NINOY AQUINO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

COMPANY BACKGROUND

Manila Ninoy Aquino International Airport (IATA: MNL, ICAO: RPLL), which is also known
under its codename ‘Nichols Field’ (Nichols), started its operation in 1935 in Grace Park, Caloocan.
Initially was used by the Philippine Air Lines (Philippine Aerial Taxi Company back then) for the
domestic flights only. In July 1937, the airport became the hub for the flights to Manila. Only in 1948, the
airport was moved to the nowadays site ‘Nichols Field/Nichols Air Base’ which was established in 1919
and later on became the home for the Philippine Air Force (PAF). In September 1961 the 1st official
terminal for international flights was built, however, was damaged by the fire back in 1972. Therefore,
the smaller terminal was constructed on its place as a temporary solution until 1981, when Terminal 1 (as
it is known now) was built to manage all international flights. In August 1987 the Terminal 1 was named
after Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr., leader of an opposition movement, who was assassinated at the
Manila International Airport in 1983 after returning from his self-imposed exile in the United States. In
1998 Terminal 2 (the Centennial Terminal) was constructed and the construction coincided with the
100th anniversary of the Philippines Declaration of Independence from Spain. Earlier in 1997, the
construction of Terminal 3 was approved, however, it has started its partial operation only in 2008 due to
some technical and legal issues.

Ninoy Aquino International Airport or NAIA formerly known and still commonly referred to
as Manila International Airport (IATA: MNL, ICAO: RPLL) as well as by its codename Nichols
Field (Nichols), is the airport serving Manila and its surrounding metropolitan area. Located along the
border between the cities of Pasay and Parañaque, about 7 kilometers south of Manila proper and
southwest of Makati. NAIA is the main international gateway for travelers to the Philippines and serves
as a hub for AirAsia Philippines, Cebgo, Cebu Pacific, PAL Express, and Philippine Airlines. It is
managed by the Manila International Airport Authority (MIAA), a branch of the Department of
Transportation. Officially, NAIA is the only airport serving the Manila area. However, in practice, both
NAIA and Clark International Airport, located in the Clark Freeport Zone in Pampanga, serve the Manila
area, with Clark catering mostly to low-cost carriers because of its lower landing fees compared to those
charged at NAIA. In the recent past there have been calls for Clark to replace NAIA eventually as the
primary airport of the Philippines. The airport is named after the late Senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr.
who was assassinated at the airport in 1983. In 2018, all terminals at NAIA handled a record-breaking
annual passenger traffic of 45,082,544, an increase of 6.79% from the previous year. It will be replaced
by two new airports, the New Manila International Airport, which is located in Bulacan, to serve both
Metro Manila and Central Luzon, and Sangley Point Airport, which is located on a reclaimed land
in Cavite City, Cavite. After the completion of the two new airports that will serve Metro Manila and its
surrounding regions, NAIA will then be developed into a new central business district or into a free
public housing complex in Metro Manila. The original airport that served Manila, Grace Park Airfield,
also known as Manila North, was opened in 1935 in Grace Park, Caloocan. It was the city's first
commercial airport, and was used by Philippine Aerial Taxi Company (later Philippine Airlines) for its
first domestic routes. In July 1937, Manila International Air Terminal located in the 45-hectare
(4,800,000 sq ft) Nielson Airport was inaugurated and had served as the gateway to Manila. Its runways
of which now form Ayala Avenue and Paseo de Roxas in Makati. In 1948, following Philippine
independence, the airport was moved to its current site adjacent to the Villamor Airbase, which was then
called Nichols Field due to the reasons of less terrain slope, expansive land area in the new site, and the
USAF base runway which can be used for the airport. The original structure was built on what is now the
site of Terminal 2.
SERVICES OFFERED

WIFI
Free Wi-Fi is available at Manila Airport in 30-minute sessions. After that, it is possible to
reconnect since there isn’t a limited number of re-connections.

ATMS
ATMs are widely available throughout the terminals.

CURRENCY EXCHANGE
There are several banks that offer currency exchange services in Manila Airport available in both
Departures and Arrivals of all terminals.

PRAYERS AREAS
Find several prayer areas for all the confessions in NAIA Airport.
There are Christian chapels, Muslim prayer rooms and Our Lady of the Airways Parish Church.

LOST & FOUNDS

Have you lost an item in Manila Airport? In that case, please, contact the Lost & Found Office:
Phone: +63 2 877-1109

Location: Locals 2863/3219/4198/3041

BABY CARE FACILITIES

There are nursing rooms in NAIA Terminals equipped with playpens, bottle warmers, diapers,
among others.

