Cveni garemo

ISBN 978-9941-428-70-8

lia SalvaSvili, manana maWavariani

Cveni garemo Cveni garemo

lia SalvaSvili, manana maWavariani lia SalvaSvili, manana maWavariani

maswavleblis
saxelmZRvanelo
bunebismetyvelebaSi

moswavlis saxelmZRvanelo
bunebismetyvelebaSi

moswavlis maswavleblis
saxelmZRvanelo saxelmZRvanelo
pirveli da
meore nawilebi

dafinansebulia „moswavleebis saxelmZRvaneloebiT

uzrunvelyofis programis“ farglebSi

moswavlis saxelmZRvanelo
bunebismetyvelebaSi
pirveli nawili
Cveni garemo 4
lia SalvaSvili
manana maWavariani

moswavlis saxelmZRvanelo
bunebismetyvelebaSi
pirveli nawili

grifminiWebulia saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis

saministros mier 2018 wels

Semecneba
Tbilisi • 2018
Cveni garemo 4
moswavlis saxelmZRvanelo bunebismetyvelebaSi
pirveli nawili

avtori:
lia SalvaSvili (jgufis xelmZRvaneli) _ pedagogi, bio-geografi,
geograf. mecnierebaTa doqtori,
iakob gogebaSvilis premiis laureati
manana maWavariani _ fizikosi

redaqtori _ givi bojgua _ filologi

dizaineri da damkabadonebeli _ manana maWavariani

mxatvroba da kompiuteruli grafika _ ilia WrelaSvilis
fotoebi _ akaki muSkiaSvilis
garekanis dizaini _ nato yubaneiSvilis

yvela ufleba daculia.

am saxelmZRvanelos arc erTi nawili, aranairi formiTa da saSualebiT,
iqneba es eleqtronuli Tu meqanikuri, ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes
gamomcemlis werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe.
saavtoro uflebebis darRveva isjeba kanoniT.

grifminiWebulia saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier

2018 wels

ISBN 978-9941-428-70-8

© gamomcemloba `Semecneba~, 2018

© l. SalvaSvili, m. maWavariani, 2018
Tbilisi, antonovskaias 9b
telefoni 995 32 260 23 15; 995 599 55 05 54
elfosta: info@shemetsneba.ge
vebgverdi: www.shemetsneba.ge

mesame gamocema, 2018

CHVENI GAREMO (OUR NATURE) 4

Student’s textbook in Natural Science • Part I

Author Lia Shalvashvili, Manana Machavariani

Redactor Givi Bojgua

All rights reserved

© Publishing House SHEMETSNEBA, 2018

© L. Shalvashvili, M. Machavariani, 2018
9b Antonovskaya Street., Tbilisi, Georgia
Phone 995 32 260 23 15; 995 599 55 05 54
E-mail: info@shemetsneba.ge
www.shemetsneba.ge
 saxelmZRvanelos
gamoyenebis instruqcia
teqsti ilustraciasTan,
romelic gawvdis
damatebiT informacias
gakveTilis nomeri
da saTauri ilustracia,
gakveTilis romelic gexmareba
ZiriTadi teqsti sakiTxis gagebaSi

Cveni garemo 4 cocxali samyaro

34. rogor mravldebian frinvelebi  es dedali qaTami kruxia.

wiwilebis gamosaCekad igi
kvercxebze 21 dRe ijda.
I. gaixsene, ra ici frinvelebis Sesaxeb? wiwilebi Tvalaxelili da
bumbuliT Semosilebi
iCekebian. maT gamoCekisTanave
gazafxulze TiTqmis yvela frinveli iSenebs budes. isini budeSi
SeuZliaT damoukideblad
kvercxebs deben, zed sxdebian da aTboben.
siaruli da sirbili. wiwilebi
zogierTi frinvelis, magaliTad, ixvis kvercxidan Zalian moZravi, izrdebian, dRiTi-dRe
xSiri bumbuliT dafaruli WuWuli iCekeba. WuWulebi erTi dRis Semdeg icvlebian da bolos
budidan amoxtebian, curaven, yvinTaven wyalSi da sakvebs damoukide- zrdasrul dedlad an mamlad
blad moipoveben. Camoyalibdebian.
zogierTi frinvelis bartyi umweo da SiSveli iCekeba. aseT bartyebs
mSoblebi kvebaven. magaliTad, SoSiebs TavianT bartyebTan dReSi sa-
masjer miaqvT sakvebi, wivwivebs _ oTxasjer. maTi umTavresi sakvebia
mwerebi, maT Soris, iseTebi, romlebic zians ayeneben naTesebs.
gazafxulis miwuruls bartyebi frenas iwyeben, magram mSoblebi filmebSi albaT ginaxavs TeTr yinulze mobajbaje pingvine-
mainc zrunaven maTze, exmarebian gamokvebaSi da safrTxisgan icaven. bi. marTalia, isini frinvelebi arian, magram frena ar SeuZliaT.
maTi sxeuli xSiri bumbuliTaa dafaruli. pingvinebi frTebs sa-
frenad ki ara, sacuraod iyeneben da wyalSi moipoveben sakvebs.
isini kvercxs yinulze deben, magram budes ver ikeTeben, radgan
saamiso pirobebi ara aqvT.
deda pingvini, rogorc ki kvercxs dadebs, mama pingvins miu-
tans. is ki frTebiT kvercxs muclis Tbil bumbulze miikravs da
ase atarebs 8 kviris ganmavlobaSi _ gamoCekamde. patara pingvins
frinvelis kvercxidan gamoCekil jer mSoblebi zrdian. Semdeg ki, odnav rom wamoizrdeba, ping-
bartys marTvesac uwodeben. vinebis `sabavSvo baRSi~ iwyebs siaruls.

