Research Method and Senior Project

Mekidela Amba University

College of Natural and Computational sciences
Department of Physics
By:Mequanent Abebaw
e-mail:[email protected]
Telegram:0918711455

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December 18, 2020
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 Overview

1 REFERENCES

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 BEST ANSWER

1. What are the important features of a table or diagram

included in a research report?
A. That it is easy to make.

B. That it should be readily understood and helpful.

C. That it should be colorful.

D. That it is created using SPSS

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 BEST ANSWER

1. What are the important features of a table or diagram

included in a research report?

B. That it should be readily understood and helpful.

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 QUESTION 2

2.Why are the references included in a research project?

A. To fully identify the source of information and ideas
discussed in the report

B.It is courtesy to the authors of the works that you have read.

C. To impress lecturers.

D. To keep a record of everything that you have read in writing

the report.

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 BEST ANSWER

2. Why are the references included in a research project?

A. To fully identify the source of information and ideas

discussed in the report

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 QUESTION 3

3. The abstract is:

A. a summary of all the major findings.

B. a precise of all important parts of a research report.

C. a list of criticisms of the study.

D. None of these.

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 BEST ANSWER

3.The abstract is:

B. a precise of all important parts of a research report.

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 QUESTION

4. What sort of research is coding appropriate for?

A. Qualitative.

B.Quantitative and qualitative.

C. Quantitative.

D. None of these

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 4. BEST ANSWER

What sort of research is coding appropriate for?

Coding denotes representing data in terms of numbers or categories
to make analysis easier.

B. Quantitative and qualitative.

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 QUESTION

5. In which stage of the research is the theory built?

A. Coding.

B. Categorisation.

C. Data collection.

D. All of these.

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 BEST ANSWER

5. In which stage of the research is the theory built?

D. All of these.

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 QUESTION

6. Tabulation is an orderly arrangement of data in

A. rows

B. columns

C. rows and columns

D. none of these

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 BEST ANSWER

6. Tabulation is an orderly arrangement of data in

C. rows and columns

Organization of data includes the following three things:

1. Editing- checking gathered data for accuracy, usefulness and
completeness
2. Classification- dividing of the data into different categories,
classes groups etc.
3. Tabulating- putting data in tables.

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 QUESTION

7.The value having maximum frequency

A. mean

B. mode

C. median

D. variance

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 BEST ANSWER

1. Measures of Central Tendency

The Mean: the average of a set of numbers.
The Median: the middle number of a set of numbers.
The Mode: most occurring number from a set of numbers.
7.The value having maximum frequency
B. mode

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 QUESTION

8. A list of reference used for study undertaken.

A. Index

B. Glossary

C. Bibliography

D. Appendix

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 8. BEST ANSWER

A list of reference used for study undertaken.

C. Bibliography

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 QUESTION

9. Arrange the following steps of research in correct

sequence:
1. Identification of research problem 2. Objective 3. Collection of
data 4. Methodology 5. Summary 6.Data analysis

A. 2,1,4,3,6,5

B. 1,2,4,3,6,5

C. 1,2,4,3,5,6

D. 1,2,3,4,6,5

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 BEST ANSWER

9. Arrange the following steps of research in correct

sequence
1. Identification of research problem 2. Objective 3. Collection of
data 4. Methodology 5. Summary 6.Data analysis

B. 1,2,4,3,6,5

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 QUESTION

10. In sampling, the lottery method is used for

A. theorization

B. randomization

C. interpretation

D. conceptualization

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 BEST ANSWER

10. In sampling, the lottery method is used for

B. randomization

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 QUESTION

11. Which one of the following is a non-probability

sampling?

