The Hall of Shame: How Bad Science can cause Real Harm in Real Life

"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."

― Socrates

By

Manjunath.R

#16/1, 8th Main Road, Shivanagar, Rajajinagar, Bangalore560010, Karnataka, India

*Corresponding Author Email: manjunath5496@gmail.com

*Website: http://www.myw3schools.com/
 The Hall of Shame: How Bad Science can cause Real Harm in Real Life

There are no qualms in accepting the fact that − in the past − things were different from what they are now.
Even though science transformed extensively from our personal laptops, tablets, and phones to behind-the-
scenes technology, it is yet a continuing effort to discover and increase human knowledge and understanding.
Science is ubiquitous and has made very rapid progress and completely transformed outwardly the manner of
our living — allowing us to develop new technologies, solve practical problems, and make informed
decisions — both individually and collectively. In its pursuit of excellence, it has lead to pollution,
environmental crisis, greater violence, sorrow, tension, new pathogenic diseases, chemical and biological war
to name a few. On the one hand, Science (a system of acquiring knowledge based on scientific method and
research) has been a boon to mankind and on the other hand, it has also proved to be a cause of great distress
or annoyance.

"Although Nature needs thousands or millions of years to create a new species, man needs only a few dozen
years to destroy one."
: Victor Scheffer

We humans, who began as a mineral and then emerged into plant life and into the animal state and then to
being aggressive mortal beings who fought a survival struggle in caveman days, to get more food, territory
or partner with whom to reproduce, now are glued to the TV set, marveling at the adventures of science and
their dazzling array of futuristic technology from teleportation to telekinesis: rocket ships, fax machines,
supercomputers, a worldwide communications network, gas-powered automobiles and high-speed elevated
trains. The science has opened up an entirely new world for us. And our lives have become easier and more
comfortable. With the help of science we have estimated about 8,000 chemotherapeutic exogenous non-
nutritive chemical substances which when taken in the solid form by the mouth enter the digestive tract
and there they are transformed into a solution and passed on to the liver where they are chemically altered
and finally released into the blood stream. And through blood they reach the site of action and binds
reversibly to the target cell surface receptors to produce their pharmacological effect. And after their

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pharmacological effect they slowly detaches from the receptor. And then they are sent to the liver. And
there they are transformed into a more water soluble compound called metabolite and released from the body
through urine, sweat, saliva, and excretory products. However, the long term use of chemotherapeutic drugs
for diseases like cancer, diabetes leads to side effects. And the side effects — including nausea, loss of hair,
loss of strength, permanent organ damage to the heart, lung, liver, kidneys, or reproductive system etc. — are
so severe that some patients rather die of disease than subjecting themselves to this torture.

And smallpox (an acute contagious disease caused by the variola virus, a member of the orthopoxvirus
family) was a leading cause of death in 18th century, and the inexorable spread of the disease reliably
recorded the death rate of some hundred thousand people. And the death toll surpassed 5000 people a day.
Yet Edward Jenner, an English physician, noticed something special occurring in his small village.
People who were exposed to cowpox did not get smallpox when they were exposed to the disease.
Concluding that cowpox could save people from smallpox, Edward purposely infected a young boy who
lived in his village first with cowpox, then with smallpox. Fortunately, Edward's hypothesis worked well.
He had successfully demonstrated the world’s first vaccine and eradicated the disease. And vaccines which
once saved humanity from the smallpox (which was a leading cause of death in 18th-century England), now
have associated with the outbreaks of diseases like pertussis (whooping cough) which have begun showing
up in the United States in the past forty years.