1. gamosazamTreblad romeli frinvelebi mifrinaven

saqarTvelodan Tbil qveynebSi?
2. romlebi rCebian Cvens qveyanaSi?
3. rogor fiqrob, ratom mifrinaven frinvelebi Semodgomaze?

III. bukis gamoyenebiT, Seadgine qaTmis sasicocxlo ciklis sqema.

a. CarTe buki.
b. moZebne da gaxseni fanjara qaTami.rtf.
g. axla Sen SegiZlia Seasrulo davaleba.

68 69

rubrika `moifiqre!~, gverdis

romelic emsaxureba nomeri
ilustracia, romelic
kritikuli azrovnebis
gexmareba sagakveTilo
ganviTarebas
teqstis ukeT aRqmaSi rubrika `minda meti
vicode~, romelic
gawvdis damatebiT
informacias gakveTilSi
ganxilul sakiTxTan
logo, romelic Segaxsenebs, dakavSirebiT
rom es davaleba kompiuteris
gamoyenebiT sruldeba
 sarCevi

pirveli nawili

dedamiwa
1-2. wyali da xmeleTi rukaze..........................................6
3. ruka da ferebi..............................................................9
6. ra aris horizonti..................................................... 11
7. horizontis mxareebi.................................................. 13
8. ruka.............................................................................. 16
9. polusebi da ekvatori................................................ 18
10. kontinentebi da okeaneebi....................................... 20
11. kunZulebi, naxevarkunZulebi, sruteebi................ 22
12. saqarTvelo................................................................ 24
13. saqarTvelos bunebis mravalferovneba.................. 26
14-15. saqarTvelos mdinareebi,
tbebi da wyalsacavebi.......................................... 28

cocxali samyaro
18. cocxali samyaro....................................................... 32
19-20. xuTi samefo.......................................................... 34
21-22. sokoebis samefo................................................... 38
24. mcenareTa samefo...................................................... 43
25. mcenareTa samefo (gagrZeleba).................................... 46
26-27. rogor mravldebian mcenareebi.......................... 50
28. rogor mravldebian mcenareebi (gagrZeleba)........... 53
29. cxovelTa samefo...................................................... 56
31. cxovelTa samefo (gagrZeleba).................................... 61
32. rogor mravldebian mwerebi.................................... 64
33. rogor mravldebian Tevzebi da bayayebi................ 66
34. rogor mravldebian frinvelebi............................. 68
36. mcenareTa saarsebo garemo...................................... 70
37. xmeleTis mcenareebi................................................. 71
38. wylis mcenareebi....................................................... 74
39. davicvaT saqarTvelos buneba................................. 76

rubrikebis pirobiTi niSnebi

daakvirdi moifiqre

Caatare cda gamoiyene buki

Cveni garemo 4

1-2. wyali da xmeleTi rukaze

I. daakvirdi rukaze xmeleTsa da wyals.

daasaxele romeli nomeri isari miuTiTebs `xmeleTs~ da
romeli _ `wyals~.

naxevarsferoebis fizikuri ruka

eTi naxevarsf eTi naxevars
l avl
sa v er o s fe
ro
da o
aR
m

1 2

 rukaze saCvenebeli
joxiT uCveneben.

rukaze pirobiTi aRniSvnebiT (ferebiT) gamosaxulia

dedamiwis zedapiri.
wyali cisfrad an lurjad aRiniSneba, xmeleTi ki _
mwvaned, yviTlad da yavisfrad.

naxevarsferoebis konturul rukaze

gaaferade wyali da xmeleTi Sesabamisi ferebiT.

