylalanine: RtDC200 Umbelliferone: LfDC241
Phosphatase, acid: PlDC161 Uronic acid: RtDC200
Phytofluene: RtDC157 Valine: RtDC126, BdDC236, SdDC065, PlDC161
PIK-A49: PlDC080 Vanillic acid: Call TissDC246
Pimpinellin, iso: Call TissDC095 Xanthotoxin: Pl, CrDC123, Rt 0.3DC175, Call
Pinene, D: SdDC146, RtDC064, Sd EO 0.9%DC029 TissDC095, FrDC082
Pinene, E: RtDC064 Xylitol: RtDC110
Polysaccharides: PlDC077 Xylose: RtDC200
Proline, 4-hydroxy: RtDC200 Zeatin, cis: Call TissDC160 Zeatin: Call
Proline: RtDC126, PlDC161, Sh 0.1 Pmol/gDC181 TissDC160
Protein: PlDC038, Sd 30%DC229
Psoralen, 5-methoxy: Pl, CrDC123, FrDC082 PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
Psoralen: Rt 0.3DC175,DC142 AND CLINICAL TRIALS
Putrescine: Call TissDC152 Abortifacient effect. Ethanol (95%) ex-
Pyrazine, 2-methoxy-3-sec-butyl: RtDC064
tract of the dried seed, administered by gas-
Qercitrin: FrDC170
Quercetin: RtDC075, FrDC170 tric intubation to pregnant mice at doses of
Quinic acid: RtDC240 30 mg/animal and 40 mg/kg on days 4–6,
Rhamnose: RtDC200 was inactiveDC238. Petroleum ether extract of
Ribonuclease, deoxy: PlDC165 the dried seed, administered subcutaneously
DAUCUS CAROTA 203

to pregnant rats beginning on day 7 of preg- the fresh root, on agar plate at a concentra-
nancy, was activeDC127. Petroleum ether ex- tion of 500 Pg/plate, produced weak activ-
tract of the dried seed, administered ity on Salmonella typhimurium TA100 vs
subcutaneously to pregnant rats at a dose N-nitrosoamine-induced mutagenicityDC115.
of 2 mL/kg, was active. The effect was Agglutinin activity. Water extract of the
blocked by progesterone given on days 7–19 fresh root at variable concentrations was
of pregnancyDC205. Seed essential oil, admin- active on Streptococcus mutansDC180.
istered to pregnant mice at a dose of 5 mg/ AIDS therapeutic effects. Water extract of
kg, was activeDC171. Acetone extract of the the dried rhizome taken orally by adults was
fresh root, at a concentration of 1 Pg/mL, active. A pharmaceutical solution contain-
produced weak activity and the propanol ing fruit bodies of Tremella fuciformis,
extract was inactive on Salmonella typhimu- Daucus carota rhizome, Astragalus mongho-
rium TA98 vs 2-amino-3-methylimidazo licus root, and Zizyphus jujuba fruits, honey,
(4,5-F) quinoline-induced mutagenicityDC053. vitamin A palmitate, zinc sulfate, and vita-
Fresh fruit juice, administered by gastric in- min C was useful for controlling acquired
tubation to male mice at a dose of 0.5 mL/ immunodifficiency syndrome (AIDS), can-
animal, was active on Schizosaccharomyces cer, and infectionsDC139.
pombe. The animals were treated with the Anti-allergenic activity. Water extract of
juice and nitrosation precursors, then yeast the fresh root, in cell culture at a con-
cells were injected into the venous plexus centration of 100 PL/mL, was inactive on
of the orbit. Four hours later, the animals Leuk-RBL 2H3 vs biotinylated anti-deoxy-
were sacrificed and the livers removed, riboneucleoprotein immunoglobulin E /avi-
plated with yeast and examined. Results din-induced E-hexosaminidase releaseDC086.
were significant at p < 0.001 levelDC197. Infu- Anti-amoebic activity. Essential oil, in
sion of the stem, on agar plate at a concen- broth culture at a concentration of 0.5 PL/
tration of 100 PL/disc, produced strong mL, was active on Entamoeba histolyticaDC091.
