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Lecture 5 First Aid Fractures

This document provides information on common orthopedic injuries including fractures, dislocations, strains, and sprains. It describes the causes, signs and symptoms, and general first aid management for each type of injury. For fractures, first aid includes immobilization with splints and urgent referral for further treatment. Dislocations should also be immobilized and the patient referred without attempting to reposition the bones. Strains and sprains are treated with RICE therapy - rest, ice, compression, and elevation of the injured area.

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66 views16 pages

Lecture 5 First Aid Fractures

This document provides information on common orthopedic injuries including fractures, dislocations, strains, and sprains. It describes the causes, signs and symptoms, and general first aid management for each type of injury. For fractures, first aid includes immobilization with splints and urgent referral for further treatment. Dislocations should also be immobilized and the patient referred without attempting to reposition the bones. Strains and sprains are treated with RICE therapy - rest, ice, compression, and elevation of the injured area.

Uploaded by

Mohamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FIRST AID

LECTURE FIVE
BY
PROF. A. EMAD OMAR ZAKI
FALL 2020
FRACTURES
Description: Is a breakage of bone
tissue or discontinuation of bone
tissue due to different causes or
accidents.
Possible cause:
1. Accident / trauma
2. pathological due to bone infection
3. Tumor of the bone
Types of Fracture
• closed
• open
Sings and symptoms of fracture:
protruding of the parts

- Swelling - impositions

-Deformity - Unable to function

-Numbness or tingling sensation


- Patient

may shout due to severe pain

-Discoloration
Complications

Immediate complications

• - Hemorrhage/ bleeding

• - Severe pain

• - Hypotension ( shock) due to


bleeding
Complications

Late complications

• Disability

• Disfiguring

• Deformity

• Malunion

• Delay in union
General First aid management of
Fracture

Assess carefully but be fast


• Check respiratory condition
• Check bleeding / hemorrhage
• Consider the amount of loss
• Determine and arrange referral
• Asphyxia, bleeding, and severe wounds
must be dealt with before treating any
fracture
General First aid management of
Fracture

• Support the injured part with


supporting device, immobilize the
fracture, bandaging and use splints

• Refer the patient to hospital urgently

NB: Proper immobilization is important to


prevent further trauma, pain and
complications.
DISLOCATION
Definition:- When bone is no more in
an anatomical position or the
displacement of one or more bone at
a joint.
Cause:-
-Strong force acts directly or indirectly
on a joint
- Sudden muscular contraction
N.B:- Joints which are most frequently
dislocated are - shoulder, elbow,
thumb, finger, Jaw
DISLOCATION
Signs and symptoms

- Pain, near the joint, victim cannot


move it, deformity, abnormal
appearance, swelling and brusis are
usually present
First aid and manage
- support and secure the part in most
comfortable position
- obtain medical aid at once
- Do not attempt to replace the bones to
normal position
Note: - The causes,
- The signs and symptoms
- First aid management, quite similar to
fracture.
NB. Do not delay to refer patient with
fracture or dislocation since proper
investigation and management is done at
hospital
STRAIN
Definition: over stretching of muscles
due to over pulling of muscles.
Causes:
• • Lack of pre- exercise before doing
sport activity
• • Lifting of heavy loads
• • Lifting of heavy weight
• • The most common one is back strain.
Signs and symptoms

􀂃 Pain (sudden sharp pain at the


site of the injury)

􀂃 Stiffness of muscles

􀂃 Difficulty in moving the affected


parts
Management and First Aid
Place the victim in the most comfortable
position

Cold compress during fracture phase


Warm compress (physiotherapy)

If not improved refer the victim

In case of back strain use a hard board


under the bed or lay the victim down on a
firm surface
SPRAIN
Definition: An injury which occurs at
a joints when the ligaments and
tissue around particular joints are
suddenly twisting or torn.
􀂃 Sprain is more severe than strain
􀂃 It usually happens or occurs at joint
especially at ankle joint.
􀂃 It might involve bone (broken)
􀂃 Sprain is also tearing of ligaments
Signs and symptoms
Pain especially on movement
Swelling
Loss of movement
Treatment:
-Raise the limb
-Put on a cold compress
-Renew the compresses when they get warm
and dry
-Support the joint in most comfortable
position with bandage
-Bandage firmly with figure of eight
bandage
- Refer for further treatment
THANK YOU

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