6
 dedamiwa

II. Caatare da aRwere cda.

1 2

masala

1_4. muSaobis etapebi

3 4

dedamiwis zedapiris or mesamedze meti wyliTaa dafaruli. wylis

udidesi nawili okeaneebSi da zRvebSia Tavmoyrili. msoflio okeane
xuTi okeanisgan Sedgeba. esenia: atlantis, wynari, indoeTis, Crdiloe-
Tis yinulovani da samxreTis okeane.
okeaneebSi da zRvebSi wyali sxvadasxva siRrmisaa. zogan araRrmaa,
zogan _ Rrma, zogan _ Zalian Rrma. wylis siRrmeebs ferebis TandaTano-
biTi gamuqebiT aRniSnaven globusze da rukaze.

Ria cisferi

cisferi

muqi cisferi

lurji
 wylis siRrmeebis sveti

7
Cveni garemo 4

III. daakvirdi rukas.

IV. waikiTxe qvemoT mocemuli sityvebi.

maTgan SearCie saWiro sityva da daasrule winadadebebi.
(davaleba Seasrule zepirad).

zRva, mwvaned, okeane, Ria cisferi, tba, lurji.

1. rukaze Rrma wyals ... aRniSnaven.

2. wylis udides sivrces ... hqvia.
3. rukaze araRrma wyals ... aRniSnaven.

ipove Secdoma da gaawsore.

(davaleba Seasrule zepirad).
1. dedamiwis zedapiris sam meoTxedze meti wyliTaa dafaruli.
2. dedamiwaze wylis siRrme yvelgan erTnairia.
3. rukaze wyals yavisfrad aRniSnaven.
4. araRrma wyals muqi lurjiT aRniSnaven.

8
 dedamiwa

3. ruka da ferebi

I. daakvirdi xmeleTis simaRleebisa da wylis siRrmeebis svetebs

da upasuxe maswavleblis mier dasmul kiTxvebs.

xmeleTis simaRleebi da wylis siRrmeebi rukaze

sxvadasxva feriTaa gamosaxuli. am ferebis mniSvnelobebi
rukazea axsnili.

 es himalais mTebia _ yvelaze  es okeanis fskeria (marianis

maRali adgili dedamiwaze. Rrmuli) _ yvelaze Rrma adgili
dedamiwaze.

9
Cveni garemo 4

II. praqtikuli samuSao _ `davamzadoT mozaika~.

daamzade plastilinis burTulebi da
saTanado ferebiT Seavse konturi.

masala

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

1_6. muSaobis etapebi

 xmeleTi da wyali sxvadasxva feris

burTulebiT gamoisaxa.

10
 dedamiwa

6. ra aris horizonti

I. daakvirdi fotoebs.
ganmarte, rogori horizontia warmodgenili
TiToeul maTganze da daasaxele. esaubre mewyviles.

mTis wverze an swor, gaSlil adgilze mdgomi adamianis Tvalwin didi

sivrce moCans. dedamiwis zedapiris im nawils, romelic Cveni TvalisaT-
vis misawvdomia, horizonti hqvia.
mindorSi yofnisas an zRvaSi gemiT mgzavrobisas sivrces ufro
vrclad vxedavT. es Ria horizontia. magram, rodesac tyis siRrmeSi an
maRal Senobebs Soris vdgavarT, Cven mier danaxuli sivrce daxurulia.
amitom mas daxuruli horizonti hqvia.
Tu zRvaze yofnisas zRvis sivrces dakvirvebixar gegoneba, iq, sad-
Rac Sors, ca da zRva erTmaneTs uerTdeba. am adgils horizontis xazs
uwodeben. zogierTs SeiZleba isic hgonia, rom Tuki pirdapir ivlis,
horizontis xazamde miva. Tu gaSlil adgilze davdgebiT da sul pirda-
pir vivliT, horizontis xazi yovelTvis win `gadainacvlebs~. ase rom,
horizontis xazamde misvla SeuZlebelia.

11
Cveni garemo 4

II. daakvirdi fotos.

ganmarte, rogori horizontia warmodgenili.
fotoze uCvene horizontis xazi.
miva Tu ara es gemi odesme horizontis xazamde?
daasabuTe Seni pasuxi.

daakvirdi horizonts Seni sacxovrebeli binis

fanjridan an aivnidan.
gansazRvre, horizonti Riaa Tu daxuruli.
Seadgine patara moTxroba Temaze
`horizonti Cemi sacxovrebeli binidan~.

ipove Secdoma da gaawsore.

(davaleba Seasrule zepirad).

1. Cemi soflis yvelaze maRali adgilidan moCans

daxuruli horizonti.
2. horizontis xazTan misvla SeiZleba swrafmavali matarebliT.
3. xSiri, wiwvovani tyis SuagulSi turistebis karvidan
Canda Ria horizonti.