TOP 5 DRUGS WITH REPORTED SIDE EFFECTS

(Withdrawn from market in September 2004)

 Drug: Byetta
Used for: Type 2 diabetes
Side effect: Increase of blood glucose level

 Drug: Humira
Used for: Rheumatoid arthritis
Side effect: Injection site pain

 Drug: Chantix
Used for: Smoking cessation
Side effect: Nausea

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 Drug: Tysabri
Used for: Multiple sclerosis
Side effect: Fatigue

 Drug: Vioxx*
Used for: Arthritis
Side effect: Heart attack

In 1930s, Paul Hermann Muller a research chemist at the firm of Geigy in Basel, with the help of science
introduced the first modern insecticide (DDT: dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane) and it won him the 1948
Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for its credit of saving thousands of human lives in World War II
by killing typhus- carrying lice and malaria-carrying mosquitoes, dramatically reducing Malaria and
Yellow Fever around the world. But in the late 1960s DDT which was a world saver was no longer in
public favor – it was blamed moderately hazardous and carcinogenic. And most applications of DDT were
banned in the U.S. and many other countries. However, DDT is still legally manufactured in the U.S., but
only sold to foreign countries. At a time when Napoleon was almost disturbing whole of Europe due to
his aggressive policies and designs and most of the world was at war – the science gave birth to the many
inventions which took place in the field of textile industry and due to invention of steam engine and
development of means of transportation and communication. Though it gave birth in England, yet its
inventions spread all over the world in a reasonably period. And rapid industrialization was a consequence
of new inventions and demand for expansion of large industrial cities led to the large scale exploitation of
agricultural land. And socio-economic growth was peaking, as industries were booming, and agricultural
lands were decreasing, as the world enjoyed the fruits of the rapid industrialization. As a result of this, the
world’s population was growing at an exponential rate and the world's food supply was not in the pace of the
population’s increase. And this resulted in widespread famine in many parts of the world, such as England,
and as starvation was rampant. In that time line, science suppressed that situation by producing more
ammonia through the Haber Bosch Process (more ammonia, more fertilizers. more fertilizers, more food
production). But at the same time, science which solved the world's hunger problems also led to the
production of megatons of TNT (trinitrotoluene) and other explosives which were dropped on all the cities
leading to the death of some hundred million people.

Rapid industrialization which once raised the economic and living standard of the people has now become
a major global issue. The full impact of an industrial fuel economy has led to the global warming (i.e., the

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increase of Earth's average surface temperature due to effect of too much carbon dioxide emissions from
industrial centers which acts as a blanket, trap heat and warm the planet). And as a result, Greenland's
ice shelves have started to shrink permanently, disrupting the world’s weather by altering the flow of ocean
and air currents around the planet. And violent swings in the climate have started to appear in the form of
floods, droughts, snow storms and hurricanes.

And industries are the main sources of sulfur dioxide emission and automobiles for nitrogen oxides. And the
oxides of nitrogen and sulfur combine with the moisture in the atmosphere to form acids. And these acids
reach the Earth as rain, snow, or fog and react with minerals in the soil and release deadly toxins and affect a
variety of plants and animals on the earth. And these acids damage buildings, historic monuments, and
statues, especially those made of rocks, such as limestone and marble, that contain large amounts of calcium
carbonate. For example, acid rain has reacted with the marble (calcium carbonate) of Taj Mahal (an ivory-
white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra) causing
immense damage to this wonderful structure (i.e., Taj is changing color).

And science once introduced refrigerators for prolonging storage of food but now refrigerators are the active
sources of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) which interact with the UV light during which chlorine is separated.
And this chlorine in turn destroys a significant amount of the ozone in the high atmosphere admitting an
intense dose of harmful ultraviolet radiation. And the increased ultraviolet flux produces the related health
effects of skin cancer, cataracts, and immune suppression and produces a permanent change in the
nucleotide sequence and lead to changes in the molecules the cell produce, which modify and ultimately
affect the process of photosynthesis and destroy green plants. And the massive extinction of green plants
may lead to famine and immense death of all living species including man.