activity on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 Antibacterial activity. Essential oil, on
vs 2-amino-anthracene-induced mutagenic- agar plate at a concentration of 0.43 mg/mL,
ity. Metabolic activation was not required produced weak activity on Streptococcus-E
for activity. Weak activity was produced on hemolytic and Staphylococcus aureus, equivo-
Salmonella typhimurium TA100 vs ethyl cal on Escherichia coli, minimal inhibitory
methanesulfonate-induced mutagenicity. concentration (MIC) 1.74 mg/mL and in-
Metabolic activation was not required for active on Proteus mirabilis, MIC 17.4 mg/
activityDC255. Methanol extract of the dried mL. Fruit essential oil on agar plate was ac-
root, on agar plate at a concentration of 50 tive on Staphylococcus aureus, MIC 0.12 mg/
PL/disc, was inactive on Bacillus subtilis mL, and Streptococcus-E hemolytic, MIC 0.23
NIG-1125 His Met and Escherichia coli B/R- mg/mL, inactive on Proteus mirabilis, MIC
WP2-TRPDC203. Root juice, on agar plate 18.5 mg/mL, and equivocal on Escherichia
at a concentration of 500.0 PL/plate coli, MIC 9.25 mg/mLDC107. Ethanol (70%)
produced weak activity on Salmonella extract of the fruit, on agar plate, was active
typhimurium TA98 vs 2-nitrofluorine- and on Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus albus,
1-nitropyrene-induced mutagenesis DC056 . Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereusDC190.
Water extract of the fresh root, on agar plate Ethanol (95%) and water extracts of the en-
plus S9 mix at a dose of 0.4 mL/plate, was tire plant, on agar plate, were inactive on
active on Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 vs Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureusDC026.
TRP-P-2 mutagenicityDC215. Water extract of Fresh root, macerated, in pieces and shred-
204 MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE WORLD

ded, was active on Listeria monocytogenesDC137. lium digitatum, Rhizopus nigrans, and Tri-
Fresh shredded root dipped in chlorine and chophyton mentagrophytesDC212. Seed essential
packaged under an atmosphere containing oil, in broth culture at variable concentra-
3% oxygen and 97% nitrogen, was active on tions, was active on Cladosporium wern-
Listeria monocytogenes. Bacterial growth was eckiiDC192. The root, on agar plate, was active
inhibited on shredded carrots more than on on Porphyromonas gingivalisDC048.
whole carrots. There was no inhibition on Antigen expression inhibition. Fresh plant
cooked carrotsDC132. The root, on agar plate, juice, in the ration of female mice, was ac-
was active on Streptococcus mutansDC048. tive vs IgE antibody expression in ovalbu-
Anticlastogenic activity. Plant juice, ad- min-sensitized miceDC116.
ministered intragastrically to male mice at Antihalitosis effect. Dried root ingested by
a dose of 1 mL/kg, produced weak activity adults was active. The biological activity
on reticulocyte vs J-ray irradiationDC047. has been patentedDC050.
Anticytotoxic activity. Ethanol (95%) Antihepatotoxic activity. Water extract of
extract of the fresh root, at a concentra- the fresh root, administered intragastrically
tion of 80 mg/mL in cell culture, was ac- to male rats at a dose of 20 mL/kg, was ac-
tive on Vero cells vs N-nitrosopiperidine, tive vs lindane-induced hepatotoxictyDC118.
N-nitrosodibutylamine, and N-nitrosodi- Supernatant of the fresh root, administered
methylamine cytotoxicity. A dose of 20 mg/ intragastrically to male mice at a dose of 50
mL was inactive vs N-nitrosopiperidine, mL/kg, decreased serum bilirubin, urea, lac-
nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosopyrroli- tic dehydrogenase, serum glutamic pyruvic
dine, and N-nitrosodibutylamine cytotox- transaminase, and serum glutamic oxaloace-
icityDC104. tic transaminase levels vs carbon tetrachlo-
Anti-edema activity. Methanol extract of the ride (CCl4)-induced hepatoxicityDC092.