12
 dedamiwa

7. horizontis mxareebi

I. daakvirdi suraTs.
uCvene horizontis romel mxares aris Crdili.
romelia misi sapirispiro mxare?

SenTvis kargadaa cnobili, rom mze diliT yovelTvis erTi mxridan

`amodis~ da saRamos erT mxares `Cadis~. horizontis im mxares, saidanac
mze `amodis~, aRmosavleTi hqvia, xolo saiTac `Cadis~ _ dasavleTi.
Sen albaT, samxreTi da CrdiloeTic gsmenia. samxreTi horizontis is
mxarea, saidanac mze SuadRisas dagvnaTis. am dros Tu mzisgulze davdge-
biT, Cveni Crdili mopirdapire mxares `daecema~. amitomac uwodes hori-
zontis am mxares CrdiloeTi. CrdiloeTidan mze arasodes ar anaTebs.
amrigad, aRmosavleTi, dasavleTi, CrdiloeTi da samxreTi hori-
zontis mTavari mxareebia. magram gzis ukeT gagnebisTvis saWiroa hori-
zontis Sualeduri mxareebis codnac. zogjer, mogzaurobisas, siaruli
gvixdeba ara CrdiloeTis an aRmosavleTis mimarTulebiT, aramed maT
Sua. horizontis am mxares Crdilo-aRmosavleTi hqvia. horizontis da-
narCeni Sualeduri mxareebia: Crdilo-dasavleTi, samxreT-aRmosavle-
Ti da samxreT-dasavleTi. horizontis mxareebis codna orientirebaSi
(sivrceSi adgilmdebareobis garkvevaSi) gvexmareba.

13
Cveni garemo 4

II. miTiTebis Sesabamisad, `gaemgzavre~ sawyisi wertilidan

(pirobiTad saxlidan), Tu ici, rom erTi dRis ganmavlobaSi
gadixar manZils, romelic Seesabameba oTx ujreds.
amisaTvis dagWirdeba ujrediani furceli, wiTeli da ubralo fan-
qrebi. nimuSis mixedviT aRniSne sawyisi wertili da `gaemgzavre~ _
fanqriT gaavle xazebi.
nimuSi:

1. pirvel da meore dRes `gaemgzavre~

saxlidan CrdiloeTiT.
2. mesame, meoTxe da mexuTe dRes _
aRmosavleTiT.
3. meeqvse da meSvide dRes iare samxreTiT.
4. merve, mecxre da meaTe dRes _
dasavleTiT.

sad mixvedi? ra figura miiRe?

III. daaqvirdi sqemebs.

daasaxele, horizontis romeli mxareebi
ar aris aRniSnuli TiToeul sqemaze.

14
 dedamiwa

varskvlavebian caze dakvirve­bisas

adamianebma didi xnis winaT SeamCnies,
rom varskvlavebi jgufebad _ Tana­
varskvlavedebad aris ganlagebuli.
TiToeul jgufSi yvelaze naTeli da
SesamCnevi varskvlavi maT warmosax-
viTi xazebiT SeaerTes da miiRes nax-
atebi. am naxatebs amsgavsebdnen ada-
mians, cxovels an raime sagans. Semdeg
am jgufebs sxvadasxva saxeli daar-
qves. ase gaCdnen didi da patara daT-
vis Tanavarskvlavedebi, Jirafi da gveli, Tevzi da mela.
horizontis mxareebis gansazRvra RamiT varskvlavebis mixedvi-
Tac SeiZleba.
varskvlavTa Soris TvaliT advilad SevniSnavT Svid-Svidi var-
skvlavisagan Semdgar or Tanavarskvlaveds. erT maTgans SedarebiT
didi sivrce ukavia da didi daTvis Tanavar­
skvlavedi ewodeba; meores ki _ patara daT­
vis Tanavarskvlavedi.
patara daTvis Tanavarskvlaveds Cam-
Cis forma aqvs. CamCis `taris~ boloSi aris
mokaSkaSe varskvlavi. mas polarul var­
skvlavs uwodeben. igi yovelTvis ho­ ri­
zontis CrdiloeTi mxaris zemoTaa. rodesac
polarul varskvlavs pirdapir vuyurebT,
Cven win CrdiloeTia, ukan _ samxreTi, mar-
jvniv _ aRmosavleTi, marcxniv _ dasavleTi.

1. RamiT daakvirdi varskvlavebian cas;

2. ipove didi da patara daTvis Tanavarskvlavedebi;
3. moZebne polaruli varskvlavi da gansazRvre
horizontis mxareebi;
4. SearCie varskvlavTa romelime jgufi _ Tanavarskv-
lavedi; Caixate furcelze da varskvlavebi SeaerTe
xazebiT; gaarkvie Tanavarskvlavedis saxeli.

15
Cveni garemo 4

8. ruka

I. gaixsene da daasaxele, rogor aris aRniSnuli rukaze

geografiuli obieqtebi.