Fertilizers which once provided a sufficient amount of the essential nitrates to plants to synthesize
chlorophyll and increase crop growth to feed the growing population and satisfy the demand for food, has
now blamed for causing hypertrophication i.e., fertilizers left unused in soil are carried away by rain water
into lakes and rivers, and then to coastal estuaries and bays. And the overload of fertilizers induces
explosive growth of algal blooms, which prevents light from getting into the water and thereby preventing
the aquatic plants from photosynthesizing, a process which provides oxygen in the water to animals that
need it, like fish and crabs. So, in addition to the lack of oxygen from photosynthesis, when algal blooms
die they decompose and they are acted upon by microorganisms. And this decomposition process
consumes oxygen, which reduces the concentration of dissolved oxygen. And the depleted oxygen levels in
turn lead to fish kills and a range of other effects promoting the loss of species biodiversity. And the large

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scale exploitation of forests for industrialization and residential purposes has not only led to the loss of
biodiversity but has led the diseases like AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome caused by a virus
called HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) which alters the immune system, making victim much more
vulnerable to infections and diseases) to transmit from forests to cities.

At the dawn of the early century, the entire world was thoroughly wedded to fossil fuels in the form of oil,
natural gas, and coal to satisfy the demand for energy. And as a result, fossil fuels were becoming
increasingly rare and were slowly dooming to extinction. In that period, science (upon the work of Curie
and Einstein) introduced nuclear fission reaction (the process by which a heavy nucleus breaks down into
two or more smaller nuclei, releasing energy. For example: if we hit a uranium-235 nucleus with a neutron,
it split into a krypton nucleus, a barium nucleus, three neutrons, and energy) as an alternate to the world’s
energy supply and therefore prevented the world economy from coming to a grinding halt. But at the same
time science introduced nuclear fission reaction to produce thousands of nuclear weapons, which were
dropped on all the cities in World War II amounted to some two million tons, two megatons, of TNT,
which flattened heavily reinforced buildings many kilometers away, the firestorm, the gamma rays and the
thermal neutrons, which effectively fried the people. A school girl who survived the nuclear attack on
Hiroshima, the event that ended the Second World War, wrote this first-hand account:

"Through a darkness like the bottom of hell, I could hear the voices of the other students calling for their mothers. And
at the base of the bridge, inside a big cistern that had been dug out there, was a mother weeping, holding above her
head a naked baby that was burned red all over its body. And another mother was crying and sobbing as she gave her
burned breast to her baby. In the cistern the students stood with only their heads above the water, and their two hands,
which they clasped as they imploringly cried and screamed, calling for their parents. But every single person who
passed was wounded, all of them, and there was no one, there was no one to turn to for help. And the singed hair on the
heads of the people was frizzled and whitish and covered with dust. They did not appear to be human, not creatures of
this world."

Nuclear breakthroughs have now turned out to be the biggest existential threat to human survival. Nuclear
waste is banking up at every single nuclear site. And as a result, every nation is suffering from a massive
case of nuclear constipation (that Causes Intractable Chronic Constipation in Children).

Ninety-one percent of world adults and 60 percent of teens own this device that has revolutionized the most
indispensable accessories of professional and social life. Science once introduced this device for wireless
communication but now they are pointed to as a possible cause of everything from infertility to cancer to
other health issues. And in a study conducted at the University of London, researchers sampled 390 cell

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phones to measure for levels of pathogenic bacteria. The results of the study showed that 92 percent of the
cell phones sampled had heavily colonized by high quantities of various types of disease-prone bacteria with
high resistances to commonly used antibiotics (around 25,000 bacteria per square inch) and the results
concluded that their ability to transmit diseases of which the mobile phones are no exception. The
fluoridation of water at optimal levels has been shown to be highly beneficial to the development of tooth
enamel and prevention of dental cavities since the late 1800s. And studies showed that children who drink
water fluoridated at optimal levels can experience 20 to 40 per cent less tooth decay. But now fluoridation
of water has termed to cause lower IQ, memory loss, cancer, kidney stones & kidney failures – faster than
any other chemical.