A. simple random

B. purposive

C. systematic

D. stratified

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 BEST ANSWER

11. Which one of the following is a non-probability sampling? B.

purposive
Types of probability sampling are 1. Simple random sampling (the
lottery system, the random number table) 2. Systematic sampling 3.
Complex random sampling procedure (stratified random sampling,
cluster sampling, multistage sampling) where as
Non-probability sampling are Comprehensive (available) sampling,
Maximum variation sampling, Quota sampling, Accidental
(convenient) sampling, Purposive sampling/judgmental sampling and
snowball sampling.
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 QUESTION

12. Newton gave three basic laws of motion. This

research is categorized as
A. Evaluative

B. Basic

C. Applied

D. Descriptive

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 BEST ANSWER

12. Newton gave three basic laws of motion. This research is

categorized as B. Basic
Based on their purpose :
1 Basic Research- is also called pure or fundamental research.
-is conducted to formulate new knowledge, develop new theories,
test theories, to predict and make generalizations.
2 Applied research -is conducted to seek solutions for practical
problems.
3 Evaluation research - assesses the merits and worth of a
particular practice inResearch
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at the site(s.
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 QUESTION

13. A doctor studies the relative effectiveness of two

drugs of dengue fever. His research would be classified as
A. Descriptive survey

B.Experimental research

C. Case study

D. Ethnography

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 BEST ANSWER
13. A doctor studies the relative effectiveness of two
drugs of dengue fever. His research would be classified as
B.Experimental research

Research can be divided into the following types based

nature (or type) of the research questions
Survey research

Historical Research

Ethnographic Research

Experimental Research
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 QUESTION

14. Which one of the following is not an average?

A. mean

B. mode

C. median

D. standard deviation

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 BEST ANSWER
14. Which one of the following is not an average?
D. standard deviation

2. Measures of Variability/Dispersion-show how spread the

distribution of the scores is from the mean of the distribution, or how
much on average, scores differ from the mean.
-The Range is a measure of distance - namely the distance from the
lowest to the highest scores.
-The Standard Deviation-The greater is the spread of the scores,
the greater is the standard deviation.
-The Variance-is simplyResearch
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 QUESTION

15. Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false is:

A. alpha

B. Type I error

C. beta

D. Type II error

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 BEST ANSWER

15. Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false is:

D. Type II error

In drawing conclusions about a hypothesis two types of

error can occur:
Rejection of a null hypothesis when it is true. This known as a
Type I error.

Acceptance of a null hypothesis when it is false. This is known

as a type II error

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 QUESTION

The bar graph below represents the number of children of a random

sample of number of families. Consider Fig. 0.1 in order to answer
the next three questions.
16. Determine the relationship between the mean and
median.

A. mean = median
B. mean ≈ median
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 BEST ANSWER

16. Determine the relationship between the mean and

median.
D. mean > median
P
The mean,x = P x.f = [2(1)+3(2)+2(3)+1(4)+0(5)]
= 18
= 1.2
family [2+3+2+1+0] 15

Rank the data from the lowest to the highest scores 0 0 0 0 0 1

n+1 15+1
1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3. Since n is odd, 2
= 2
= 8. This
implies that the median is 1.

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 QUESTION

17. Calculate the mean number of children per family for

the sample from the above graph.
A. 1.91

B. 2.47

C. 3.14

D. 1.20

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 BEST ANSWER

17. Calculate the mean number of children per family for

the sample from the above graph.
P
chi.family [2(1)+3(2)+2(3)+1(4)+0(5)] 18
The mean,x = P
family
= [1+2+3+4+5]
= 15
= 1.2

D. 1.20

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 QUESTION

18. Using the graph from 16, calculate the standard

deviation.
A. 1.10

B. 1.45

C. 2.10

D. 2.17

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 BEST ANSWER 18. A. 1.10
qP
(x−x)2 (x−x)2
P
x x − x = x − 1.2 (x − x)2 N−1 N−1

x1 2 0.8 0.64 1.17 1.10

x2 3 1.8 3.24 s2
x3 3 1.8 3.24
x4 2 0.8 0.64
. . . .
. . . .
x15 0 -2 4
sum 18 16.4

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 QUESTION

19. A researcher is interested in the travel time of Utrecht

University students to college. A group of 50 students is
interviewed. Their mean travel time in 16.7 minutes. For
this study the mean of 16.7 minutes is an example of a(n)
A. Parameter