II. msoflios fizikur rukaze mocemul CarCoebSi Cawerili

cifrebi pirobiTad horizontis mxareebs aRniSnaven.
daasaxele, TiToeul cifrs horizontis romeli
mxare Seesabameba.

garemoSi orientirebisaTvis adamiani uZvelesi droidan iyenebs

rukas. rukebze gamosaxaven dedamiwis mTel zedapirs an mis romelime
nawils. amisTvis iyeneben pirobiT aRniSvnebs.
pirobiTi aRniSvnebis daxmarebiT adamians SeuZlia rukaze dakvir-
vebiT gaecnos misTvis saintereso adgils. ruka SesaniSnavi megzuri da
garemos Secnobis saukeTeso saSualebaa.
SeuZlebelia erTi adgilis Sesaxeb yvelanairi informaciis datana
erT rukaze. amitom arsebobs sxvadasxva daniSnulebis ruka. magaliTad:
fizikuri, turistuli da sxva.
zogjer rukebs erT wignad kinZaven. wignad akinZul rukebis krebuls
atlass uwodeben.
amgvarad, ruka dedamiwis zedapiris Semcirebuli gamosaxulebaa
sibrtyeze. igi bevr saintereso informacias gvawvdis.

16
 dedamiwa

rukas didi xnis istoria aqvs. pirvelyofili adamianebi gamoqvabu-

lis kedlebze xatavdnen martiv `rukebs~. mecnierebi fiqroben, rom es
naxatebi rukis winamorbedebia.
uZveles droSi qarTvelebs, kerZod, kolxebs, hqoniaT kargad
Sedgenili sagzao rukebi, e.w. kirbebi _ rukis winaprebi.

 qvaze amokveTili ruka

 erT-erTi Zveleburi ruka

 mecnierebis mier  erT-erTi Zveleburi ruka

gaSifruli

daasaxele swori pasuxi:

1. rukaze zeviT aRniSnulia mimarTuleba
aRmosavleTi, CrdiloeTi, samxreTi
2. rukaze mimarTuleba samxreTi aRniSnulia
zeviT, marjvniv, qveviT
3. wignad akinZul rukebis krebuls hqvia
albomi, rveuli, atlasi

17
Cveni garemo 4

9. polusebi da ekvatori

I. TamaSi `vin CaZiravs gems?~. iTamaSe mewyvilesTan.

1. mocemuli nimuSis mixedviT ujredian rveulis furcelze

daxaze ori kvadrati;
2. marcxena mxridan miuwere asoebi _ TiTo ujreds erTi aso;
3. qvemodan miuwere cifrebi _ TiTo ujreds erTi cifri;
4. mewyvilesTan SeTanxmdi `gemebis~ raodenobaze;
5. pirvel kvadratSi, mewyvilesgan malulad, aRniSne Seni `gemebi~;
6. Seecade `CaZiro~ moTamaSis `gemebi~.

1. cifrebisa da asoebis gareSe SeZlebdi TamaSs?

2. rogor fiqrob, ratom aris datanili rukaze da
globusze xazebi?

ukeT orientirebis mizniT, rukasa da globusze adamianebma, pirobiTi

aRniSvnebis garda daitanes ekvatori, sxva xazebi da polusebi. dedami-
wis ori polusi, CrdiloeTi da samxreTi, wertilebiT aRniSnes. xolo
polusebidan, Tanabari manZilis daSorebiT pirobiTi xazi _ ekvatori
gaavles. igi dedamiwas yofs CrdiloeT da samxreT naxevarsferoebad.
sibrtyeze gamosaxvis miz­ niT, adamianebma dedamiwa pirobiTad or
nawilad gayves da ori naxevarsfero, dasavleTi da aRmosavleTi, miiRes.
Semdeg ki naxevarsferoebis fizikuri ruka Seqmnes.

18
 dedamiwa

II. globusze ipove CrdiloeTi da samxreTi polusebi, ekvatori.

III. naxevarsferoebis fizikur rukaze ipove

polusebi da ekvatori.

IV. bukis gamoyenebiT, Seasrule davaleba `dedamiwa~.

a. CarTe buki.
b. moZebne da gaxseni fanjara dedamiwa.rtf.
g. axla Sen SegiZlia Seasrulo davaleba.

19
Cveni garemo 4

10. kontinentebi da okeaneebi

kontinentebi xmeleTis didi nawilebia. isini yvela mxridan garSemor-

tymulia okeaneebiTa da zRvebiT.
dedamiwaze eqvsi kontinentia. isini erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian
sididiT, napirebis moxazulobiTa da bunebrivi pirobebiT.
adamianebi cxovroben yvela kontinentze, garda antarqtidisa. am
dau­saxlebel kontinentze sxvadasxva qveynis mecnierebi drodadro Ca-
dian da samecniero sadgurebSi muSaoben.
dedamiwaze arsebul wylis udides sivrces okeane hqvia. dedamiwaze
xuTi okeanea _ wynari, atlantis, indoeTis, CrdiloeT yinulovani da
samxreTis. isini erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian sididiTa da siRrmiT. okea-
neebis wylebi dakavSirebulia erTmaneTTan da msoflio okeanes qmnian.

 wynari okeane yvelaze didi  Crdilo yinulovani okeane

da Rrmaa. misi wyali akravs yvelaze pataraa. igi akravs
CrdiloeT da samxreT amerikis CrdiloeT amerikasa da evrazias.
dasavleT sanapiros, evraziisa da misi udidesi nawili TiTqmis
avstraliis aRmosavleT nawilsa mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi
da antarqtidas. yinuliTaa dafaruli.

 dedamiwaze
eqvsi kontinentia:
evrazia, afrika,
CrdiloeTi amerika,
samxreTi amerika,
avstralia,
antarqtida.

