Preliminary design

The preliminary sizing of structural elements was carried out based on deflection control criteria
and approximate loads obtained using the tributary area method. The gravity loads on the
structural elements are taken as per IS 875 Part I (dead loads) and IS 875 Part II (imposed loads).
The unit weights of materials taken for the calculation of dead load of the structure are as
follows.
For Building with Rectangular Plan
Preliminary Design of Slab:
Let us design for the longest slab
Using the deflection control criteria defined in IS456:2000, Clause 23.2,
L/dmin = 26 * modification factor
For modification factor,
Area of steel required
fs = 0.58 * fy *
Area of steel provided
Assuming area of steel required tends to or equal to area or steel provided,
fs = 0.58 * 500 * 1 = 290 N/mm2
Assuming % of steel for tension reinforcement,
pst = 0.12% of cross section area of slab
So, modification factor = 1.6 (Clause 23.2.1(c) fig no (4), IS 456:2000)
Therefore, L/d = 26 * 1.6
Effective depth (d) = 5200/(26*1.6) = 125mm
Adopt Overall depth (D) = 125+25 = 150mm
Check:
Self-Weight = 25 kN/m3 * 0.15m = 3.75 kN/m2
Imposed load on the slab = 3 kN/m2
Floor finish =1.5 kN/m2
Total load = 3.75+3+1.5 = 8.25 kN/m2
Adopt B = 1000mm
Total design load (Wu) = 1.5 * 8.25 * 1 = 12.375 kN/m
Then,
 W u∗l 2 12.375∗5.22
Mu = = = 41.827 kN.m
8 8