Science once introduced irradiation to prevent food poisoning by destroying molds, bacteria (such as one –
celled animal 'Amoeba ' – that have as much information in their DNA as 1,000 Encyclopedia Britannicas
– which is almost unbelievably minute form of life which, after being cut into six separate parts, is able to
produce six complete bodies to carry on as though nothing had happened), yeast and virus (the smallest
living things which cannot reproduce itself unaided and therefore it is lifeless in the true sense. But when
placed in the plasma of a living cell and, in forty eight minutes it can reproduce itself four hundred times)
and control microbial infestation. But now it has been blamed to cause the loss of nutrients, for example
vitamin E levels can be reduced by 25% after irradiation and vitamin C by 5-10% and damage food by
breaking up molecules and creating free radicals. And these free radicals combine with existing chemicals
(like preservatives) in the food to produce deadly toxins. This has caused some food manufacturers to
limit or avoid the process and bills have even been introduced to ban irradiated foods in public cafeterias or
to require irradiated food to carry sensational warning labels. And the rapid advancement of science
combined with human aggression and aim for global supremacy has led even the smaller nations to
weaponize anthrax spores and other viruses for maximum death and destruction. And thus the entire planet
is gripped with fear that one day a terrorist group may pay to gain access to weaponized H5N1 flu and other
viruses. And the rapid development of nuclear technology has led to the banking up of nuclear waste at
every single nuclear site. And as a result, every nation is suffering from a massive case of nuclear
constipation. And the enormous automation, capacity of artificial intelligence and their ability to interact like
humans has caused the humans to be replaced by artificial intelligence. But now artificial intelligence is
taking off on its own, and re-designing itself at an ever increasing rate. And this has turned out to be the
biggest existential threat to human survival (i.e., one day artificial intelligence may plan for a war against
humanity). Highly toxic gases, poisons, defoliants, and every technological state are planning for it to
disable or destroy people or their domestic animals, to damage their crops, and/or to deteriorate their
supplies, threaten every citizen, not just of a nation, but of the world

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"The saddest aspect of life right now is that science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom."

― Isaac Asimov

Good and Bad Effects of Chemistry:

What is Chemistry?

Chemistry (a creative discipline chiefly concerned with the study of matter: its structure, composition,
properties, and reactivity through chemical reactions) is important because everything you do like cooking,
fermentation, glass making, and metallurgy is chemistry! Even our Human body is made of chemical
elements.

 Element:

Oxygen

Percent by Mass:

65

 Element:

Carbon

Percent by Mass:

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 18

 Element:

Hydrogen

Percent by Mass:

10

 Element:

Nitrogen

Percent by Mass:

 Element:

Calcium

Percent by Mass:

1.5

 Element:

Phosphorus

Percent by Mass:

1.2

 Element:

Potassium

Percent by Mass:

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 0.2

 Element:

Sulfur

Percent by Mass:

0.2

 Element:

Chlorine

Percent by Mass:

0.2

 Element:

Sodium

Percent by Mass:

0.1

 Element:

Magnesium

Percent by Mass:

0.05

 Elements:

Iron, Cobalt, Copper, Zinc, Iodine

Percent by Mass:

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 Trace

 Elements:

Selenium, Fluorine

Percent by Mass:

Minute amounts

Chemical reactions (an integral part of technology and indeed of life itself that involves a
rearrangement of the constituent atoms of the reactants to create one or more different substances ―
the products) occur when you breathe, eat, or just sit there burning fuels, smelting iron, making liquid
crystals and semiconductors, brewing beer, and making wine and cheese. All matter is made of chemical
elements, so the importance of chemistry is that it's the study of everything ― is part of everything in our
lives.

Good Effects:

 Helps mankind develop food preservatives that are widely used in the food industry to preserve the
natural characteristics of food and to fight food spoilage caused by bacteria, molds, fungus, and
yeast.
 Helps mankind develop fuels that we use today as dense repositories of energy that are consumed to
provide energy services such as heating, transportation and electrical generation.
 Helps mankind enclose the design, development, and synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs that
prolong our life and help us fight diseases.
 Helps mankind develop cosmetics that we use today to enhance or alter the appearance of the face
or fragrance and texture of the body.
 Helps mankind develop pesticides that are widely used in agriculture for the protection of crops
from disease, insects, rodents and regulating plant growth and killing weeds.
 Helps mankind develop fertilizers that enhance the natural fertility of the soil and improve growth
and productiveness of crops.
 Helps mankind analyze the non-biological trace evidence that is brought in from crime scenes and
reach a conclusion based on tests run on that piece of evidence.
 Helps mankind devise new ways to make the manufacturing of the products (from fireworks to
explosions) easier and more cost effective.

