In 

telecommunications, cable Internet access, often called simply cable Internet, is a form of broadband Internet access that uses the cable
televisioninfrastructure. Like digital subscriber line and fiber to the premises services, cable Internet access provides network edge connectivity
(last mile access) from theInternet service provider to an end user. It is integrated into the cable television infrastructure analogously to DSL which
uses the existing telephone network. Cable TV networks and telecommunications networks are the two predominant forms of residential Internet
access. Recently, both have seen increased competition fromfiber deployments, wireless, and mobile networks.

Contents
 [hide]

1 Hardware and bit

rates

2 Shared bandwidth

3 Bundled service

offerings

4 See also

5 References

[edit]Hardware and bit rates

Broadband cable Internet access requires a cable modem at the customer's premises and a cable modem termination system at a cable
operator facility, typically a cable television headend. The two are connected via coaxial cable or a Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) plant. While access
networks are sometimes referred to aslast-mile technologies, cable Internet systems can typically operate where the distance between the modem
and the termination system is up to 100 miles (160 km). If the HFC network is large, the cable modem termination system can be grouped into
hubs for efficient management.

Downstream, the direction toward the user, bit rates can be as much as 400 megabits per second for business connections, and 100Mbit/s for
residential service in some countries. Upstream traffic, originating at the user, ranges from 384Kbit/s to more than 20Mbit/s. One downstream
channel can handle hundreds of cable modems. As the system grows, the cable modem termination system (CMTS) can be upgraded with more
downstream and upstream ports, and grouped into hubs CMTS for efficient management.

Most Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) cable modems restrict upload and download rates, with customizable limits.
These limits are set in configuration files which are downloaded to the modem using the Trivial File Transfer Protocol, when the modem first
establishes a connection to the provider's equipment.[1] Some users have attempted to override the bandwidth cap and gain access to the full
bandwidth of the system (often as much as 30 Mbit/s), by uploading their own configuration file to the cable modem - a process called uncapping.
Uncapping is almost always a violation of the Terms of Serviceagreement.[2]

[edit]Shared bandwidth
Like most residential broadband technologies, such as FTTX, Satellite Internet, or WiMAX, a population of users share the available bandwidth.
Some technologies share only their core network, while some including Cable Internet and PON also share the access network. This arrangement
allows the network operator to take advantage of statistical multiplexing, a bandwidth sharing technique which is employed to distribute bandwidth
fairly, in order to provide an adequate level of service at an acceptable price. However, the operator has to monitor usage patterns and scale the
network appropriately, to ensure that customers receive adequate service even during peak-usage times. If the network operator does not provide
enough bandwidth for a particular neighborhood, the service can become sluggish if many people are using the service at the same time.
Operators have been known to use a bandwidth cap, or other bandwidth throttling technique; users' download speed is limited during peak times,
if they have downloaded a large amount of data that day.[3]

[edit]Bundled service offerings

Many cable TV Internet access providers offer Internet access without tying it to a cable television subscription, but stand-alone cable internet is
purposefully provided at higher rates—the extra cost is said to cover the cable line access[citation needed] much like phone companies charge a small
line-access fee for havingDSL Internet service without a phone subscription. There are those who allege that the higher stand-alone rates are not
so much to more efficiently cover actually-increased cost as it is to compel the customer to bundle it with a cable television subscription (and thus
to buy or lease a television receiver from the company). In the instances where a cable internet customer insists on using stand-alone cable
internet, the cable TV signals are often removed by filtering at the line tap outside the customer's premises.
Meanwhile, internet service providers (ISP) who purchase and then re-sell high-speed Internet access from, or through, cable companies[who?] are
generally not subject to the cable companies' higher rates, and thus can pass on regular-market-rate cable internet to their end-user customers
(giving the appearance of a "lower price"). Billing for such ISP-sponsored cable internet services is still handled by the cable company, albeit on
behalf of the ISP.[citation needed]

[edit]See also

 List of cable Internet providers

 Cable modem
 Triple play (telecommunications)

[hide]

  v · d · e

Internet access

Wired Wireless

Network
type
Coaxial Twisted
Optical Phone line Power line Unlicensed terrestrial bands Licensed terrestrial bands Satellite
cable pair

G.hn  · HomePlug
Wi-Fi · Bluetooth · DECT 
LAN Ethernet G.hn Ethernet HomePNA  ·G.hn Powerline
·Wireless USB
Alliance

WAN PON ·Etherne DOCSIS Ethernet Dial-up ·ISDN ·  BPL Muni Wi-Fi GPRS · iBurst · WiBro/WiMAX · UMTS- Satellite
 t DSL TDD, HSPA · EVDO · LTE

PTO
PTO
RE: Internet Access via TV cable Network

Demand for the high-speed (or broad band) internet access for fast web browsing and more effective telecommuting.
India has a cable penetration of 80 million homes, offering a vast network for leveraging the internet access. Cable TV
has a strong reach to the homes and therefore offering the Internet through cable could be a scope for furthering the
growth of internet usage in the homes. The cable is an alternative medium for delivering the Internet services in the US,
there are already a million homes with cable modems, enabling the high-speed internet access over cable. In India, we
are in the initial stages. We are experiencing innumerable local problems in Mumbai, Bangalore and Delhi, along with an
acute shortage of international Internet connectivity. Accessing the Internet on the public switched telephone networks
(PSTN) still has a lot of problems. Such as drops outs its takes along time to download or upload large files one has to
pay both for the Internet connectivity as well as for telephone usages during that period. Since it is technically possible to
offer higher bandwidth by their cable, home as well as corporate users may make like it. Many people cannot afford a PC
At their premises. Hardware obsolescence in the main problem to the home user who cannot afford to upgrade his PC
every year and Cable TV based ISP solution s offer an economic alternative. A cable modem transmits digital data down
your coaxial cable line in much the same way as it currently transmits television signals. When data is sent to you (as
when you download a file or mail) digital data is modulated and placed on a 6 MHz television carrier signal. Two popular
technologies used to do this are QPSK (up to 10 Mbps) and QAM64 (up to 36 Mbps). This signal can be put in 6 MHz
channels alongside TV signals without destroying signal cable channel signal and a spectrum of frequencies will have to
be dedicated to carry data from the user to the Internet. Sending data requires a frequency spectrum between 5 and 40
MHz In addition to this, one-way amplifiers used for boosting cable signals along the network will have to be replaced by
two-way amplifiers that will be smart enough to pick out input and output signals and amplify the correct frequency range
for each. and the cable company should have an IP Router that will take care of accurate reception of all signals from
outside and of routing signals to the Internet. and Internet is a network of networks in which various computers connect
each other through out the world. The connection to other computers is possible with the help of ISP (Internet Service
Provider). Each Internet users depend dialup connections to connect to Internet. This has many disadvantages like very
poor speed, may time cut downs etc. To solve this problem, Internet data can be transferred through Cable
networks wired to the user computer. Internet via Cable networks has Various advantages like High availability, High
bandwidth to low cost, high speed data access, always on connectivity etc. The huge growth in the number of Internet
users every year has resulted in the traffic congestion on the net resulting in slower and expensive Internet access. As
cable TV has a strong reach to homes, it is the best medium for providing the Internet to house - holds with faster access
at feasible rates. There is a higher demand from residential and business customers, especially in the last few years, for

Reference: http://www.seminarprojects.com/Thread-internet-access-via-tv-cable-network#ixzz1DHKEimb3