LOCATIONS:
NAIA Terminal 1: Departures area
NAIA Terminal 2: Airside, in both North and South Wings
NAIA Terminal 3: In both Domestic and International pre-departures area
NAIA Terminal 4: Pre-departures area

INFORMATION DESK
In case you need information about Manila Airport or any of its services, there are information
desks in all terminals.

LUGGAGE STORAGE
In NAIA Terminal 3 there is the luggage storage with the following rates:

SMALL LUGGAGE
PHP 150 for the first 3 hours
After 3 yours, PHP 300 per day

LARGE LUGGAGE
PHP 200 for the first 3 hours
After 3 yours, PHP 350 per day

MEDICAL SERVICES
 Medical care is available 24-hours a day in NAIA Terminals.

SMOKING AREAS
There are several smoking areas along Manila Airport:

NAIA Terminal 1: Close to the transit lounge in Arrivals

NAIA Terminal 2: The Tinderbox, Departures level
NAIA Terminal 3: Third level, multiple locations
NAIA Terminal 4: There aren’t indoor lounges

POST OFFICE
The Airport’s post office let passengers send last minute letters and postcards.

LOCATIONS:
NAIA Terminal 1: Arrivals lobby
NAIA Terminal 2: South Wing
Service hours: 08:00 am to 05:00 pm, Monday to Friday.

OTHER SERVICES
Help desk
Day rooms
Baggage trolleys
Children’s area
Food and drink
Pharmacy
Food, drink and retail concessions
Phone booths
Hotel information
Restrooms
Duty free stores
Airport user charge

AIRPORT HOTEL

PASSENGERS LODGING FACILITY

In NAIA Terminal 1 there is the Passengers Lodging Facility, where to relax and freshen up.
There are air-conditioned rooms on the fourth level.
Please note that day rooms will be available in the near future.
Rates start at PHP 1,680 for 24 hours.

WINGS TRANSIT LOUNGE

At the fourth level of NAIA Terminal 3, there is the Wings Transit Lounge, a 24-hour hotel with
17 sleep capsules, twin rooms and a family room, also equipped with showers and spa and
massage area.
STATEMENT OF THE GENERAL PROBLEM & THE SUB-PROBLEMS
All challenges confronting engineering planning and program operations NAIA-wide are brought
to the OAGME for appropriate address and resolution. Delays that may be encountered in terminal
building and maintenance projects are prevented through the close observance of schedules, prompt
delivery of supplies, and proper fielding of labor. This facilitates the movement of resources, such as the
transfer of workers from one terminal to another terminal in need of additional workforce. The ranking of
Manila’s international airport was based on reviews of travelers who complained, among other things, of
safety concerns, lack of comfortable seating, rude staff, hostile security, poor facilities, no (or few) services
to pass the time, bribery, being kicked out and general hassles of being in the airport. And also, NAIA have
a technical issue that cause the delaying of flights. The Manila International Airport Authority (MIAA)
said some airlines' lack of coordination worsened flight delays and cancellations at the Ninoy Aquino
International Airport (NAIA). The delays and cancellations were triggered by a mishap involving a
Xiamen Air plane, which skidded off the NAIA runway late Thursday night, August 16. The runway was
temporarily closed, and was only reopened late Saturday morning, August 18. The incident led to a
domino effect on flights across the 4 NAIA terminals, with cancellations reported until Sunday, August
19. And the poor security condition of NAIA that may cause a trouble or different kinds of incident or
crime that may harm the tourist or the people around the NAIA.

SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTH

Excellent employee relations lead to higher ticket sales as they all work as a team
Carefully considers each applicant so that they are sure to hire the best employees which leads to
excellent service for their customers
Highly recognized company
Carries international flights to further destinations

WEAKNESSES

Some under developed areas

Lack of organizational service
Poor service, prone to bad press
Financial condition

OPPORTUNITIES

Cooperation with another region

Increased tourism
Expanding services to include services for leisure or business classes
Expansion into international and other national markets

THREATS

Entrance for bad people

Terrorist threats causing less people to be willing to fly
Fuel price volatility
Accidental problems during flights
ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTIONS

In the wake of airport capacity constraints, following alternative solutions have been examined;

1. Upgrading CRK to a Gateway Airport; and

2. Capacity enhancement of NAIA

1. UPGRADING CRK

There exists a large-scale development plan named ³Clark Green City´, which is a new project
converting the area into a new urban area. When ³Clark Green City´ development is realized, Metro Clark
is also coming out in the future, and CRK is expected to accommodate the future air traffic demand
induced from Metro Clark and northern Luzon area.