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  Helps mankind develop safety strategies for handling dangerous materials, and supervise the
manufacture of nearly every product (from pharmaceuticals to fuels and computer components) we
use.
 Helps mankind to remove valuable metals from an ore and refine the extracted raw metals into a
purer form.

Bad effects:

 Accidents or incorrect use of household cleaning products may cause immediate health effects, such
as skin or eye irritation or burns, or may influence children's gut bacteria and cause obesity.
 Chemistry is at the heart of environmental issues. Chemical pesticides are known to pollute the
environment as they can work their way into the food chain and accumulate or persist in the
environment for many years.
 Maleic Hydrazide is generally added to potatoes to keep them from sprouting. It is a known
chemical inhibitor and can even lead to cancer in the long run.
 Plastic cannot biodegrade. Toxic chemicals leach out of plastic water bottles, bags and straws make
their way into our bodies and cause a variety of health issues that result cancer, reproductive issues,
immune system suppression and problems with childhood development.
 Chemicals that are widely used in cosmetics and personal care products can cause changes in
women's reproductive hormones and harm women's fertility or even cause breast cancer.
 Chemical waste is a usually a byproduct of a large scale factories and laboratories that ― if
improperly managed or disposed of ― may pose substantial hazards to human health and the
environment.
 The excessive use of fertilizers can destroy soil nutrients like sodium, potassium, nitrogen and
creates imbalances in soil fertility and result in failure of crops in agriculture and can pollute
groundwater.

"If you wish to make an apple pie from scratch, you must first invent the universe."

― Carl Sagan

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More extended use of digital technologies

 obesity
 cardiovascular disease

More sedentary lifestyle  type 2 diabetes

 premature death
 eye and ear problems

Stunt the imagination in children

Transportation Pollution

Increased threat of global climate change, degradation of water resources, noise and habitat loss and
fragmentation and pose a threat to the very existence of the flora and fauna.
 Global warming shrinking the Greenland's ice shelves

The Effect of Acid Rain on Taj Mahal

Before Acid Rain After Acid Rain

The eutrophication of the Lake Taihu, Wuxi in China is evident from the bright green water,
caused by a dense bloom of algae.

Burial of an unknown child after the Bhopal gas tragedy

 Bhopal Gas Tragedy: The world's worst industrial disaster which killed twenty five thousand
people and affected more than five lakh people with breathlessness, failing eyesight, painful
stomachs, missing limbs, angry skins.

a) In July of 1952, seven years after the atomic bombing, 252 remains were dug out from five places in Saka
township of Aki country, which is situated 8 or 9 kilometers from the hypocenter. b) The Burned Corpse of a Boy.
c) A Boy who received thermal burns on more than one-third of his whole body. d) A precious photograph of
Victims who Escaped Hell on Earth taken only three hours or so after the explosion. e) A Building Brought To
Knees By The Blast.
 Svante Arrhenius, the Man Who Foresaw Climate Change − estimated that "Doubling the level
of CO2 in the Earth's atmosphere would raise the mean global temperature by several degrees."

Burning of fossil fuels Emission of SO2 and NO

combine with water and oxygen in

the atmosphere

sulphuric, nitric and nitrous acids

2SO2 + O2 → 2SO3

SO3 + H2O → H2SO4

2NO + O2 → 2NO2

2NO2 + H2O → HNO3 + HNO2

 "Warming of the climate system is unequivocal,

human influence on the climate system is clear …"

− The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, January, 2014, Press Release

Increase in extreme weather since 1970s

90% contribution from global warming

More rain in some places, less in others

"Scientific prayer makes God a celestial lab rat, leading to bad science and worse religion."