root, applied externally to mice at a dose of Antihyperglycemic activity. Decoction,
2 mg/ear, produced inhibition ratio of 37DC071. ethanol (80%),DC088 and waterDC103 extracts of
Anti-estrogenic effect. Ethanol (95%) ex- the dried root, administered intragastrically
tract of the dried seed, administered by gas- to mice at a dose of 25 g/kg, were active vs
tric intubation of ovariectomized mice at a glucose-induced hyperglycemia. Dried leaf,
dose of 40 mg/kg daily for 3 days, produced administered to male mice at a concentra-
weak activityDC238. Petroleum ether extract tion of 6.25% of the diet for 28 days, was
of the dried seed, at a dose of 10 mg/kg, was inactive vs streptozotocin-induced hyper-
activeDC117. glycemiaDC140. Fresh root, taken orally by 15
Antifertility effect. Hot water extract of adults of both sexes with type II diabetes at
the dried seed, administered by gastric intu- a dose of 280 g/person, was activeDC133.
bation to female rats, was activeDC201. Anti-implantation effect. Chloroform–
Antifungal activity. Acetone, water, and methanol (9:1) fraction of ethanol (95%)
ethanol (95%) extracts of the dried fruit, on extract, a chloroform-soluble fraction and
agar plate at a concentration of 50%, were an ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of a water
inactive on Neurospora crassaDC252. The es- extract, methanol-soluble fraction of a pe-
sential oil, at a concentration of 1000 ppm troleum ether extract and chloroform
on agar plate, produced weak activity on soluble fraction of petroleum ether extract
Aspergillus flavusDC068. Ethanol (50%) extract of the seed, administered orally to female
of the dried root, on agar plate at a concen- rats at a dose of 50 mg/kg, were active vs
tration of 500 mg/mL, was active on Botrytis foot shockDC230. Water and petroleum ether
cinerea and inactive on Aspergillus fumigatus, extracts of the seed, administered orally to
Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicil- female rats at doses of 100 and 20 mg/kg,
DAUCUS CAROTA 205

respectively, were active DC006. Petroleum Petroleum ether extract of the seed, admin-
ether extract of the seed, administered istered subcutaneously to pregnant rats at a
orally to female rats at a dose of 500 mg/kg, dose of 0.6 mL/animal, was activeDC223.
was inactiveDC044. Ethanol (50%) extract of Antispasmodic activity. Petroleum ether
the dried seed, administered orally to fraction chromatographed and fraction
female rats at a dose of 500 mg/kg, was eluted with chloroform, at a concentration
inactiveDC167. Ethanol (95%) extract of the of 0.50 mg/mL, was active on the guinea
dried fruit, administered orally to pregnant pigileum vs histamine-induced contrac-
rats at a dose of 500 mg/kg, produced 60% tionsDC226. Tertiary alkaloid fraction of the
inhibition of implantationDC169. Petroleum dried seeds produced weak activity on the
ether extract of the dried seed, administered dog trachea vs acetylcholine (ACh)- and
subcutaneously to pregnant rats at a dose of KCl-induced contractions, and active on
6 mL/kg, was inactiveDC187. Seed essential oil, the guinea pig ileum. A concentration of 25
administered to pregnant mice at a dose of Pg/mL was active on the rat uterus vs ACh-
5 mg/kg, was activeDC171. and oxytocin-induced contractions, results
Antimycobacterial activity. Ethanol (95%) significant at p < 0.02 levelDC166. Methanol
and water extracts of the entire plant, on extract of the dried seed, at a concentra-
agar plate, were inactive on Mycobacterium tion of 0.1 mg/mL, was active on the guinea
tuberculosisDC026. Leaf juice, on agar plate, pig ileum vs histamine-induced contrac-
produced weak activity on Mycobacterium tionsDC221.
tuberculosis, MIC less than 1:20DC007. Anti-thyroid activity. Boiled root, taken
Anti-nematodal activity. Methanol ex- orally by adults at a dose of 554 g/person,
tract of the fruit, at a concentration of 1 mg/ produced weak activity on iodine uptake by
mL, was active, and the water extract, at a the thyroid. The root, taken orally by adults,
concentration of 10 mg/mL, produced weak at a dose of 352 g/person, produced slight to
activity on Toxacara canisDC147. high iodine uptake by the thyroidDC251.