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 dedamiwa

I. daakvirdi saklaso oTaxSi gakrul rukas da qvemoT

warmodgenil konturebs.
amoicani da daasaxele geografiuli obieqtebi.

II. naxevarsferoebis fizikuri rukis mixedviT gansazRvre,

romel naxevarsferoSi mdebareobs TiToeuli kontinenti.

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Cveni garemo 4

11. kunZulebi, naxevarkunZulebi, sruteebi

I. suraTebze mocemulia srute, kunZuli da naxevarkunZuli.

gansazRvre, romeli romelia (daasaxele).

dedamiwaze, kontinentebis garda, xmeleTis ufro patara nawilebic

gvxvdeba. esenia kunZulebi da naxevarkunZulebi.
kunZuli, kontinentTan SedarebiT, xmeleTis patara nawilia, romelic
yvela mxridan garSemortymulia wyliT. dedamiwaze ramdenime aTasi kun-
Zulia. zogjer kunZulebi erTmaneTTan Zalian axlos arian ganlagebul-
ni da kunZulTa jgufs qmnian. am kunZulebis erTobliobas mecnierebi
arqipelags uwodeben.
kunZulebisgan gansxvavebiT, naxevarkunZuli xmeleTis is nawilia,
romelic erTi mxridan xmeleTTan aris SeerTebuli, xolo danarCeni
mxareebidan wyali akravs.
kunZuls kontinentisagan SeiZleba srute gamoyofdes. srute wylis
viwro sivrcea, romelic erTmaneTisgan yofs xmeleTis nawilebs da amiT
zRvebisa da okeaneebis wylebs erTmaneTTan akavSirebs.

22
 dedamiwa

dedamiwaze yvelaze didi kunZuli, grenlandia, CrdiloeT

amerikis Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT mdebareobs. misi zedapiri TiTqmis
mTlianad dafarulia yinulis sqeli feniT, romlis saSualo sisqe
2300 metria.
yinuli nel-nela kunZulidan okeaneSi Cadis, imsxvreva da qmnis
aisbergebs _ wyalSi mcurav yinulis lodebs. sityva `aisbergi~ ger-
manulad `yinulis mTas~ niSnavs.

 grenlandia  aisbergi

grenlandiis aRmosavleTiT mdebareobs kunZuli islandia. aq

mraval adgilas miwis wiaRidan amoCqefs cxeli wyaroebi, geizerebi.
kunZulis mcxovreblebi am cxel wyals binebis gasaTbobad iyeneben.
bahamis kunZulebisgan atlantis okeanis dasavleTSi iqmneba arqi­
pelagi _ erTmaneTTan axlos mdebare kunZulebis jgufi. kunZulebi
mSvenieri dasasvenebeli adgilia. movardisfro qviSa bevr damsven-
ebels izidavs. saukeTeso sezoni maisidan seqtembramde grZeldeba.

 geizeri  bahamis kunZulebi

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Cveni garemo 4

12. saqarTvelo

I. daakvirdi saqarTvelos fizikur rukas.

saqarTvelos mdebareoba da xmeleTis zedapiri

saqarTvelo mdebareobs evraziis kontinentze, kavkasionis mTavari qe-

dis samxreTiT, da gadaWimulia Savi zRvis sanapirodan aRmosavleTisaken.
saqarTvelos fizikur rukaze Warbobs Ria da muqi yavisferi, rac
miuTiTebs imaze, rom is mTagoriani qveyanaa. mas dasavleTiT esazRvreba
Savi zRva. Cveni samSoblos CrdiloeTiT kavkasionis mTianeTia, samxre­
TiT _ samxreTi mTianeTi. am or mTianeTs Soris moqceulia sivrce,
romelic mTaTaSorisi baris saxelwodebiT aris cnobili. mTaTaSorisi
baris dasavleTi nawili kolxeTis dablobs uWiravs.

II. daakvirdi saklaso oTaxSi gakrul

saqarTvelos fizikur rukas.

1. saqarTvelos romel nawilSi cxovrob? uCvene rukaze.

2. Savi zRva romeli mxridan esazRvreba saqarTvelos?
3. ra upiratesoba aqvs saqarTvelosTvis Savi zRvis sanapiroze
mdebareobas? pasuxi daasabuTe.