― Michael Shermer
 Use of computers, tablets and cell phones

 blurred vision
 dry eyes
 headaches
 neck and shoulder pain

Stunted growth and

Symptoms of nutrient deficiency
death of plant tissue

To overcome this

Development of crop plants that intake high nutrient from the soil

High intake of nutrients → soil less fertile

Human-controlled
process

Modification of genes Ruin the natural balance of species and lead to the
(Selective cross breeding) extinction of certain species

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From self-driving cars to industrial robots, all complex real world problems are being solved
with applications of intelligence (AI). Artificial intelligence (AI) is progressing rapidly and
makes it possible for machines to think like humans and mimic their actions − adjust to new
inputs and perform human-like tasks by processing large amounts of data and recognizing
patterns in the data. While science fiction often renders AI as robots (a machine − especially one
programmable by a computer − capable of carrying out a complex series of actions without
conscious thought or attention) with human-like characteristics, AI can encompass anything from
missile guidance to tumor detection to face recognition.

The applications for artificial intelligence are countless and John McCarthy, who coined the
term in 1956, defines it as: "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines." The
study and design of intelligent agents − where an intelligent agent is a system that becomes
aware or conscious of its environment and takes actions which maximizes its chances of success
− can be applied to many sectors and industries including computer science, psychology,
philosophy, neuroscience, cognitive science, linguistics, operations research, economics, control
theory, probability, optimization, and logic. The simulation of human intelligence in machines is
being tested and used in the maintenance or improvement of health industry for dosing drugs and
different treatment in patients, and for surgical procedures in the hospital operating room.

A property of machines: the intelligence that the system demonstrates − today is properly known
as Weak Artificial intelligence, in that it is designed to perform a narrow task (such as web
searches, control systems, scheduling, data mining, logistics, speech recognition, facial
recognition and many others). However, the long-term goal of many technical researchers is to
create Strong Artificial intelligence. While Weak Artificial intelligence may outperform humans
at whatever its specific task is, like playing games or solving mathematical problems, Strong
Artificial intelligence would outsmart humans at nearly every cognitive task.

In little over a decade, Artificial intelligence (a wide-ranging tool that enables people to rethink
how we integrate information, analyze data, and use the resulting insights to improve decision
making) has made leaps and bounds. Every single day, a new thousand word post showcase the

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most recent advancement in Artificial intelligence. Being Artificial intelligence has made
remarkable breakthroughs, and many scientists dream of creating the Master Algorithm proposed
by Pedro Domingos -- which can solve all problems envisioned by humans -- failure is at the
core of human advancement-- notable failures are emerging. From self-driving car accidents to
Face ID hacks, AI didn't have a perfect year.

The Most Significant Failures When Al Turned Rogue, Causing Disastrous Results:

 1959: AI designed to be a General Problem Solver failed to solve real world problems.
 1982: Software designed to make discoveries, discovered how to cheat instead.
 1983: Nuclear attack early warning system falsely claimed that an attack is taking place.
 2010: Complex AI stock trading software caused a trillion dollar flash crash.
 2011: E-Assistant told to "call me an ambulance" began to refer to the user as
Ambulance.
 2013: Object recognition neural networks saw phantom objects in particular noise
images.
 2015: An automated email reply generator created inappropriate responses, such as
writing "I love you" to a business colleague.
 2015: A robot for grabbing auto parts grabbed and killed a man.
 2015: Image tagging software classified black people as gorillas.
 2015: Medical AI classified patients with asthma as having a lower risk of dying of
pneumonia.
 2015: Adult content filtering software failed to remove inappropriate content, exposing
children to violent and sexual content.
 2016: AI designed to predict recidivism acted racist.
 2016: An AI agent exploited a reward signal to win a game without actually completing
the game.
 2016: Video game NPCs (non-player characters, or any character that is not controlled by
a human player) designed unauthorized super weapons.
 2016: AI judged a beauty contest and rated dark-skinned contestants lower.

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  2016: A mall security robot collided with and injured a child.
 2016: The AI "Alpha Go" lost to a human in a world-championship-level game of "Go."
 2016: A self-driving car had a deadly accident.
 2017: Google Translate shows gender bias in Turkish-English translations.
 2017: Facebook chat bots shut down after developing their own language.
 2017: Autonomous van in accident on its first day.
 2017: Google Allo suggested man in turban emoji as response to a gun emoji.
 2017: Face ID beat by a mask.
 2017: AI misses the mark with Kentucky Derby predictions.
 2017: Google Home Minis spied on their owners.
 2017: Google Home outage causes near 100% failure rate.
 2017: Facebook allowed ads to be targeted to "Jew Haters".
 2018: Chinese billionaire's face identified as jaywalker.
 2018: Uber self-driving car kills a pedestrian.
 2018: Amazon AI recruiting tool is gender biased.
 2018: Google Photo confuses skier and mountain.
 2018: LG robot Cloi gets stagefright at its unveiling.
 2018: IBM Watson comes up short in healthcare.