Antioxidant activity. Plant juice, at a dose Anti-tumor activity. Petroleum ether ex-
of 100 PL/kg, produced weak activity vs tract of the dried seed, administered intrap-
Fenton’s reagent-induced lipid peroxida- eritoneally to male mice at a concentration
tionDC047. The root, at a concentration of 1%, of 3 mg/kg, was active on Chinese hamster
produced weak activity at 120q FDC096. Water cells-V79DC059. The root, administered in the
extract of the fresh root, at a concentra- ration of female rats for 1 month before
tion of 10 PM trolox equivalent per gram, 7,12-dimethybenz[a]anthracene treatment,
produced weak activity vs oxygen radical reduced tumor size DC045. Water extract of the
absorption capacity assay with hydroxyl and aerial parts, administered intraperitoneally
peroxyl radical generators, and Cu2+ (reac- to mice at a dose of 400 mg/kg, was inactive
tive species) activityDC052. Fresh root homo- on Leuk (Friend Virus-Solid) and Leuk-
genate produced 31.8% inhibition of lipid L1210. A dose of 500 mg/kg was inactive on
peroxidationDC093. Sarcoma 180 (ASC)DC235. Water extract of
Antioxytocic effect. Methanol extract of the dried root taken orally by adults was ac-
the dried seed, at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ tive. A pharmaceutical solution containing
mL, was equivocal vs oxytocin-induced fruit bodies of Tremella fuciformis, Daucus
contractionsDC221. carota root, Astragalus mongholicus root, and
Antiprogesterone effect. Petroleum ether Zizyphus jujuba fruits, honey, vitamin A
extract of the dried seed, administered sub- palmitate, zinc sulfate, and vitamin C was
cutaneously to pregnant rats at doses of 2 useful for controlling AIDS, cancer, and
mL/kg and 0.6 mL/animal, were activeDC205. infectionsDC139. Hot water extracts of the
206 MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE WORLD

fresh leaf and fresh root, in cell culture, pro- solution. Consumption of the saccharin
duced strong activity on Raji cells vs solution 2 days after the test was used to esti-
phorbol myristate acetate-promoting ex- mate aversiveness of the test substanceDC216.
pression of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) early Cytotoxic activity. Ethanol (50%) extract
antigenDC070. Methanol extract of the fresh of the root, in cell culture, was inactive on
root, at a concentration of 200 mg/mL, was CA-9KB, effective dose (ED)50 greater than
inactive on Raji cells vs EBV activation in- 20 Pg/mLDC013. Methanol extract of the fresh
duced by 12-O-hexadecanoylphorbol (40 root, in cell culture at a concentration of
ng/mL)DC097. 200 Pg/mL, was inactive on macrophage cell
Anti-yeast activity. Ethanol (50%) extract line RAW 264.7DC054. Water extract of the
of the dried root, on agar plate at a concen- aerial parts, in cell culture, was inactive on
tration of 500 mg/mL, was inactive on CA-9KB, ED50 greater than 0.1 mg/mLDC235.
Candida albicans and Saccharomyces pasto- Dermatitis-producing effect. Ether ex-
rianusDC212. tract of the fresh entire plant, applied by
Cardiotonic activity. Petroleum ether frac- patch at a concentration of 1%, was
tion chromatographed and fraction eluted activeDC130. Fresh root, in a mixture contain-
with chloroform, administered by perfusion ing Apium graveolens, Aromatica rusticana,
at a concentration of 0.20 mg/mL, was inac- Solanum tuberosum, and Petroselinum cris-
tive on the guinea pig heartDC226. pum, was activeDC220.
Catalase inhibition. Water extract of the Desmutagenic activity. Fresh plant juice,
fresh root, administered intragastrically to on agar plate at a concentration of 0.5 mL/
infant mice at a dose of 50 mL/kg, was ac- disc, was inactive on Salmonella typhimurium
tive. The treatment was administered for TA98DC213. Homogenate of the fresh root, at
seven successive days, followed by a single a concentration of 100 PL/disc on agar plate,
dose of 20% v/v CCl4 in olive oil subcutane- was active on Salmonella typhimurium TA98
ously at 1 mL/kg on the last day 1 hour after and TA100 vs 1,4-dinitro-2-methyl pyrrole
the administration of the carrot extractDC074. mutagenesisDC211.