Mu 41.827∗106
d=
√ √¿
0.138∗f ck∗b 0.138∗25∗1000

= 110.107 mm
Therefore, Adopt overall Depth (D) =150 mm
Preliminary design of beam
According to IS 456: 2000, Cl 23.2.1, for continuous beam,
Span/dmin = 26 * modification factor
But this is for simply supported section and our case is going to be for fixed one.
So, Span/dmin = (13 to 15). Hence, we assume a value of 14.
For beam in Horizontal grid.
Span of beam in X-direction = 7m
Therefore, L/dmin = 14
Or, d = 7000/14 = 500mm
Therefore, Adopt Overall depth (D) = 50+500 = 550mm
1 2
Now, b = D to D
2 3
2
= ∗550
3
= 366.66 mm ≈400mm
For Vertical Grid.
Span of beam in Y-direction = 5.2m
Therefore, L/dmin = 14
Or, d = 5200/14 = 371.4 mm
Therefore, Adopt Overall depth (D) = 400 mm
1 2
Now, b = D to D
2 3
2
= ∗400
3
= 266.66 mm ≈300mm
Therefore, Adopt Beam of Size (B*D)= 400 mm* 550 mm
Preliminary Design of Column:
For intermediate Column:
Slab Area = 2929000 mm2
= 29.29 m2
 Load Intensity of Slab
Self-weight of slab = 25 * 0.15
= 3.75 kN/m2
Imposed live load = 3 kN/m2
Floor finish = 1.5 kN/m2
Total load intensity = 3.75+3+1.5 = 8.25 kN/m2
Therefore, load of slab = 8.25 kN/m2 * 29.29 m2
= 241.64 kN
 Load of wall on column (Assuming 30% openings)
= 0.7 * 20 * 0.254 * 3.15 * (2.3+3.5+2.45+2.6)
= 121.53 kN
 Load of beam on column
= 25 * 0.4 (0.55-0.15) * (2.3+3.5+2.45+2.6)
= 43.3 kN
 Dead load of column
Assuming the size of column to be 500mm * 500mm
= 25*0.5*0.5*3.15
= 19.68 kN
 Total load on intermediate column for 1 storey = 241.64 + 121.53 + 43.3 + 19.68 =425.15 kN
 Total load on intermediate column for 8 storey (Assuming all the floor height to be same
including basement)
= 8 * 425.14 = 3401.2 kN
For 9th floor,
 Load Intensity of Slab
 Load of slab = 8.25 kN/m2 * 11.615 m2
= 107.43 kN
 Load of wall on column (Assuming 30% openings)
= 0.7 * 20 * 0.254 * 3.15 * (2.3+2.45+2.6)
= 82.33 kN
 Load of beam on column
= 25 * 0.4 (0.55-0.15) * (2.3+2.45+2.6)
= 29.4 kN
 Dead load of column
Assuming the size of column to be 500mm * 500mm
= 25*0.5*0.5*3.15
= 19.68 kN
Therefore total load on column from 9th floor (including basement)
=107.43 + 82.33 + 29.4 + 19.68
= 238.84 kN
 Therefore total load on critical column = 3401.2 + 238.84 = 3640.04 kN
Assuming 2.5% steel, M25 Concrete and Fe 500 steel
Pu = 0.4 * fck * Ac + 0.67 * *fy * As
Or, 3640.04 * 103 = 0.4*25*(1-0.025) *A + 0.67*500*0.025*A
On Solving, A= 211016.81 mm2
Assuming the column to be square i.e B=D
Therefore, B=D= 459.36mm
Adopt B=D= 500mm
For edge Column:
Slab Area = 4900000 mm2
= 4.9 m2
 Load Intensity of Slab
Self-weight of slab = 25 * 0.15
= 3.75 kN/m2
Imposed live load = 3 kN/m2
Floor finish = 1.5 kN/m2
Total load intensity = 3.75+3+1.5 = 8.25 kN/m2
Therefore, load of slab = 8.25 kN/m2 * 4.9 m2
= 40.425 kN
 Load of wall on column (Assuming 30% openings)
= 0.7 * 20 * 0.254 * 3.15 * (2.0+2.45)
= 49.84 kN
 Load of beam on column
= 25 * 0.4 (0.55-0.15) * (2.0+2.45)
= 17.8 kN
 Dead load of column
Assuming the size of column to be 500mm * 500mm
= 25*0.5*0.5*3.15
= 19.68 kN
 Total load on intermediate column for 1 storey = 40.425 kN + 49.84 + 17.8 + 19.68 =
127.745 kN
 Total load on intermediate column for 8 storey (Assuming all the floor height to be same
including basement)
= 8 * 127.745 = 1021.96 kN
Assuming 2.5% steel, M25 Concrete and Fe 500 steel
Pu = 0.4 * fck * Ac + 0.67 * fy * As
Or, 3401.2 * 103 = 0.4*25*(1-0.025) *A + 0.67*0.025*A
On Solving, A= 104636.64 mm2
Assuming the column to be square i.e B=D
Therefore, B=D= 323.47 mm
Adopt B=D= 400 mm
Hence adopt the size of column to be 500mm * 500mm
For Building with L shaped Plan
Preliminary Design of Slab:
Let us design for the longest slab
Using the deflection control criteria defined in IS456:2000, Clause 23.2,
L/dmin = 26 * modification factor
For modification factor,
Area of steel required
fs = 0.58 * fy *
Area of steel provided
Assuming area of steel required tends to or equal to area or steel provided,
fs = 0.58 * 500 * 1 = 290 N/mm2
Assuming % of steel for tension reinforcement,
pst = 0.12% of cross section area of slab
So, modification factor = 1.6 (Clause 23.2.1(c) fig no (4), IS 456:2000)
Therefore, L/d = 26 * 1.6
Effective depth (d) = 5200/(26*1.6) = 125mm
Adopt Overall depth (D) = 125+25 = 150mm
Check:
Self-Weight = 25 kN/m3 * 0.15m = 3.75 kN/m2
Imposed load on the slab = 3 kN/m2
Floor finish =1.5 kN/m2
Total load = 3.75+3+1.5 = 8.25 kN/m2
Adopt B = 1000mm
Total design load (Wu) = 1.5 * 8.25 * 1 = 12.375 kN/m
Then,

W u∗l 2 12.375∗5.22
Mu = = = 41.827 kN.m
8 8

Mu 41.827∗106
d=
√ ¿
√
0.138∗f ck∗b 0.138∗25∗1000
 = 110.107 mm
Therefore, Adopt overall Depth (D) =150 mm
Preliminary design of beam
According to IS 456: 2000, Cl 23.2.1, for continuous beam,
Span/dmin = 26 * modification factor
But this is for simply supported section and our case is going to be for fixed one.
So, Span/dmin = (13 to 15). Hence, we assume a value of 14.
For beam in Horizontal grid.
Span of beam in X-direction = 7m
Therefore, L/dmin = 14
Or, d = 7000/14 = 500mm
Therefore, Adopt Overall depth (D) = 50+500 = 550mm
1 2
Now, b = D to D
2 3
2
= ∗550
3
= 366.66 mm ≈400mm
For Vertical Grid.
Span of beam in Y-direction = 5.2m
Therefore, L/dmin = 14
Or, d = 5200/14 = 371.4 mm
Therefore, Adopt Overall depth (D) = 400 mm
1 2
Now, b = D to D
2 3
2
= ∗400
3
= 266.66 mm ≈300mm
Therefore, Adopt Beam of Size (B*D)= 400 mm* 550 mm