While these are only a few instances of failures that have been observed so far, they are pieces of
evidence to the fact that Artificial intelligence (the simulation of human intelligence processes by
machines, especially computer systems) has the potential to develop a will of its own that may be in
conflict with members of the human race. This is definitely a warning about the potential dangers of
Artificial intelligence which should be addressed while exploring its potential interests.

"I believe there is no deep difference between what can be achieved by a biological brain and what can be achieved by a
computer. It therefore follows that computers can, in theory, emulate human intelligence — and exceed it."

– Stephen Hawking.

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Artificial intelligence in general, context remains a challenge. Despite Its Many Failures, why is
artificial intelligence important?

 Artificial intelligence automates repetitive learning and discovery through data.

 Artificial intelligence analyzes more and deeper data.
 Artificial intelligence adds intelligence to existing products.
 Artificial intelligence adapts through progressive learning algorithms to let the data do
the programming.
 Artificial intelligence gets the most out of data.
 Artificial intelligence achieves unbelievable accuracy through deep neural networks –
which was previously impossible. For example, your interactions with Amazon Alexa,
Google Search and Google Photos are all based on deep learning – and they keep getting
more precise the more we use them.

The threat of AI-charged job loss is spreading (AI and automation will eliminate the most
mundane tasks). No matter what industry you’re in, AI-powered bots (which can answer
common questions and point users to FAQs and knowledge base articles) and software are taking
a crack at it. Artificial intelligence seems to be ringing the death sound of a bell for all manner of
jobs, tasks, chores and activities. From hospitality, to customer service, to home assistants, no
job feels safe. Naturally, this has made people worried about the future. But is Artificial
intelligence ready to take over our jobs, or even likely to do so ever? Prevalent AI- charged
failures would suggest not.

Chernobyl nuclear reactor explosion in Ukraine in 1986 caused more than 6000 people develop
thyroid cancer, according to an investigation by the UN.

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"I have a friend who's an artist and has sometimes taken a view which I don't agree with very well.

He'll hold up a flower and say "look how beautiful it is," and I'll agree. Then he says "I as an artist

can see how beautiful this is but you as a scientist take this all apart and it becomes a dull thing," and

I think that he's kind of nutty. First of all, the beauty that he sees is available to other people and to

me too, I believe. Although I may not be quite as refined aesthetically as he is ... I can appreciate the

beauty of a flower. At the same time, I see much more about the flower than he sees. I could imagine

the cells in there, the complicated actions inside, which also have a beauty. I mean it's not just

beauty at this dimension, at one centimeter; there's also beauty at smaller dimensions, the inner

structure, also the processes. The fact that the colors in the flower evolved in order to attract insects

to pollinate it is interesting; it means that insects can see the color. It adds a question: does this

aesthetic sense also exist in the lower forms? Why is it aesthetic? All kinds of interesting questions

which the science knowledge only adds to the excitement, the mystery and the awe of a flower. It

only adds. I don't understand how it subtracts."

― Richard P. Feynman

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References:

 The human health effects of DDT ... by MP Longnecker (1997).

 Side Effects of Drugs Annual: A worldwide yearly survey of new data and ... edited by Jeffrey K.

Aronson.

 Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years by Siegfried Fred Singer, Dennis T. Avery

 (2007).

 Acid Rain by Louise Petheram (2002).

 Eutrophication: Causes, Consequences, Correctives; Proceedings of a Symposium edited by

National Academy of Sciences (U.S.).

 Ammonia: principles and industrial practice by Max Appl (1999).

Source of Information:

 https://www.wikipedia.org/

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