Chloroform–methanol (9:1) fraction of the Diuretic activity. Ethanol (70%) extract of
ethanol (95%) extract, ethyl acetate frac- the dried fruit, administered intravenously to
tion of the water extract, and chloroform- dogs at a dose of 150 mg/kg, increased diure-
soluble fraction of the water extract of the sis 1.7-foldDC141. Ethanol (95%) extract of the
seed were active on the nonpregnant rat seed, administered orally to rats at a dose of
uterusDC225. 100 mg/kg, was inactiveDC020. Seed essential
Central nervous system (CNS) depres- oil, administered intravenously to dogs at a
sant activity. Ethanol (95%) extract of the concentration of 4 PL/kg, produced 2.4-fold
seed, administered orally to mice and rats at increase in urine flow and an increase in K+,
a dose of 50 mg/kg, was inactiveDC020. Na+, and Cl- excretion. Ethanol (70%) ex-
CNS stimulant activity. Ethanol (95%) tract of the seed essential oil, administered
extract of the seed, administered orally to intravenously to dogs at a dose of 20 mg/kg,
mice and rats at a dose of 50 mg/kg, was produced 1.6-fold increase in urine flowDC141.
inactiveDC020. Embryotoxic effect. Ethanol (95%) ex-
Conditioned taste aversion. Frozen leaf tract of the dried seed, administered by gas-
and stem, administered intragastrically to tric intubation to pregnant rats at a dose of
rats at a dose of 562 mg/kg, was inactive. 40 mg/animal on days 4–6, was inactiveDC238.
The test substance was temporarily paired A dose of 0.10 g/kg, administered by gastric
with the introduction of sodium saccharin intubation to pregnant rats on days 1–10,
DAUCUS CAROTA 207

was inactive, and a dose of 0.25 mg/kg on levelDC185. Ethanol (95%) extract of the root,
days 1–10 was equivocal. Six of 10 animals administered subcutaneously to female
were pregnant vs 10 of 10 in the control infant mice, was active DC015,DC016. Ethanol
groupDC209. Ethanol (50%) extract of the (95%) extract of the root, administered sub-
dried seed, administered by gastric intuba- cutaneously to female infant mice, was
tion to pregnant rats at a dose 200 mg/kg, inactive DC004. The seed essential oil was
was equivocalT05679. The water extract, at a inactiveDC171. Root, in the ration of female
dose of 0.5 g/kg on days 1–10, was infant mice, produced activity equivalent
inactiveDC209. Petroleum ether extract, ad- to 2 Pg stilbestrol in 100 g carrot (dry
ministered subcutaneously to pregnant rats weight)DC002.
at a dose of 1 mL/kg, was inactive and a dose Estrous cycle disruption effect. Petroleum
of 2 mL/kg was active. Results were signifi- ether extract of the dried seed, administered
cant at p < 0.05 levelDC187. Powdered dried subcutaneously to rats at a dose of 2 mL/kg,
seed, administered by gastric intubation to was active. Results were significant at p <
pregnant rats at doses of 2–4.5 g/kg on days 0.001 levelDC186.
1–10, was inactiveDC209. Petroleum ether ex- Glutathione formation induction. Water
tract of the seed chromatographed and frac- extract of the fresh root, administered
tion eluted with chloroform, administered intragastrically to infant mice at a dose of
orally to female rats at a dose of 20 mg/kg, 25 mL/kg, was active. The treatment was
was activeDC256. Ethanol (95%) extract of the administered for seven successive days fol-
seed, administered orally to female rats at a lowed by a single dose of 20% v/v CCl4 in
dose of 50 mg/kg, was inactive. Chloroform- olive subcutaneously at 1 mL/kg on the last
soluble and ethyl acetate-soluble fractions day, 1 hour after the administration of the
of a water extract of the seed, administered carrot extractDC074.
orally to female rats at a dose of 50 mg/kg, Glutathione peroxidase inhibition. Water
were active vs foot shock. Chloroform- and extract of the fresh root, administered
methanol-soluble fractions of the petroleum intragastrically to infant mice at a dose of
ether extract of the seed, administered 50 mL/kg, was active. The treatment was
orally to female rats at a dose of 50 mg/kg, administered for seven successive days fol-
was inactiveDC230. Petroleum ether extract of lowed by a single dose of 20% v/v CCl4 in
the seed, administered subcutaneously to olive subcutaneously at 1 mL/kg on the last
pregnant rats at a dose of 0.6 mL/animal, day, 1 hour after the administration of the
was activeDC223. Seed essential oil, adminis- carrot extractDC074.