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 dedamiwa

 kavkasionis qedze mravali

mwvervalia. maT Soris aris erT-
erTi ulamazesi _ myinvarwveri.
mis sxvadasxva mxares eSveba rva
myinvari. myinvarwvers ramdenime
saxeliT moixseneben:
moxeveebi xatovnad `xevis patar-
Zals~ uwodeben, TuSebi _ `loms~,
fSavlebi _ `gergeTs~, osebi _
`urs-xos~, rac Tovlian mTas niS-
navs; zogjer ki `yazbegs~ uwodeben.

SearCie swori pasuxi. (davaleba Seasrule zepirad).

1. saqarTvelos fizikur rukaze Warbobs:

a) mwvane; b) yavisferi; g) lurji.

2. Savi zRva mdebareobs saqarTvelos:

a) aRmosavleTiT; b) samxreTiT; g) dasavleTiT.

3. kolxeTis dablobi mdebareobs mTaTaSorisi baris:

a) samxreT nawilSi; dasavleT nawilSi; g) aRmosavleT nawilSi

moiZie fotoebi (an Seasrule Canaxatebi) saqarTvelos im

adgilebis Sesaxeb, sadac namyofi xar.

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Cveni garemo 4

13. saqarTvelos bunebis mravalferovneba

I. daakvirdi fotoebs.
waikiTxe mocemuli teqstebi. saqarTvelos fizikur rukaze ipove es
adgilebi da daitane konturul rukaze.

 es alaznis velia.  es bakuriania _ maRalmTiani

igi saqarTvelos Crdilo- kurorti, samTo-saTxilamuro
aRmosavleT nawilSi _ kavkasions, centri, romelic mdebareobs
gomboris qedsa da gare kaxeTis TrialeTis qedis CrdiloeT
zegans Soris mdebareobs. kalTebze. kurortis yvelaze
alaznis veli 160 kilometrzea maRali adgilia `koxtagora~,
gadaWimuli da daqselilia sadac ZiriTadi saTxilamuro
kavkasionidan Camonadeni trasebia.
mdinareebiT.

 es dasavleT saqarTveloSi,  es daba stefanwmindaa (yazbegi).

Savi zRvis sanapiroze, mdebare igi saqarTvelos CrdiloeT
qalaqi baTumia _qveynis sakuror- nawilSi, yuros qedis ZirSi,
to-turistuli centri. qalaqis mdinare Tergis marjvena napirze
mSvenebaa egzotikuri mcenaree- mdebareobs. am adgilidan iSleba
biT `Semosili~ sanapiro bulvari. myinvarwveris didebuli xedebi.

26
 dedamiwa

 es paliastomis tbaa. igi Savi  es vaSlovanis nakrZalia kaxeTSi.

zRvis siaxloves, qalaq foTTan nakrZalis mSvenebaa pantiSaris
mdebareobs. masSi sami patara xeoba, romlis orive mxares
mdinare Caedineba, xolo misgan frialo kldeebia. kldeebze
gaedineba mdinare kaparWina, mZivebiviT asxmuli uamravi
romelic Sav zRvas uerTdeba. mercxlis budea. am adgils
`mercxlis qalaqi~ hqvia.

 es TuSeTia _ saqarTvelos erT-  es Waobia kolxeTis erovnul

erTi kuTxe. igi aRmosavleT parkSi. parkis teritoriis didi
kavkasionis qedis CrdiloeT nawili samegrelos farglebSia
kalTebze mdebareobs da moqceuli. gamoirCeva tenis
yvela mxridan maRali moyvaruli mcenareebiT.
qedebiTaa SemosazRvruli.

mdidari da mravalferovania saqarTvelos buneba. aq aris maRali,

myinvarebiT dafaruli mwvervalebi, gaSlili vakeebi, wiwvovani tyeebi,
zRvis sanapiro plaJebi, Waobebi, ulamazesi mdeloebi, frialo kldeebi.

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Cveni garemo 4

14-15. saqarTvelos mdinareebi,

tbebi da wyalsacavebi

I. waikiTxe saqarTvelos mdinareTa saxelebi.

moZebne isini rukaze. gansazRvre, dasavleT saqarTvelos mdinarea,
Tu aRmosavleT saqarTvelosi. bukis gamoyenebiT, Seavse cxrili
`saqarTvelos mdinareebi~.

rioni, mtkvari, yvirila, alazani, algeTi,

enguri, xrami, bzifi, iori, cxeniswyali

a. CarTe buki.
b. moZebne da gaxseni fanjara saqarTvelos-mdinareebi.rtf.
g. axla Sen SegiZlia Seasrulo davaleba.

II. daakvirdi rukas.

amoicani da aRwere danomrili obieqtebi.
SegiZlia klasSi gakruli ruka gamoiyeno.