B. Statistic

C. Population

D. Sample

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 BEST ANSWER

19. A researcher is interested in the travel time of Utrecht

University students to college. A group of 50 students is
interviewed. Their mean travel time in 16.7 minutes. For
this study the mean of 16.7 minutes is an example of a(n)
B. Statistic

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 QUESTION

20. A researcher is curious about the IQ of students at

the Utrecht University. The entire group students is an
example of a:
A. Parameter

B. Statistic

C. Population

D. Sample

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 BEST ANSWER
20. C. Population

UNIVERSE (OR) POPULATION:

-is the whole set of measurements or counts about which we want to
draw conclusion.
-refers to any collection of specified group of human beings or
non-human entities such as objects, educational institutions,
geographical areas, books, chairs, etc.

SAMPLE:
is a subset of a population, a set of some of the measurements or
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 QUESTION

21. Statistical techniques that summarize and organize

the data are classified as:
A. Population statistics

B. Sample statistics

C. Descriptive statistics

D. Inferential statistics

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 BEST ANSWER 21. C. Descriptive statistics
In quantitative research, we use five broad categories of
statistics. They are:
Descriptive statistics, is used to summarize quantitative data.
Some common descriptive statistical methods include: Mean,
Median, Mode and Range.
Inferential statistics, measures the relationship (similarities and
differences) between multiple variables to generate results and infer
conclusions. Some examples of inferential statistics include;
correlation, regression, ANOVA, etc.
Analytical Statistics, Analysis is often compared between two or
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 QUESTION

22. A teacher asks students to identity their favorite

reality television show. What type of measurement scale
do the different television shows make up?
A. Nominal

B. Ordinal

C.Interval

D. Ratio

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 BEST ANSWER

22. A teacher asks students to identity their favorite

reality television show. What type of measurement scale
do the different television shows make up?
A. Nominal

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 QUESTION

23. The median is always:

A. The most frequently occurring score in a data set

B. The middle score when results are ranked in order of

magnitude

C. The same as the mean

D. The difference between the maximum and minimum scores.

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 QUESTION
24. The seminar rooms in the library are identified by the
letters A to H. A researcher records the number of classes
held in each room during the first semester. What kind of
graph would be appropriate to present the frequency
distributions of these data?
A. Histogram

B. Scatterplot

C. Bar chart

D. Box plot
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 BEST ANSWER

24. The seminar rooms in the library are identified by the

letters A to H. A researcher records the number of classes
held in each room during the first semester. What kind of
graph would be appropriate to present the frequency
distributions of these data?
C. Bar chart

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 QUESTION

25. What is the mean for the following scores: 2, 5, 4, 1,

8?
A. 3

B. 4

C. 5

D.20

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 BEST ANSWER

25. What is the mean for the following scores: 2, 5, 4, 1,

8?
B. 4

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 QUESTION
26. What is the mean for the scores shown in the
frequency distribution?
Value f
1 1
2 3
3 3
4 2
5 1

A. 1.5
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 BEST ANSWER

26. What is the mean for the scores shown in the

frequency distribution?
P
x 1+2+2+2+3+3+3+4+4+5 29
The mean,x = N
= 10
= 10 = 2.9
P
or The mean,x = Px.f = [1(1)+2(3)+3(3)+4(2)+5(1)] = 29
= 2.9
f [1+3+3+2+1] 10

C. 2.9

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 QUESTION

27. What is the median for the following scores: 2, 5, 4,

1, 8?
A. 3.5

B. 4

C. 4.5

D.7

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 BEST ANSWER
27. What is the median for the following scores: 2, 5, 4,
1, 8?
Rank the data from the lowest to the highest scores 1 2 4 5 8.

The median is 4.
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 QUESTION
28. A teacher gave a statistics test to a class of
Geography students and computed the measures of
central tendency for the test scores. Which of the
following statements cannot be an accurate itemize of the
scores?
A. The majority of students had scores above the mean.

B. The majority of students had scores above the median.

C. The majority of students had scores above the mode.

D. All of the aboveResearch

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 BEST ANSWER

28. A teacher gave a statistics test to a class of

Geography students and computed the measures of
central tendency for the test scores. Which of the
following statements cannot be an accurate itemize of the
scores?