tered subcutaneously to pregnant rats on Glutathione reductase stimulation. Wa-
days 1, 2, 7, and 8, was activeDC206. ter extract of the fresh root, administered
Estrogenic effect. Ethanol (95%) extract intragastrically to infant mice at a dose of
of the dried seed, administered by gastric in- 25 mL/kg, was active. The treatment was
tubation to infant female mice at doses of administered for seven successive days fol-
20 and 40 mg/animal daily for 3 days, pro- lowed by a single dose of 20% v/v CCl4 in
duced weak activityDC238. Doses of 50, 100, olive subcutaneously at 1 mL/kg on the last
and 500 mg/kg, administered subcutane- day, 1 hour after the administration of the
ously to ovariectomized rats, produced weak carrot extractDC074.
activityDC214. Petroleum ether extract of the Glutathione S-transferase induction. Fresh
dried seed, administered subcutaneously to leaf was inactive on Spodoptera frugiperdaDC210.
ovariectomized rats at doses of 2 and 6 mL/ Glutathione S -transferase inhibition.
kg, was active, results significant at p < 0.01 Water extract of the fresh root, adminis-
208 MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE WORLD

tered intragastrically to infant mice at a dose dose of 2–5 mg/kg, was inactiveDC221. Seed
of 50 mL/kg, was active. The treatment was essential oil, administered intravenously
administered for 7 successive days followed to dogs at a concentration of 4 PL/kg, was
by a single dose of 20% v/v CCl4 in olive activeDC141.
subcutaneously at 1 mL/kg on the last day, Immunostimulant activity. Fresh plant
1 hour after the administration of the carrot juice, in the ration of female mice, was
extractDC074. active in ovalbumin-sensitized miceDC116.
Goitrogenic activity. Fresh root, in the ra- Water extract of the dried root, taken orally
tion of rats at a dose of 9 g/day for 26 days, by human adults, was active. A pharmaceu-
was activeDC204. tical solution containing fruit bodies of
Hemagglutinin activity. Saline extract of Tremella fuciformis, Daucus carota root,
the dried seed, at a concentration of 10%, Astragalus mongholicus root and Zizyphus
was active on the human red blood cellsDC202. jujuba fruits, honey, vitamin A palmitate,
Hypocholestrolemic activity. Fresh root, zinc sulfate, and vitamin C is claimed useful
taken orally by human adults at a dose of as an immunostimulant for controlling
200 g/person, was active. Daily ingestion at AIDS, cancer, and infectionsDC139.
breakfast for 3 weeks decreased cholesterol Inotropic effect (negative). Ethanol
in serum by 11%, increased fecal bile acid (80%) extract of the aerial parts, at a con-
and fat excretion by 50%, and increased centration of 0.3 mg/mL, was active on the
stool weight by 25%DC163. guinea pig atriumDC081.
Hypoglycemic activity. Dried leaf, in the Inotropic effect (positive). Ethanol (95%)
ration of male mice at a concentration of extract of the seed, at a concentration of 4
6.25% of the diet for 28 days, was inactive mg/mL, was active on the perfused frog
vs streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemiaDC140. heartDC020.
Ether extract of the fresh root, administered Insecticidal activity. Water extract of the
subcutaneously to dogs, rabbits, and human dried root, at variable concentrations, was
adults, was activeDC025. inactive on Blatella germanica and Onco-
Hypotensive activity. Essential oil, ad- peltus fasciatus, and a dose of 40 mg/kg,
ministered intravenously to dogs at a dose administered intravenously, was inactive on
of 3 PL/kg, was active. The ethanol (70%) Periplaneta americanaDC242.
extract, administered intravenously to dogs Interferon induction stimulation. Fresh
at a dose of 75 mg/kg, was active. There was plant juice, in cell culture, was active on
a dip followed by rise in blood pressureDC141. mice splenocytesDC116.