Passenger terminal building of CRK was expanded in 2013 with a capacity to accommodate 4.5
million passengers per annum, and also there is a plan to build a new budget terminal building with 15
million passenger capacity as well. CRK airport property area is approx. 2,340 ha, sufficient for
developing airport facilities of a gateway airport, and therefore, CRK has a large potential to
accommodate the passenger and cargo demand spilled over from NAIA, on condition that travel time
would significantly become predictable.

2. CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT OF NAIA

NAIA has been experiencing its runway capacity limitations during peak hours. General aviation
(GA) is also being accommodated at NAIA. Because of the significant difference in the aircraft speed
between the commercial and GA aircraft as well as wider separation space between large and GA aircraft,
mixed operations of GA and commercial jet aircraft give adverse influence for maximization of runway
capacity. Although NAIA’s runway capacity has nearly reached its limit, there are some spaces to
accommodate flights in the early morning and late evening because of insufficient air navigation and
aeronautical ground lights facilities at local airports. In case these deficiencies at local airports are
improved, the vacant slots during early morning and late evening could be utilized.

There is possibility for international direct flights between foreign airports and local airports in
the Philippines, because of the attractiveness of local areas such as Cebu and Bohol in Visayas, among
others, after development of local airports. Financial incentive may somehow induce airlines to move to
CRK instead of NAIA operation, but it is likely not to attract many airlines to move to CRK if this
incentive measure is applied alone. Some other measures such as ease of taxation in case of the airline’s
utilization of CRK instead of NAIA, or in case of new airline’s entrance to the market etc., it may make
synergy influence.

The multiple alternatives or courses of action can be done by NAIA to be more competitive in the
market and increase customer loyalty, customer satisfaction is an important factor for an airline company
because it can also increase the loyalty of the customer. They also, need to promote more affordable
promo using social media to make the customer easily know that they have different affordable promo.
RECOMMENDATION

A. The GRP should prioritize investments in airport terminal, runway, and communication facilities.
There is a need for an NCR/Central Luzon Transportation Master Plan that includes a strategy for
development, until mid-century, of the major gateway airport(s) as well as minor airports. The plan
should include ground rail and road transport infrastructure linking the airports and cities, including major
ports. (Medium-term action DOTC and NEDA)

B. There should be only one international airport per region, with existing airports converted into
international airports, in preference over building new airports. (Medium-term action by DOTC and
NEDA)

C. Outside Central Luzon, priority should be given to Laguindingan in Northern Mindanao. At Mactan,
the runway should be extended and high-speed ferry links to Tagbilaran increased rather than creating a
new airport at Panglao. (Medium-term action DOTC and NEDA)

D. Make Clark an alternative gateway to Manila/NAIA.75 Eventually make Clark the primary

international gateway and NAIA the secondary, but still the primary domestic hub.76 Connect with a
high-speed rail line (see Map 1). (Long-term action DOTC and NEDA)

E. The local Expropriation Court should quickly decide the amount due to NAIA T-3 investors. Subject to
needed repairs and additional construction, begin to fully utilize the terminal for growing domestic traffic
and for regional traffic using narrow body aircraft. (If widebody aircraft are to use T-3, a new taxiway
should be built separate form domestic runway 13-31.) (Immediate action DOT and DOJ with private
sector)

F. Because T-1 is closest to international runway 06-24 and the international cargo terminals,  T-1 should
undergo phased renovation for continued use by long-distance widebody aircraft. T-1 should eventually
be connected to T-2 to allow domestic to international transfer between buildings.77 (Medium-term
action DOTC)

G. A new fuel depot for NAIA is needed as the current depot leaks and is too close to T-1 and T-2.
(Medium-term action DOTC)

REFERENCE:
"TODAY IN HISTORY: Ninoy Aquino assassinated at airport". InterAksyon.com. Archived from the
original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved August 4, 2014.

"Airport Statistics" (PDF). Manila International Airport Authority. Retrieved January 24, 2020.

"Busiest Airports in 2016". Philippine Air Space (Blog). Retrieved April 3, 2017.

"MIAA reports significant hike in air travelers’ traffic". Manila Standard. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
 
"The airport as a cultural and functional showcase: Case of the Ninoy Aquino International
Airport" (PDF). Retrieved September 13, 2014.

"Republic Act No. 6639". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. November 27, 1987.
Archived from the original on January 23, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
https://www.mnlairport.com/history#:~:text=Manila%20Ninoy%20Aquino%20International%20Airport
%20(IATA%3A%20MNL%2C%20ICAO%3A,for%20the%20domestic%20flights%20only.