B. The majority of students had scores above the median.

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 QUESTION

29. Which of the following sets of scores has the greatest

variability ( range)?
A. 2, 5, 8, 11

B. 13, 13, 13, 13

C. 20, 25, 26 ,27

D. 42, 43, 44, 45

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 BEST ANSWER

29. Which of the following sets of scores has the greatest

variability ( range)?
A. 2, 5, 8, 11

The range is given by Range = Maximum Score − Minimum Score

A. 11 - 2 = 9 B. 13-13=0 C. 27-20 = 7 D. 45-42 = 3
So 9 is the greatest variability

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 QUESTION
30. Which of the following statements is the most
accurate itemize for the concept of standard deviation?
A. The total distance from the smallest score to the highest
score.

B. The square root of the total distance from the smallest

score to the highest score.

C. The squared average distance between all scores and the

mean.

D. The average distance between a score and the mean.

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 BEST ANSWER

30. Which of the following statements is the most

accurate itemize for the concept of standard deviation?
D. The average distance between a score and the mean.

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 QUESTION

31. What is the variance for the following set of scores:

2, 2, 2, 2, 2
A. 0

B. 2

C. 4

D.25

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 BEST ANSWER

31. What is the variance for the following set of scores: 2, 2,

2, 2, 2
(x−x)2
P
x x −x (x − x)2 N−1
so
0
x1 2 0 0 5−1
A. 0 is the correct answer
x2 2 0 0 s2 = 0
x3 2 0 0
x4 2 0 0
x5 2 0 0
sum 10 0

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 QUESTION
32. If a researcher sets a level of significance at .05 (i.e.
5%), what does this mean?
A. Five times out of 100, a significant result will be found that
is due to chance alone and not to true relationship.

B. Ninety-five times out of 100, a significant result will be

found that is due to chance alone and not to true relationship.

C. Five times out of 100, a significant result will be found that

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 BEST ANSWER

32. If a researcher sets a level of significance at .05 (i.e.

5%), what does this mean?
A. Five times out of 100, a significant result will be found that
is due to chance alone and not to true relationship.

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 QUESTION

33. What is the correct decision in a hypothesis if the

data produce a t-statistic that is in the critical region?
A. Reject H0

B. Fail to reject H0

C. Reject H1

D. Fail to reject H1

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 BEST ANSWER

33. What is the correct decision in a hypothesis if the

data produce a t-statistic that is in the critical region?
A. Reject H0

From a t - critical table,critical t-values is determined. If

t < −criticalt − value or t > criticalt − value, reject the null
hypothesis.

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 QUESTION
34. Which of the following is true about a 95%
confidence interval of the mean of a given sample:
A.95 out of 100 sample means will fall within the limits of the
confidence interval.

B.There is a 95% chance that the population mean will fall

within the limits of the confidence interval.

C. 95 out of 100 population means will fall within the limits of

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 BEST ANSWER

34. Which of the following is true about a 95%

confidence interval of the mean of a given sample:

B.There is a 95% chance that the population mean will fall

within the limits of the confidence interval.

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 QUESTION

35. Which statistical test is used to identify whether

there is a relationship between two categorical variables?
A. Student’s t-test.

B. Spearman’s correlation test.

C. Pearson’s Chi-square test.

D. Mann-Whitney test.

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 BEST ANSWER

35. Which statistical test is used to identify whether

there is a relationship between two categorical variables?
C. Pearson’s Chi-square test.

A chi-square test is used when you want to see if there is a

relationship between two categorical variables.
Spearmans correlation coefficient is a statistical measure of the
strength of a monotonic relationship between paired data.

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 QUESTION

36. What does ANOVA stand for?

A. Analysis of values and averages.

B. Analysis of variance.

C. Analysis of variability.

D. Analysis of non ordinal values.

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 BEST ANSWER

36. What does ANOVA stand for?

B. Analysis of variance.

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 QUESTION

37. A Pearson correlation of r=-0.6 indicates

A. An increase in X is accompanied by an increase in Y; the
relationship is strong.

B. An increase in X is accompanied by an increase in Y; the

relationship is moderate.