Ethanol (80%) extract of the aerial parts, at Interleukin-4 release inhibition. Fresh
a dose of 10 mg/kg, was not blocked by atro- plant juice, in cell culture, was active on
pine. The extract did not inhibit pressor mice splenocytesDC116.
response of norepinephrine eitherDC081. Etha- Lipid peroxidase inhibition. Water extract
nol (95%) extract of the seed, administered of the fresh root, administered intragastri-
intravenously to dogs at a dose of 10 mg/kg, cally to infant mice at a dose of 50 mL/kg,
produced a transient effect that was blocked was active. The treatment was administered
by atropineDC020. Petroleum ether fraction for 7 successive days followed by a single
chromatographed and fraction eluted with dose of 20% v/v CCl4 in olive subcutane-
chloroform, administered intravenously to ously at 1 mL/kg on the last day, 1 hour after
rabbits at a dose of 0.80 mg/kg, was the administration of the carrot extractDC074.
inactive DC226. Methanol extract, adminis- Lipid peroxide formation inhibition.
tered intravenously to dogs and rabbits at a Fresh fruit juice, taken orally by human
DAUCUS CAROTA 209

adults at a dose of 16 mg of E carotene/per- Protein synthesis inhibition. Buffer of the

son, was activeDC094. Hot water extract of the fresh root produced weak activity, IC50 158
fresh leaf produced strong activity vs t-butyl Pg protein/mLDC086.
hydroperoxide/heme-induced luminol- Quinone reductase induction. Acetoni-
enhanced chemiluminescence DC070. Hot trile extract of the dried root, in cell culture
water extract of the fresh root produced at a concentration of 7.9 mg/g, was active
weak activity vs t-butylhydroperoxide/ on Hematoma-Mouse-ICIC7. The sample
heme-induced luminol-enhanced chemi- was assayed for the induction of detoxifying
luminescenceDC070. enzymes that may have anticarcinogenic
Liver regeneration stimulation. Seed es- activityDC079.
sential oil, administered subcutaneously to Sister chromatid exchange inhibition.
partially hepatectomized male rats at a dose Fresh root juice, in the drinking water of rats
of 100 mg/animal daily for 7 days, was at a dose of 300 mL animal, was active on
inactiveDC176. Chinese hamster ovary cells. The plasma
Luteal suppressant effect. Petroleum ether from the rats treated with carrot juice and
extract of the dried seed, administered sub- cyclophoshamide reduced sister chromatid
cutaneously to female rats at a dose of 0.6 exchange in DNA-repair-deficient and in
mL/animal, was activeDC164. normal human lymphocytes in the Chinese
Mutagenic activity. Methanol extract
hamster ovary cells when compared to
of the fresh root, on agar plate, was inact-
cyclophoshamide treated onlyDC128.
ive on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and
Skeletal muscle relaxant activity. Petro-
TA100DC162. Root juice, on agar plate at a
leum ether fraction chromatographed and
dose of 200 PL/mL, produced weak activity
fraction eluted with chloroform, at a con-
on Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and a
centration of 0.50 mg/mL, was inactive on
dose of 400 PL/mL was inactive on Salmo-
nella typhimurium TA98DC051. the frog rectus abdominus muscle vs ACh-
Nematocidal activity. Water extract of the induced contractionsDC226.
dried fruit, in cell culture at a concentration Skeletal muscle stimulant activity. Etha-
of 10 mg/mL, and methanol extract at a con- nol (95%) extract of the seed, at a concen-
centration of 1 mg/mL, were active on tration of 10 mg/mL, was inactive on frog
Toxacara canisDC105. rectus abdominus muscleDC020.
Oviposition stimulation. Ethanol (95%) Smooth muscle relaxant activity. Alka-
extract of the aerial parts was active on loid fraction (tertiary) of the dried seed, at a
black swallowtail butterflyDC129. concentration of 25 Pg/mL was active on
Ovulation inhibition effect. Water, etha- the rabbit and rat ileumDC166.
nol (95%), and petroleum ether extracts of Spasmogenic activity. Ethanol (95%) ex-
the seed, administered orally to rabbits at a tract of the seed, at a concentration of 1.5
dose of 100 mg/kg, were inactiveDC005. mg/mL, was active on the dog tracheal
Pheromone effect (sex attractant). Wa- chain. The extract, at a concentration of 1
ter extract of the root was active on mg/mL, was active on the guinea pig, rab-
Costelytra zealandicaDC043. bit, and rat ileum. The activity was equal to
Progesterone synthesis inhibition. Fresh approx 0.1 Pg/mL of acetylcholine. The ac-
root, on the perfused ovaries of rabbits fed a tion was blocked by atropineDC020.
carrot-rich diet, was active DC049. Spasmolytic activity. Ethanol (80%) ex-
Pro-oxidant activity. The root, at a con- tract of the aerial parts, at a concentration
centration of 1%, was active at 120q F on of 3 mg/mL, was active on the rabbit aorta
peanut oilDC096. vs K+-induced contractionsDC081.