III. gamoiyene saqarTvelos fizikuri ruka da konturul rukaze

mdinareebs waawere Tav-Tavisi saxeli.

28
 dedamiwa

saqarTvelos mdinareTa udides nawils saTave mTebSi aqvs. lixis anu

suramis qedi saqarTvelos mdinareebis mTavari gamyofia. igi gadaWimulia
kavkasionis mTavari qedidan saqarTvelos samxreT mTianeTamde da Cvens
samSoblos dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelod yofs. (ipove rukaze).
mdinareebi, romlebic dasavleT saqarTveloSi miedinebian Sav zRvaSi Cae-
dinebian, xolo mdinareebi, romlebic aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi miedi-
nebian, mdinare mtkvars uerTdebian. mtkvari ki kaspiis zRvaSi Caedineba.
saqarTveloSi 26 aTasze meti mdinarea. isini erTmaneTisgan gansxvav-
debian sigrZiT, wyaluxvobiT, dinebis siswrafiT.

 mdinare rioni dasavleT  alazani aRmosavleT

saqarTveloSi miedineba. saqarTveloSi miedineba.
igi saTaves iRebs kavkasionis igi saqarTvelos farglebSi
samxreT kalTaze, fasis mTasTan. yvelaze grZeli mdinarea.
rioni saqarTvelos yvelaze saTaves kavkasionze, borbalos
wyaluxvi mdinarea. mTis kalTidan iRebs.
am mdinarisTvis damaxasiaTebelia alazani zemo dinebaSi viwro da
gazafxul-zafxulis wyaldido- daqanebul xeobaSi moedineba.
bebi. rionis sigrZe 333 km-ia. aq is metad Cqaria da aqafebuli,
igi Sav zRvas uerTdeba xolo Sua da qvemo dinebaSi,
q. foTTan. (ipove rukaze) alaznis velze, mdored miedineba.
(ipove rukaze)

Seadgine patara moTxroba Temaze:

`Cemi mSobliuri kuTxis mdinare~.
daaxasiaTe is mdinare. aRwere, risTvis iyeneben mas.

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Cveni garemo 4

IV. mewyvilesTan erTad gansazRvre _ qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan

romelia tba, romeli _ wyalsacavi.
nimuSis mixedviT, samuSao furcelze daxaze da Seavse cxrili.

riwa, Jinvali, lisi, sioni, faravani, jvari,

Saori, kus, walka, kumisi, bazaleTi, tyibuli

nimuSi:
tba wyalsacavi

V. nimuSis mixedviT, samuSao furcelze daxaze da Seavse diagrama.

Cawere tbisa da wyalsacavis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi,
Seadare erTmaneTs da gamoyavi _ ra aqvT maT saerTo.

nimuSi:

VI. gamoiyene saqarTvelos fizikuri ruka da konturul rukaze daitane

saqarTvelos mniSvnelovani tbebi da wyalsacavebi.

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 dedamiwa

tbebi da wyalsacavebi

tbebi saqarTvelos bunebis namdvili mSvenebaa. isini erTmaneTisa-

gan sididiTa da siRrmiT gansxvavdebian. saqarTveloSi sul 856 tbaa.
zogi-erTi maTganis saxeli SeiZleba SenTvis nacnobi iyos. albaT gagigia
faravnis, paliastomis, bazaleTis, tabawyurisa da sxva tbebis saxelebi.
tbebi, rogorc wesi, bunebrivad Cndeba.
arsebobs xelovnurad Seqmnili `tbebic~. maT mdinaris dagubebiT qm-
nian da wyalsacavebs uwodeben. swored aq dagrovebuli wylis saSua-
lebiT amuSaveben hidroeleqtrosadgurebs, rwyaven miwas. zog maTgan-
Si Tevzsac aSeneben. saqarTveloSi cnobilia Saoris, tyibulis, sionis,
Jinvalisa da Tbilisis wyalsacavebi. Tbilisis wyalsacavs Tbilisis
`zRvasac~ uwodeben.

 es faravnis tbaa. igi saqarTve-  es Jinvalis wyalsacavia. igi

los samxreTSi _ qedebs Soris mTiuleTis aragvisa da Savi
qvabulSi mdebareobs. igi saqarT- aragvis SeerTebis adgilas mde-
veloSi yvelaze didi tbaa. siR- bareobs. wyalsacavi aigo sofel
rmiT ki sul 3,3 metria. zamTarSi Jinvalis adgilas. man datbora
tbis zedapiri yinulis feniT sofeli Jinvali, ris gamoc iqau-
ifareba. tba mdidaria TevziT. ri mosaxleobis umetesoba axlan-
deli daba Jinvalis teritoriaze
gadasaxlda.

1. icvleba Tu ara buneba wyalsacavebis SeqmniT?

daasabuTe Seni pasuxi.
2. aris Tu ara Sens mxareSi tba an wyalsacavi?
risTvis iyeneben mas?

31