C. An increase in X is accompanied by a decrease in Y; the

relationship is strong.

D. An increase in X is accompanied by a decrease in Y; the

relationship is moderate.
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 BEST ANSWER

Correlation Coefficient- is an index that describes the extent to

which two variables are related and it is between -1.0 and + 1.0.
Positive Relationship-When both variables increases or
decreases simultaneously the relationship will be positive.
Negative Relationship-if the quantity (value) of one variable
decreases as the value of the other increases or vice versa,
When there is no relationship between two variables, the
correlation coefficient will be zero or near zero.
Answer. D. An increase in X is accompanied by a decrease in Y; the
relationship is moderate. Research Method and Senior Project
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 QUESTION

38. Which one of the following variables is not

categorical?
A. Age of a person.

B. Gender of a person: male or female.

C. Choice on a test item: true or false.

D. Marital status of a person (single, married, divorced, other)

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 BEST ANSWER

38. Which one of the following variables is not

categorical?
A. Age of a person.

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 QUESTION

39. A list of 5 pulse rates is: 70, 64, 80, 74, 92. What is
the median for this list?
A. 74

B. 76

C. 77

D. 80

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 BEST ANSWER

39. A list of 5 pulse rates is: 70, 64, 80, 74, 92. What is
the median for this list?
A. 74

Rank the data from the lowest to the highest scores 64 70 74 80

n+1 5+1
92 Since n is odd, 2
= 2
= 3. This implies that the median is
74.

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 QUESTION

40. The concept of ’variables’:

A. has always been used in psychology.

B. is derived from biology.

C. is derived from physics.

D. is derived from statistics.

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 BEST ANSWER

40. The concept of ’variables’:

D. is derived from statistics.

A variable in research simply refers to a person, place, thing, or

phenomenon that you are trying to measure in some way.

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 QUESTION

41. Which of the following are the most similar?

A. Nominal, ordinal and ratio data

B. Nominal and ratio data

C. Nominal, ratio, and interval data

D.. Ordinal, interval and ratio data

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 BEST ANSWER

41. Which of the following are the most similar?

D. Ordinal, interval and ratio data

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 QUESTION

42. What sort of data is income?

A. Nominal

B. Ratio

C. Interval

D. Ordinal

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 BEST ANSWER

42. What sort of data is income?

B. Ratio

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 QUESTION

43. What sort of variable is dress size?

A. Ordinal

B.. Ratio

C. Nominal

D. Dependent

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 BEST ANSWER

43. What sort of variable is dress size?

A. Ordinal

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 1 Nominal level
You can categorize your data by labeling them in mutually
exclusive groups, but there is no order between the categories.
Examples City of birth Gender Ethnicity Car brands Marital
status
2 Ordinal level
You can categorize and rank your data in an order, but you
cannot say anything about the intervals between the rankings.
Although you can rank the top 5 Olympic medallists, this scale
does not tell you how close or far apart they are in number of
wins. Examples Top 5 Olympic medallists Language ability (e.g.,
beginner, intermediate, fluent) Likert-type questions (e.g., very
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 3. Interval level
You can categorize, rank, and infer equal intervals between
neighboring data points, but there is no true zero point. The
difference between any two adjacent temperatures is the same:
one degree. But zero degrees is defined differently depending on
the scale it doesnt mean an absolute absence of temperature.
The same is true for test scores and personality inventories. A
zero on a test is arbitrary; it does not mean that the test-taker
has an absolute lack of the trait being measured. Examples Test
scores (e.g., IQ or exams) Personality inventories Temperature in
Fahrenheit or Celsius
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 4. Ratio level
You can categorize, rank, and infer equal intervals between
neighboring data points, and there is a true zero point. A true
zero means there is an absence of the variable of interest. In
ratio scales, zero does mean an absolute lack of the variable.
For example, in the Kelvin temperature scale, there are no
negative degrees of temperature zero means an absolute lack of
thermal energy. Examples Height Age Weight Temperature in
Kelvin

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 QUESTION
44. A study is conducted in which participants are
recruited from local sixth form colleges in the north-east
of the UK. The study takes place on a Tuesday so only
those in college on that day take part. What sort of
sample is this?
A. A representative sample.