210 MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE WORLD

Toxicity assessment. Ethanol (50%) extract DC002 Ferrando, R., M. M. Guilleux, and A.
of the root, administered intraperitoneally Guerrillot-Venet. Oestrogen content
of plants as a function of conditions of
to mice, produced LD50 500 mg/kgDC013.
culture. Nature 1961; 192: 1205.
Tumor promotion inhibition. Methanol DC003 Ahmad, Y. S. A note of the plants of
extract of the dried leaf, in cell culture at a the medicinal value found in Pakistan.
concentration of 200 Pg/disc, was inactive Govt of Pakistan Press, Karachi 1957.
on EBV vs 12-O-hexadecanoylphorbol-13- DC004 Walker, B. S., and J. C. Janney.
acetate-induced EBV activationDC217. Estrogenic substances. II. An analy-
sis of plant sources. Endocrinology
Uterine relaxation effect. Alkaloid frac- 1930; 389.
tion of the dried seed, at a concentration of DC005 Kapoor, M., S. K. Garg, and V. S.
25 Pg/mL, was active on the rat uterusDC166. Mathur. Antiovulatory activity of five
Methanol extract of the dried seed, at a con- indigenous plants in rabbits. Indian J
centration of 0.5 mg/mL, was equivocalDC221. Med Res 1974; 62: 1225–1227.
Petroleum ether fraction of the seed, DC006 Garg, S. K., and V. S. Mathur. Effects
of chromatographic fractions of Daucus
chromatographed and fraction eluted with carota (seeds) on fertility in female
chloroform, at a concentration of 0.50 mg/ albino rats. J Reprod Fertil 1972;
mL, was active on the nonpregnant rat 31: 143.
uterus vs oxytocin-induced contractionsDC226. DC007 Fitzpatrick, F. K. Plant substances
Uterine stimulant effect. Petroleum ether active against Mycobacterium tubercu-
losis. Antibiot Chemother 1954; 4: 528.
fraction of the seed, chromatographed and
DC008 Saha, J. C., E. C. Savini, and S.
fraction eluted with chloroform, at a con- Kasinathan. Ecbolic properties of
centration of 0.5 mg/mL, was active on the Indian medicinal plants. Part I. Indian
nonpregnant rat uterus vs oxytocin-induced J Med Res 1961; 49: 130–151.
contractionsDC226. Ethanol (95%) extract of DC009 Rageau, J. Les plantes medicinales de
the seed, at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, was la Nouvelle Caledonie. Trav & Doc de
Lorstom No 23, Paris 1973.
inactive on the rat uterus. The amplitude
DC010 Hilton-Simpson, M. W. Arab medi-
was diminished but not the toneDC020. cine and surgery. Oxford Univ Press,
Vasodilator activity. Alkaloid fraction Humphrey Milford, London, 1922.
(tertiary) of the dried seed, administered to DC011 Jochle, W. Menses-inducing drugs:
frog by perfusion at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg, was their role in Antique, Medieval and
active vs barium chloride-induced vasocon- Rennaissance gynecology and birth
control. Contraception 1974; 10:
strictionDC166. 425–439.
White blood cell stimulant. Root juice, DC012 Krochmal, A., and C. Krochmal. Me-
administered intraperitoneally to mice at a dicinal plants of the United States.
dose of 0.2 mL/animal, increased neutrophil Quadrangle, the New York Times
accumulation by 71%DC066. Book Co., New York 1973.
White blood cell-macrophage stimulant. DC013 Bhakuni, D. S., M. L. Dhar, B. N.
Dhawan, B. Gupta, and R. C. Srimali.
Water extract of the freeze-dried root, at a Screening of Indian plants for biologi-
concentration of 2 Pg/mL, was inactive. Ni- cal activity. Part III. Indian J Exp Biol
trite formation was used as an index of the 1971; 9: 91.
macrophage stimulating activityDC138. DC014 Hooper, D., and H. Field. Useful plants
and drugs of Iran and Iraq. Field Mus
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DAUCUS CAROTA 211

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