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Wide Area Monitoring System

IIT Bombay has developed several analytics tools to help improve the security and operation of India's power grid. These include line parameter estimation, online vulnerability analysis, linear state estimation, CT/CVT calibration, zone-3 distance protection, and control schemes. Most have been deployed in five regional and several state load dispatch centers. IIT Bombay also provides training to teach utilities how to install, operate, and maintain the analytics tools.

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Abhilash
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77 views14 pages

Wide Area Monitoring System

IIT Bombay has developed several analytics tools to help improve the security and operation of India's power grid. These include line parameter estimation, online vulnerability analysis, linear state estimation, CT/CVT calibration, zone-3 distance protection, and control schemes. Most have been deployed in five regional and several state load dispatch centers. IIT Bombay also provides training to teach utilities how to install, operate, and maintain the analytics tools.

Uploaded by

Abhilash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Overview of IIT Bombay WAMS Analytics

Gopal R Gajjar
October 21, 2019
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

1/13
Role of IIT Bombay in URTDSM

Development of analytics
• Line Parameter Estimation

• Online Vulnerability Analysis

• Linear State Estimation

• CT/CVT Calibration

• Supervised Zone-3 Distance Protection

• Control Schemes for Improving System Security

Deployment
All analytics accept the control schemes for improving system security are installed in
five RLDCs and at several states SRLDCs.

2/13
Training Agenda

• Two days comprehensive training on the installed analytics.


• Training would cover
• Over view of all analytics.

• Installation procedure.

• Database preperation.

• Operation and maintenance of each analytics.

• Technical presentations on analytics.

• Commissioning and diagnostic tools performance monitoring and improvements.

3/13
Line Parameter Estimation

• State estimation software use line parameters for estimating the system states
• Distance relays use impedance information of the lines for proper zone settings
• Application of total least squares (TLS) method.

4/13
CT/CVT Calibration

• CVT parameters drift due to aging, temperature and environmental conditions –


introducing bias (systematic error) in measurements.

• Performance of CTs is influenced by non linearity of iron, burden introduced by


secondary leads, primary current, etc.

• It is difficult to ascertain accuracy of any instrument transformer on the site once it


is installed.

• With one VT and CT as reference, PMUs can “soft calibrate” the remaining system.

5/13
Online Vulnerability Analysis of Distance Relays

• Mimic relay operation from PMU data at control center.


X
• Identify relays that are vulnerable to tripping.
Z3 Zcalc
• Define a vulnerability index and rank vulnerable relays.

• Hidden failures in distance relays are identified before R


they can cause any bigger damage to system.

6/13
Zone-3 Distance Protection

• With PMUs placed at both ends of the transmission lines, differential currents can be
computed.

• Once differential currents for all backed up lines are available, decision to block or
not block Zone-3 of the back up relay can be taken.

• The whole procedure


• obtaining synchrophasors from PMUs
• differential currents computation
• communicating appropriate decision to relay
should happen well within one second.

• Prototype testing on Manesar-Neemrana line with simulated data injection was


successfully completed. The round trip latency was observed to be around 200 ms.

7/13
Field Testing of Secure Zone-3 Protection

• To ascertain and verify the operating principle and communication requirement


associated for the successful operations of the scheme.
• A test setup was built around three substations, namely Gurgaon, Manesar and
Neemrana.
• Circuit-1 of Gurgaon-Manesar line was selected as the candidate line for this testing.

8/13
Field Testing of Secure Zone-3 Protection

• Actual PMU data along with a simulated data to simulated fault condition were used.

9/13
Field Testing of Secure Zone-3 Protection

• Hardware setup to receive signal from analytics and forward it to protection relay for
blocking was setup.
• Modbus over Ethernet was used for communication within substation.
• Off the shelf IO that supports Modbus from Masibus was used for the purpose.

10/13
Linear State Estimation

• The control centre makes use of state estimation to take decisions on system
economy and security.
• Synchronized PMU measurements can be utilized to formulate a linear state
estimator.
• Estimation of bus voltage magnitude and angle i.e., system states from raw
measurements is defined as state estimation.

Measurements System State:


Bus Voltages
Linear
Topology State
Estimation Model:
Structure and
Parameters Parameters
11/13
Linear State Estimation

• The state estimator also includes the three important functions - network topology
processor (NTP), observability analysis and bad data detection.
• URTDSM also measures circuit breaker positions, hence topology processing is also
done through PMU data.

Bus-A
Bus-B
Disconnector

Circuit Bus coupler


Breaker

12/13
PMU Field Data

• It is observed that in general there is magnitude bias in voltage measurements in


range 2 to 3 % for at least one measurements per substation.
• Similarly voltage angle bias is also in range of 0.8 to 1.0 deg for at least one
measurement per substation.
• For a 400 kV, 220 km transmission line, an error of 1 % in magnitude implies about 15
MVAR reactive power flow error.
• 0.5 deg error in angle measurement implies 25 MW active power flow error.
• Same figures for a shorter line of 400 kV, 40 km is: 1 % in magnitude implies about 50
MVAR reactive power flow error.
• 0.5 deg error in angle measurement implies 100 MW active power flow error.
• About 70 % of 400 kV and 50 % of 765 kV lines in WR network are shorter than 200 km.
• This has significant impact on state estimation results.

13/13
Thank You

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