B. Convenience sample.

C. A random sample.

D. None of these.
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 BEST ANSWER

44. A study is conducted in which participants are

recruited from local sixth form colleges in the north-east
of the UK. The study takes place on a Tuesday so only
those in college on that day take part. What sort of
sample is this?
B. Convenience sample.

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 QUESTION
45. Which of the following lists presents the sections of a
research report in the correct order?
1= Title page, 2= Abstract, 3= Title, 4=Introduction, 5=Method,
6=Results, 7=Discussion, 8=Conclusion, 9=Appendices,
10=References

A.1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

B.. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,9

C. 1,3,2,4,5,6,7,8,10,9

D. 1,3,2,5,4,6,7,8,10,9
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 BEST ANSWER

45. Which of the following lists presents the sections of a

research report in the correct order?
1= Title page, 2= Abstract, 3= Title, 4=Introduction, 5=Method,
6=Results, 7=Discussion, 8=Conclusion, 9=Appendices,
10=References

A.1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

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 QUESTION

46. In what tense is it suggested that the introduction

should be written?
A. Present.

B. Past.

C. Future.

D. None of these.

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 BEST ANSWER

46. In what tense is it suggested that the introduction

should be written?
B. Past.

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 QUESTION

47. When would you write an abstract?

A. After the main body of the report has been drafted.

B. Once you are aware of the results.

C. Before the introduction and after the title.

D. After the introduction and method sections are completed.

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 BEST ANSWER

47. When would you write an abstract?

A. After the main body of the report has been drafted.

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 QUESTION

48. What does the results section highlight?

A. Outcome of data analysis.

B. Psychological interpretation of the statistical findings.

C. The success of the study.

D. All of these.

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 BEST ANSWER

48. What does the results section highlight?

A. Outcome of data analysis.

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 QUESTION

49. Which of the following contains no mistakes:

A. (Smithfield, 2007; Taylor , 2008; TaylorandGregson, 2004b)

B. (Sydney , 2003; Jones, 1999a)

C. (Richards, etal; 2008)

D. (Simmons&Gerard, 2006; YoungandEpstein, 2007)

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 BEST ANSWER

49. Which of the following contains no mistakes:

A. (Smithfield, 2007; Taylor , 2008; TaylorandGregson, 2004b)

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 THE REFERENCE SECTION
Anastasi, A. 1976. Psychological Testing. 4th ed. New York:
Collier Macmillan International edition.

Ebel, R.L and Frisbie, D.A. 1991. Essentials of Educational

Measurement. 5th ed. New Jersy: Prentice Hall. Beck, C. A.
J., & Sales, B. D. 2001. Family mediation: Facts, myths,
and future prospects. Washington, DC: American
Psychological Association.

Wanna, L.; Beyene, B. and Belete, D. 1995. The Evaluation

of Three Vocational /Technical/ Programs in Region
Three. Addis Ababa:
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 QUESTION

50. Normally, where in a research report are the

hypotheses justified to the reader?
A. In the introduction.

B. In the discussion.

C. In the conclusions.

D. None of these.

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 BEST ANSWER

50. Normally, where in a research report are the

hypotheses justified to the reader?
A. In the introduction.

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 REFERENCES

[1]Paler-Calmorin, Laurentina. Methods of Research and Thesis

Writing, 2006. .
[2]Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines Temechegn Engida.
Educational Research Methods, 2008.
[3]Louis Cohen, Lawrence Manion and Keith Morrison. Research
Methods in Education 5TH ed.,. Routledge Falmer, London,
2000.
[4]Judith Bell. Doing Your Research Project (3rd Edition). Open
University Press, United Kingdom, 1999.
[5]Joseph Gibaldi. MLA
([email protected]
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